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PubMed2001

Orthodontic tooth movement in the mixed dentition. Histological study of a human specimen.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: We present a retrospective analysis of periodontal tissue reactions and clinically relevant phases of permanent tooth eruption and deciduous tooth resorption after half a year of orthodontic tooth movement in the upper and lower jaw of a deceased male (age 9 years 3 months). Specimens of the horizontal plane (lower jaw) and sagittal plane (upper jaw) were prepared by the ground microsection technique without prior decalcification. RESULTS: Histologically, reactions in the periodontal ligament presented as characteristic appositional/resorptive metaplastic processes in the areas of tension and pressure, with side effects such as root resorption and periodontal necrosis being only minor. In the upper jaw, an erupting permanent canine was closely associated with the tooth germ of the first premolar. Resorptive follicle activity had resulted in extensive erosion of the interradicular bone and root resorption in the area of the first premolars. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that it might prove useful to take critical topographic findings as parameters for differential therapeutic decisions. Follicle-driven deciduous tooth resorption presenting partly as resorption lacunae and partly with linear characteristics was accompanied by resorptive/appositional remodeling of the alveolar socket as well as regressive changes in the supracrestal fibers of the marginal gingiva.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Experimental study of bone resorption after tooth extraction with implanted hydroxyapatite tooth root substitute].

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) tooth root substitute implantation have been applied to extraction sockets in many studies for purpose of preservating alveolar bone. Dimensional changes were measured with sectioned study cast of cephalometric X-ray photo. In this study, dimensional changes were determined by newly developed evaluation system which utilizing image analyzer (Immunomedica Co., Ltd.), in a view of conserving alveolar ridges beneath the denture base. Cone shaped HAP tooth roots (5 or 6 mm in length) were implanted to one subject and disk-like shaped HAP tooth roots (2 mm in length) were also implanted to the other subject. Preservation of alveolar bone was observed in both shaped HAP tooth roots implanted site compared to control site. Bony ankylosis between HAP tooth root and alveolar bone, observed on 1 month after histological specimens, may contribute to this result. Smaller changes of blood flow compared to controls were obtained on implanted site, which were measured with Laser Doppler blood flow meter (Perimed KB; Sweden) on buccal mucosa. We consider that HAP shows good biocompatibility and HAP tooth roots implantation decrease the wound volume consequently.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1977

[Pathological tooth root resorption and its clinical significance].

The author examined 316 teeth, on which total pulpotomy had been performed, for frequency and extent of resorption. Marked resorptions, always associated with chronic apical periodontitis, were radiographically disclosed in 43 teeth. It is pointed out that the clinical radiographic technique permits to visualize only resorptions of greater extent.

Dental Pulp Devitalization↗
PubMed1989

Disturbances of tooth form and eruption in the microphthalmic (mi) mouse: a light and electron microscopic study.

Changes in the surrounding alveolar bone occur during tooth eruption. The microphthalmic (mi/mi) mouse suffers from osteopetrosis and lack of bone resorption; tooth form and eruption were examined in both affected mi/mi mice and unaffected litter-mates to determine the effect of osteopetrosis on tooth development and eruption. Paraffin sections of mandibles from 3, 7, 10, 13, 15 and 20-day-old mice were examined by light microscopy after staining with haematoxylin and eosin and for stable acid phosphatase activity. Mandibles from 15- and 20-day-old mice were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of odontoblasts was observed in 15-day-old mice. Tooth eruption was significantly reduced in the mi/mi mice; the bone of affected mice increased in area with increasing age and marrow spaces narrowed. There was little bony remodeling in the mi/mi mouse, as indicated by layers of reversal lines. This lack of bone resorption affected tooth eruption and root formation. No abnormalities were detected in odontoblasts, suggesting functional normality, but the wide predentine layer in the mi/mi mouse may indicate an alteration in dentine mineralization.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Internal root resorption studied by radiography, stereomicroscope, scanning electron microscope and computerized 3D reconstructive method.

