Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Survival Rate”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Subsegmental transcatheter arterial embolization for small hepatocellular carcinomas: local therapeutic effect and 5-year survival rate.

The local therapeutic effects and 5-year survival rates obtained following subsegmental transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) therapy for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 124 nodular-type HCC lesions measuring less than 4 cm in diameter in 100 patients with liver cirrhosis were subjected to the analysis. All lesions became opaque on digital subtraction angiography. Complete necrosis was seen in 64% of 11 resected lesions. Among the remaining 113 lesions, the 1- and 5-year local recurrence rates following one performance of TAE were 18% and 33%, respectively. The 1- and 5-year survival rates were 100% and 53%, respectively. No significant side effect was observed after TAE therapy. Subsegmental TAE therapy significantly improved the long-term survival rates of patients with small HCCs associated with liver cirrhosis as compared with those treated by conventional TAE therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Survival rates after radical cystectomy according to tumor stage of bladder carcinoma at first presentation.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to establish to what extent the survival rates of muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma are influenced by the tumor stage at initial presentation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study examined the clinical course of 230 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma from 1992 to 2002. The patients were divided into three groups according to the histological results of the initial and final transurethral tumor resection (TURB). In group 1 (n = 41) radical cystectomy was carried out for a superficial bladder carcinoma which had a high likelihood of progressing. Group 2 (n = 57) consisted of patients who displayed a superficial tumor stage when they first presented and developed progressive muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma under conservative treatment. Group 3 (n = 132) was made up of patients who were already at the muscle-invasive tumor stage in the course of primary TURB. The histopathological characteristics of all transurethral tumor resections and radical cystectomy were recorded. Progression-free survival and overall survival in the three groups were then compared. RESULTS: The average patient age when cystectomy was carried out was 63.9 (35-80) years and the average follow-up period was 38 months. An average of 2.3 (1-16) transurethral tumor resections were carried out before radical cystectomy (median = 1). Progression-free survival and overall survival of all 230 patients was 54 and 50%, respectively, after 5 years. The best result was a 74% progression-free 5-year survival rate with organ-confined lymph node-negative tumors (n = 106) which was statistically significant (p = 0.0004) compared to the progression-free 5-year survival rate of 50% for non-organ-confined, lymph node-negative tumors (n = 64). Lymph node-positive patients achieved a progression-free survival rate of 21% after 5 years regardless of the tumor infiltration. Patients in group 1 achieved a progression-free 5-year survival rate of 77% and an overall survival rate of 63% after 5 years. In group 2 patients achieved a progression-free survival rate of 51% after 5 years and an overall survival rate of 50%. In the case of primary muscle invasion (group 3), progression-free survival and overall survival were 49 and 46%, respectively, after 5 years. There was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 with regard to their progression-free or overall survival rates (p > 0.35). However, both groups displayed a significantly poorer progression-free and overall survival rate compared with group 1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results show that superficial bladder carcinoma with tumor progress to muscle invasion does not have a better prognosis after radical cystectomy than initial muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma. Survival rates in this group can only be improved by singling out patients on the basis of risk factors at an earlier stage and carrying out a cystectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

SURVIVAL--an integrated software package for survival curve estimation and statistical comparison of survival rates of two groups of patients or experimental animals.

SURVIVAL, a new integrated software package for survival curve estimation and statistical comparison of survival rates of two censored or uncensored groups of patients or experimental animals, is described and demonstrated. The software is based on the calculation of the Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival curves and utilizes the Mantel-Haenszel and/or Fisher's test for the statistical comparison of the corresponding survival rates. SURVIVAL can be used for statistical evaluation of survival data obtained either on sequentially created or fixed size groups. The software is menu driven to provide a very user friendly tool for analyzing survival data. It may be of great value mainly in clinical use because it automatically enables evaluation of a large set of survival data, sequentially collected in SURVIVAL's own database during a long survival study, with entry and evaluation possible at any time during the study.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Survival rate of 2636 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma].

2636 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma treated by resection are analyzed. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 40.6% and 29.8%, respectively. The main factors influencing the survival rates are: 1. Pathology stage: The 5-year survival rates of stages I, II, and III were 58.3%, 33.6% and 26.4% and 10-year survival rates were 44.6%, 23.8% and 17.8%, respectively while in stage III, the 5-year survival rate of T3N0M0 was much better than that of N2 group, 43.2% and 16.7%; 2. Histology type: Squamous type had the best 5-year survival rate (47.9%) and adenocarcinoma worse (35.7%). Though the 5-year survival rate of small cell lung cancer was the lowest (21.2%), it was twice as high as the group treated by surgery only which was reported in 1979. We consider that it is due to the beneficial effect of chemotherapy instituted with surgery since 1976 3. The prognosis of specimens with negative stump was better than those with positive ones. There are no obvious differences in the prognosis affected by other factors such as age, sex, smoking history, time of diagnosis, central or peripheral type, preoperative radiotherapy or the extent of surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

High survival rates of kidney transplants from spousal and living unrelated donors.

