'Spinning in': a new concept for technology transfer?
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Pennsylvania↗
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Results for “Technology Transfer”
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Using the World Wide Web to revolutionise technology transfer and training in the water and wastewater industries.
Industry professionals of the near future will be supported by an IT infrastructure that enables them to complete a task by drawing on resources and people with expertise anywhere in the world, and access to knowledge through specific training programs that address the task requirements. The increasing uptake of new technologies enables information to reach a diverse population and to provide flexible learning environments 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This paper examines one of the key areas where the World Wide Web will impact on the water and wastewater industries, namely technology transfer and training. The authors will present their experiences of developing online training courses for wastewater industry professionals over the last two years. The perspective is that of two people working at the "coalface".
Diffusion of Innovation↗
Technology transfer concerns of college graduates with disabilities: Profiles in transition from higher education to competitive careers.
The article describes the technology transfer concerns reported by a small sample (N=14) of recent college graduates with disabilities. In structured, in-depth interviews, researchers asked respondents to reflect on the extent to which they had utilized technology resources during their college years in preparation for the world of work. Results suggest that colleges and universities need to play a more active role in introducing students with disabilities to both generalized and assistive technology services.
Journal Article↗
Changing paradigms in animal agriculture: the role of academia and industry in technology transfer.
Challenges abound for academia, industry, and animal agriculture. Universities, especially land-grant universities, are losing their credibility with the public on whom they depend for support. Industries have gone and continue to go through wrenching restructuring, driven by the realities of the marketplace. On the farm and in the classrooms, laboratories, and field research stations of land-grant universities, agriculturalists face a major challenge-society's growing resistance to science and technology. Technology, especially biotechnology, has become suspect in the minds of many people. Solutions to these and other challenges for effective technology transfer in the future will not depend on a single institution, company, or program. Perhaps the most challenging issue is simply how to unite groups and individuals who have been accustomed to having their own separate programs. In the future, "business as usual"; won't work. Academia and industry are being held to new and higher standards of accountability by their clientele (customers). Academia and industry will need to join forces to increase U.S. agriculture's competitiveness in a global environment that demands that the lag time between discovery and adoption of appropriate technology be shortened.
Animal Husbandry↗
The importance of the measurement of ATP depletion and subsequent cell damage with an estimate of size and nature of the market for a practicable method: a review designed for technology transfer.
ATP is the energy currency of cells. ATP depletion is a central process in pathogenesis, in particular ischaemia, hypoxia and hypoglycaemia. ATP depletion in cells can be indirectly measured from the increased concentrations of extracellular hypoxanthine, a central intermediate in the metabolism of ATP. Cell damage secondary to ATP depletion can also be measured from extracellular hypoxanthine. The relevant biochemistry and physiology is briefly reviewed. Since market size is needed for investment decisions that would allow technology transfer, the numbers of hypoxanthine analyses that are clinically justified from the extensive published evidence are calculated per million population from UK, Norwegian and other evidence. The concentration of oxygen in blood is measured to estimate whether mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is adequate. Measurements of bicarbonate are used to estimate anaerobic glycolysis. Since the indirect estimation of ATP depletion is a major objective of blood gas and acid-base analyses, the number of such analyses per million population provides a good estimate of potential market size for a more direct method of estimating ATP depletion. A method is required for the rapid, dispersed emergency analyses needed clinically. Routes for method development are indicated. Competition, risks, acceptability, consumer motivation and timetables are indicated for the development phase. There are medicolegal pressures, especially in the USA, for the proposed advances to be widely used.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Effective technology transfer in alcoholism treatment.
Alcoholism treatment services in the United States continue to be characterized by a lack of evidence-based care. Problems establishing effective research-practice knowledge transfer stem, in part, from the strong allegiance of scientists and practitioners to contrasting treatment models. Four underlying assumptions of the Minnesota model that continue to guide the delivery of alcohol services in the United States are identified and related research is reviewed. Findings indicate little support for these assumptions. However, support for superiority of alternative science-based treatments to replace current practices varies. To facilitate effective technology transfer, research practitioner collaboration must be promoted. Research paradigms are needed that possess high salience to practitioners while preserving scientific rigor. Two examples of studies involving research-practitioner collaboration are described.