AIM AND METHODOLOGY: Two cases of internal tooth resorption were examined. A mandibular premolar and a mandibular canine were studied after they were extracted using radiographs, a stereomicroscope (SM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Lastly, 3D images of the sectioned teeth were obtained(3D). RESULTS: Radiographically, internal root resorption was shown as a uniform radiolucency. By SM examination, an extensive destruction of dentin was seen, while, by SEM examination, a disappearance of dentinal tubules was clear. The 3D reconstructive method revealed a circumscribed, oval-shaped defect that did not perforate the cemental layer. CONCLUSIONS: Internal root resorption is a rare remodeling process that can be studied using different experimental methods.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2000

Persistence of deciduous molars in subjects with agenesis of the second premolars.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate persistent primary second molars in a group of young people in their late twenties with agenesis of one or two second premolars. In 1982-83 it was decided, in connection with the orthodontic evaluation of 25 patients, to allow 35 primary molars (one or two in each patient) to remain in situ. All patients had mixed dentitions and agenesis of one or two premolars. The primary teeth were generally in good condition, although root resorption and infra-occlusion (compensated by occlusal composite onlays) occurred. In 1997, 18 of the 25 patients with a total of 26 retained primary molars were reexamined, comprising a clinical examination for exfoliation, extraction, loosening, and ankylosis, and a radiographic examination for root resorption, tooth morphology (crown and root), and alveolar bone contour. The examination showed that the degree of root resorption was unaltered in 20 of the 26 primary molars. In the permanent dentitions, where these primary molars persisted, there were no morphological deviations. Three of the six remaining primary molars had been extracted and three showed extensive resorption. In three of the 26 primary molars the infra-occlusion had worsened. The present study shows that persistence of primary second molars in subjects with agenesis of one or two premolars, and normal morphology of the permanent dentition can be an acceptable, semi-permanent solution for the patient. Whether this could also be an acceptable long-term solution will be shown by follow-up studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The effect of functional occlusal forces on orthodontic tooth movement and tissue recovery in rats.

The influence of physiologic occlusal forces on tissue response to orthodontic tooth movement and its subsequent recovery was investigated in rats. The mandibular incisors were subjected to tipping and intrusive loads for 2 weeks. In 27 animals, the teeth remained in occlusion, while the incisors were shortened out of occlusion in 29. In each group, some rats were killed at the end of the tooth movement process, and the rest were kept alive for a 13-week recovery period. The subgroups were matched with corresponding controls. Tooth intrusion and eruption were monitored throughout the experiment; then histomorphometric and histopathologic evaluations were performed on the incisors and their periodontal tissues. Tooth movement was barely affected by the functional forces. However, immediately upon 2-week load application, damage to the pulp was more extensive in the occluding teeth; this might be due to the combined intrusive vectors of functional and mechanical loads. The effect of the physiologic function was expressed primarily during the recovery period, in which the eruptive function and distorted periodontal ligament space returned to normal significantly faster in the occluding teeth. This was also true for the healing of dental and periodontal lesions. The incidence of tooth resorption was also reduced. Normal occlusal function is imperative for rapid reconstitution of the damage caused by orthodontic forces.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Changes of vibration frequency due to root resorption of deciduous tooth].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of vibration frequency of a deciduous tooth due to physiological root resorption. The author developed an analysis system for tooth vibration by applying an impact-hammer to the tooth. Peak frequency (Hz) of the tooth stimulated by the impact-hammer was observed by the analysis system. The following results were obtained: 1) Peak frequency of the tooth vibration shifted to a lower range according to the root resorption both in vitro (simulation model) and in vivo (15 children) and a high positive correlation was found between the peak frequency and the crown-root length ratio (r = 0.840). 2) A cause of the frequency shift to the lower range was not related to the tooth weight but to the change of tooth gravity due to the root resorption. 3) It was considered that the vibration analysis system could be useful on measuring tooth mobility in vivo and in clinic as well.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Autotransplantation of maxillary canine teeth. A follow-up of 35 cases up to 4 years.

35 cases of autotransplantation of nonendodontically treated maxillary canines were followed for up to 4 years and were assessed according to loss of the transplanted tooth, onset of sensibility, mobility, intact lamina dura and presence of tooth resorption. The results of this study compare favourably with other studies and favour the hypothesis that little is to be gained by not endodontically treating autotransplanted teeth immediately after splint removal. It is also suggested that immobilization by means of a rigid splint, removing the tooth from occlusal forces, may account for the relatively low incidence of resorption in this series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Periodontal and pulpal condition of the central incisors after midline osteotomy of the maxilla.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodontal and pulpal condition of the central incisors after Le Fort I and midline osteotomies for transverse expansion of the maxilla. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The series included 12 women and eight men, with an average age at operation of 28.4 years (range, 17 to 48 years). Each patient, examined retrospectively, underwent transverse expansion of the maxilla by combined Le Fort I and midline osteotomies. The minimum follow-up was 12 months (range, 12 to 85 months, with an average of 38 months). The central incisors were tested for percussion sound, mobility, and pulpal response to electric stimulation, and then compared with the lateral incisors. The pocket depths and the height of the alveolar bone were measured, and the root surface was evaluated for resorption on radiographs. RESULTS: Percussion and mobility tests indicated normal values for all teeth. Four (11%) of the central incisors did not respond to electrical stimulation. There was no difference in pocket depth between the mesial and distal sulci of the central incisors. In one tooth, resorption was detectable on the medial surface of the root. Minor root surface injury was seen in two roots, although these injuries were not progressive. The alveolar bone level of the central incisors was located slightly more superiorly on the mesial than on the distal side. CONCLUSIONS: Although there may be some minor complications to the periodontal and pulpal tissues after combined Le Fort I and midline osteotomies, the harmful effects seem to be of negligible clinical significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Microscopic and histochemical study of odontoclasts in physiologic resorption of teeth of the polyphyodont lizard, Liolaemus gravenhorsti.