BACKGROUND: In the United States, increasing numbers of persons are donating kidneys to their spouses. Despite greater histoincompatibility, the survival rates of these kidneys are higher than those of cadaveric kidneys. We examined the factors influencing the high survival rates of spousal-donor kidneys. METHODS: Kidney-transplant data from the United Network for Organ Sharing Renal Transplant Registry were used to calculate graft-survival rates with Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The three-year survival rates were 85 percent for kidneys from 368 spouses, 81 percent for kidneys from 129 living unrelated donors who were not married to the recipients, 82 percent for kidneys from 3368 parents, and 70 percent for 43,341 cadaveric kidneys. The three-year survival rate for wife-to-husband grafts was 87 percent, which was the same as for husband-to-wife grafts if the wife had never been pregnant. If the wife had previously been pregnant, the three-year graft-survival rate was 76 percent (P = 0.40). The three-year graft-survival rate among recipients of spousal grafts who did not receive transfusions preoperatively was 81 percent, as compared with 90 percent for recipients who received 1 to 10 transfusions preoperatively (P = 0.008). The superior survival rate of grafts from unrelated donors could not be attributed to better HLA matching, white race, younger donor age, or shorter cold-ischemia times, but might be explained by damage due to shock before removal in 10 percent of the cadaveric kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: Spouses are an important source of living-donor kidney grafts because, despite poor HLA matching, the graft-survival rate is similar to that of parental-donor kidneys. This high rate of survival is attributed to the fact that the kidneys were uniformly healthy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Center-specific graft and patient survival rates: 1997 United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) report.

CONTEXT: Multiple comprehensive, risk-adjusted studies evaluating short-term surgical mortality have been reported previously. This report analyzes short-term and long-term outcomes, both nationally and at each individual transplant program, for all solid organ transplantations performed in the United States. OBJECTIVES: To report graft and patient survival rates for all solid organ transplantations, both nationally and at each specific transplant program in the United States, and to compare the expected survival rate with the actual survival rate of each individual program. DESIGN AND SETTING: Multivariate regression analysis of donor and recipient factors affecting graft and patient survival of all kidney, liver, pancreas, heart, lung, and heart-lung transplants reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing from 742 separate transplant programs. PATIENTS: A cohort of 97587 solid organ transplantations performed on 92966 recipients in the United States from January 1988 through April 1994. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Short-term and conditional 3-year national and individual transplant program graft and patient survival rates overall and from 2 separate eras (era 1, January 1988-April 1992; era 2, May 1992-April 1994); comparison of actual center-specific performance with risk-adjusted expected performance and identification of centers with better-than-expected or worse-than-expected survival rates. RESULTS: One-year graft follow-up exceeded 98% and conditional 3-year follow-up exceeded 91% for all organs. Graft and patient survival improved significantly in era 2 compared with era 1 for all cadaver organs except heart, which remained the same. One-year cadaveric graft survival ranged from 81.5% for heart to 61.9% for heart-lung and 3-year conditional graft survival ranged from 91.3% for pancreas to 74.7% for lung. The percentage of programs whose actual 1-year graft survival was not different from or was better than their risk-adjusted expected survival ranged from 98.3% for heart-lung to 75.7% for liver. Most kidney, liver, and heart programs whose actual survival was significantly less than expected performed small numbers (less than the national average) of transplantations per year. CONCLUSIONS: Graft and patient survival for solid organ transplantations showed improvement over time. Conditional 3-year graft and patient survival rates were approximately 90% for all organs except for lung and heart-lung. The conditional 3-year survival rates were better than 1-year survival rates, indicating the major risk after transplantation occurs in the first year. The majority of transplant programs achieved actual survival rates not significantly different from their expected survival rates. Center effects were most significant within the first year after transplantation and had much less influence on long-term survival outcomes.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

[Analysis of therapeutic factors related to survival rate for malignant glioma patients--report from Brain Tumor Registry in Japan, Vol. 6, 1987].