Alcoholism↗
A discussion of the concept of technology transfer of research-based drug "abuse" prevention and treatment interventions.
With the availability of both drug user prevention and treatment interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness under rigorous experimental design, new avenues of research have opened up to bring these strategies to scale. Of major importance is adapting evidence-based prevention and treatment programs to community specifications without diluting their power. A number of researchers have examined this issue from a variety of perspectives. This brief discussion is an attempt to bring those perspectives together within a conceptual framework that integrates them around research issues and questions. Several theoretical perspectives that have not been brought into the technology transfer discussion are mentioned, others need to be reviewed for their potential to guide further research in this area.
Alcoholism↗
Technology transfer through performance management: the effects of graphical feedback and positive reinforcement on drug treatment counselors' behavior.
After drug treatment counselors at a community-based methadone treatment clinic were trained in implementing a contingency management (CM) intervention, baseline measures of performance revealed that, on average, counselors were meeting the performance criteria specified by the treatment protocol about 42% of the time. Counselors were exposed to graphical feedback and a drawing for cash prizes in an additive within-subjects design to assess the effectiveness of these interventions in improving protocol adherence. Counselor performance measures increased to 71% during the graphical feedback condition, and to 81% during the drawing. Each counselor's performance improved during the intervention conditions. Additional analyses suggested that counselors did not have skill deficits that hindered implementation. Rather, protocol implementation occurred more frequently when consequences were added, thereby increasing the overall proportion of criteria met. Generalizations, however, may be limited due to a small sample size and possible confounding of time and intervention effects. Nonetheless, present results show promise that feedback and positive reinforcement could be used to improve technology transfer of behavioral interventions into community clinic settings.
Adult↗
Modeling technology transfer in health information systems. Learning from the experience of Chad.
Health information systems are complex combinations of methods of organization and computer technologies. They are idiosyncratic to each country. Chad's design of a national information system followed a process that can serve as a model for sustainable technology transfer--using consensual decision making and reinforcing administrative reforms while providing strong Ministry leadership and using technical assistance.
Chad↗
Heat transfer technology for internal passages of air-cooled blades for heavy-duty gas turbines.
The present review paper, although far from being complete, aims to give an overview about the present state of the art in the field of heat transfer technology for internal cooling of gas turbine blades. After showing some typical modern cooled blades, the different methods to enhance heat transfer in the internal passages of air-cooled blades are discussed. The complicated flows occurring in bends are described in detail, because of their increasing importance for modern cooling designs. A short review about testing of cooling design elements is given, showing the interaction of the different cooling features as well. The special focus of the present review has been put on the cooling of blades for heavy-duty gas turbines, which show several differences compared to aero-engine blades.
Journal Article↗
Gene transfer technologies for the production of enzyme and protein reference materials.
To maintain the success of recommended methods and to allow comparison among various methods of enzyme analysis, enzyme reference materials are required, having catalytic properties as close as possible to those of the corresponding human enzymes. Though human sources are preferable, ethical reasons require the extraction and purification from animal tissues. By providing theoretically unlimited amounts of material, gene transfer technologies and mass culture can overcome the need of human or mammalian tissues. We have used these technologies to produce human gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and pancreatic lipase (PL) in various types of host cells. Different strategies were tested, especially for GGT, depending on the inherent properties and requirements of the human enzyme. Expression and purification protocols were optimized, yielding good amounts of recombinant enzymes which share many physico-chemical and catalytic features with their natural counterparts. Kinetic constants and catalytic behavior were very similar, demonstrating the usefulness of these products as reference materials. We assume recombinant DNA technologies could be successfully applied to most enzymes or proteins assayed in clinical chemistry laboratories.
Animals↗
Gene transfer technology in therapy: current applications and future goals.
Gene therapy has attracted much interest since the first submissions of phase I clinical trials in the early 1990s, for the treatment of inherited genetic diseases. Preliminary results were very encouraging and prompted many investigators to submit protocols for phase I and phase II clinical trials for the treatment of inherited genetic diseases and cancer. The possible application of gene transfer technology to treat AIDS, cardiopathies, and neurologic diseases is under evaluation. Some viral vectors have already been used to deliver HIV-1 subunits to immunize volunteers who are participating in the AIDS vaccine programs in the USA. However, gene delivery systems still need to be optimized in order to achieve effective therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest achievements in improving gene delivery systems, their current application in preclinical studies and in therapy, and the most pressing issues that must be addressed in the area of vector design.