Using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), we examined the cytodifferentiation of odontoclast cells in resorbing areas of dental tissues during the replacement of teeth in a polyphyodont lizard, Liolaemus gravenhorsti. We also report, by means of Lectin-HRP histochemistry, the distribution pattern of some specific sugar residues of TRAPase-positive cells. For detection of TRAPase activity, the azo dye-coupling technique was used. Lectin binding sites were demonstrated by means of specific HRP-lectins. The process of tooth resorption was divided into four stages: 1) preresorption-the wall of the dental pulp is covered with an odontoblast layer, and no TRAP-positive cells are in the dental pulp; 2) early resorption-TRAP-positive multinucleate odontoclasts are present on the dental wall, but the rest of the pulp surface is still covered with an odontoblast layer; 3) later resorption-the entire surface of the pulp chamber is lined with multinucleate odontoclasts; and 4) final resorption-the tooth has been totally resorbed. Odontoclasts are usually detached from the resorbed surface, and show signs of degeneration. Of the six lectins used, PNA, ECA, and UEA-1 bind to multinucleated but not mononuclear cells. All the remaining lectins, BS-1, RCA(120), and LTA showed no binding to any cells of the teeth. The significance of saccharidic moieties such as acetyl-galactosamine, acetyl-glucosamine, and fucose sugar residues is difficult to ascertain. Perhaps these oligosaccharides might be borne on molecules associated with odontoclastic resorption or associated with multinucleation of odontoclasts after attachment to the dentine surface.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1985

Studies of a family manifesting premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth.

We report observations made on a family in which the children manifested premature exfoliation of the deciduous incisors and canines beginning as early as 1.5 years of age. We observed gingival recession, alveolar bone resorption, tooth loosening and exfoliation without apical root resorption in the absence of clinical signs of inflammation. The children's mother, age 26, had a normal periodontium, but the father, age 30, had periodontitis of moderate severity. Exfoliated deciduous teeth from one of the children were examined histologically and features characteristic for hypophosphatasia were seen. However, localized prepubertal periodontitis could not be ruled out from these data alone. The differential diagnoses for this type of condition are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Class II MHC antigen-expressing cells in the pulp tissue of human deciduous teeth prior to shedding.

The distribution and ultrastructure of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen-expressing cells in the pulp tissue of human deciduous teeth during the process of physiological root resorption was surveyed by histochemical and immunocytochemical methods using an anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-monoclonal antibody. Dental pulp was found to contain numerous HLA-DR-positive cells of various shapes; those showing a dendritic appearance were located mainly in the periphery of the pulp tissue, associated closely with the odontoblasts. The immunopositive cells sometimes extended their cytoplasmic processes into the dentinal tubules and increased in number in the areas affected by dental caries, attrition or restorative procedures, implicating their role in immunosurveillance. The immunopositive cells were located consistently at the pulp-dentin border during the stage of active resorption, adjacent to the preodontoclasts or odontoclasts, and covered the exposed dentin surface after the detachment of the odontoclasts until the onset of cementum formation. These data suggest that the HLA-DR-immunopositive cells in the coronal pulp of human deciduous teeth play an inductive role in the differentiation, migration and/or activation of the odontoclasts and cementoblast-like cells during the stages of tooth resorption.

Dental Pulp↗
PubMed2001

External resorption associated with tooth eruption.

A case is presented with severe resorption on the mesial root of the mandibular first permanent molar in a patient with Juvenile Periodontitis. The follicle of the bicuspid is seen in contact with mesial root of the molar.

Aggressive Periodontitis↗