Animals↗
Gene Transfer Technology in Therapy: Current Applications and Future Goals.
Gene therapy has attracted much interest since the first submissions of phase I clinical trials in the early 1990s, for the treatment of inherited genetic diseases. Preliminary results were very encouraging and prompted many investigators to submit protocols for phase I and phase II clinical trials for the treatment of inherited genetic diseases and cancer. The possible application of gene transfer technology to treat AIDS, cardiopathies, and neurologic diseases is under evaluation. Some viral vectors have already been used to deliver HIV-1 subunits to immunize volunteers who are participating in the AIDS vaccine programs in the USA. However, gene delivery systems still need to be optimized in order to achieve effective therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest achievements in improving gene delivery systems, their current application in preclinical studies and in therapy, and the most pressing issues that must be addressed in the area of vector design.
Journal Article↗
Future directions and emerging issues in technology transfer between HIV prevention researchers and community-based service providers.
The public health objective of preventing new HIV infections can be achieved only through effective information exchange among service providers, researchers, and policymakers. The potential for successful transfer of research-based HIV prevention technology to service providers will be enhanced if investigators take into account in the research planning stage how interventions will be used in the field, seek early input from community members and service providers, test variations of interventions that may increase their practicality in applied settings, and determine the cost and effectiveness of intervention delivery. Strategies are needed to ensure that the experiences of service providers help to inform the HIV prevention research agenda, improve service organization infrastructure and capacity development, and facilitate organizational networking so that providers can use new-generation HIV prevention interventions. Policies are needed to facilitate the development of intervention packages, training, and ongoing technical assistance for service providers in implementing effective HIV prevention interventions.
Community Health Services↗
Health technology transfer.
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Biomedical Technology↗
This idea worth anything? Mechanics of technology transfer.
The path from a proven scientific idea to a commercially viable product is seldom easy. It often requires ten or more years and millions of dollars. The essential elements include a creative concept that has been proven sound, identification of the commercial applicability of the concept, and financing and management of the development process.
Commerce↗
Gene-transfer technology: a preventive neurotherapy to curb obesity, ameliorate metabolic syndrome and extend life expectancy.
Leptin insufficiency at crucial target sites in the hypothalamic circuitries that integrate energy intake and expenditure underlies abnormal rates of fat accumulation. The payload of this "fat burden" is metabolic syndrome, a cluster of life-threatening metabolic afflictions, and a shorter lifespan. Currently available therapies employed to combat obesity have disadvantages such as poor compliance for lifestyle modification or transient effectiveness and undesirable side-effects of pharmacological interventions. Recent studies suggest that neurotherapy comprising a single central administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus vector encoding the leptin gene severely depletes fat and ameliorates the major symptoms of metabolic syndrome for extended periods in rodents. These persistent benefits avert the deleterious impact of the "fat burden" and extend life expectancy. Thus, the novel approach of central gene-transfer technology has distinct advantages over current therapies and has the potential to correct or slow the progression of inherited or acquired hypothalamic diseases.
Adenoviridae↗
The Ohio Cancer Information Service: technology transfer on clinical trials and other measures of cancer control.
We examined trends in caller queries on tobacco, mammography, Pap tests, and clinical trials to the NCI-sponsored Cancer Information Service (CIS) of Ohio via its toll free telephone number (1-800-4-CANCER) during 1986-1991. Calls on NCI-approved clinical trials and treatment protocols tripled during the study period (from 6% in 1986 to 20% in 1991, p < 0.01) primarily due to counselor-initiated (proactive) recommendations and actions. Calls on breast cancer showed a significant increase whereas calls on respiratory system cancers showed a decline over the time period. There was also a dramatic increase in calls on mammography, reflecting the impact of national and local promotion of breast screening. Queries on tobacco use and Pap tests declined, perhaps due to a perceived saturation effect of public education on these two topics. Our results support the use of CIS as a technology transfer system.
Breast Neoplasms↗