From the data in vol. 6 of Brain Tumor Registry in Japan, there were mainly analyzed the survival rates of malignant astrocytoma and glioblastoma patients related to extent of surgical removal and postoperative radiation. Total removal of the supratentorial astrocytoma in brain revealed 75.9% in 5-year survival rate, whereas supratentorial malignant astrocytomas and glioblastomas, 43.7% and 20.9% in 5-year survival rates, respectively. Survival rates related to combination of operation and radiation therapy for the glioblastoma and malignant astrocytoma patients were analyzed according to the mode of operation. For glioblastomas, patients treated with biopsy and post-operative radiation therapy indicated higher survival rate of 6.3% in 5-year survival than the patients with biopsy and no radiation, 3.0% of 5-year survival rates (P less than 0.01 by Chi-square test). On the other hand, patients treated with 95%-100% removal by operation with or without radiation therapy showed 67.2% (with), 32.1% (without) in 1 year survival; 37.2%, 23.1% in 2 year survival; 27.1%, 20.0% in 3 year survival; 22.5%, 20.2% in 4 year survival and 20.4% and 19.4% in 5-year survival rates, respectively (P less than 0.05 by Chi-square test). Tentative TNM classification proposed by Japan to UICC was also discussed briefly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Changes in the characteristics and survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma from 1976 to 2000: analysis of 1365 patients in a single institution in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The authors analyzed changes in the characteristics and survival rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the past 25 years. METHODS: Trends in clinical characteristics and survival rate of patients with HCC were evaluated retrospectively based on data from 1365 patients who were diagnosed, treated, and followed between 1976 and 2000. RESULTS: Between 1976-1995, the number of patients with smaller tumors, a less advanced tumor stage, and with a lower Child-Pugh class increased markedly. No differences were observed in the distributions of these three factors between the periods 1991-1995 and 1996-2000. The year of HCC diagnosis, tumor size, tumor stage, Child-Pugh class, and the kind of initial treatment received correlated significantly with patient survival rates by multivariate analysis. The year of HCC diagnosis was found to contribute independently to the improvement in patient survival rates. Using the Kaplan-Meier comparison, the time periods during which the highest patient survival rates occurred were found to be 1991-1995/1996-2000, 1986-1990, and 1976-1985, in that order. The authors did not observe a difference with regard to survival rates between patients in the 1991-1995 and 1996-2000 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of patients with HCC changed dramatically from 1976 to 1995 (but not in the past 10 years) toward the earlier detection of HCC. This contributed to the improvement noted in patient survival rates during this period. The year of HCC diagnosis was found to be an independent factor for the improved survival rates by multivariate analysis. This indicated that the progress of treatment and care for patients with HCC contributed to the annual improvement in patient survival rates.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1992

Survival rates for childhood malignancies in Slovakia.

Survival rates (SR) for population-based series of 1564 cases of cancer in children aged 0-14, diagnosed during the decade 1978-1987 in Slovakia and derived from the National Cancer Registry, were examined. The overall 5-year SR (all types of childhood malignancies combined) was 49.8%. Different SR were ascertained for leukemias -43.8%, lymphomas -59.1%, CNS tumors -42.7% and for other remaining diagnostic groups and subgroups of childhood malignancies. Generally, the SR were slightly better for girls than for boys. Cancer patients being diagnosed during the first two years of age showed worse prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of 36.8% as compared to 52.6% for children aged 2-14 at diagnosis. Differences in 5-year survival were also found between urban and rural areas: 56.8% and 48.8%, respectively. The 5-year SR increased during the study period from 48.5% for 1978-1982 to 50.0% for 1983-1987. Comparison of SR from Slovakia with the corresponding rates observed recently in some developed countries indicated possibilities to improve prognosis of childhood malignancies in this country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Hospital survival rates of patients with acute respiratory failure in modern respiratory intensive care units. An international, multicenter, prospective survey.

An international, multicenter, prospective survey has been conducted to determine the hospital survival rates of patients with potentially reversible acute respiratory failure (ARF) who are managed in sophisticated intensive care units by leading critical care specialists, using current (1991 to 1992) support and treatment techniques and protocols. Twenty-five clinical centers participated in the survey, 11 in the United States and 14 in Europe. A total of 1,426 patients with ARF were studied, all of whom had been receiving closed system positive pressure mechanical ventilation at an FIo2 of at least 0.50 for at least 24 h at the time of entry into the survey. Of the survey patients, 793 (55.6%) survived their hospitalization, while 633 (44.4%) died in the hospital. The 1,426 patients with ARF were prospectively divided into two groups: group A, containing 375 patients, who at the time of entry into the study were hypoxemic or hypercarbic while receiving mechanical ventilator assistance; and group B, containing 1,051 patients, who at the time of entry into the study were neither hypoxemic nor hypercarbic while receiving mechanical ventilator support at an FIo2 of 0.50 or greater. Hospital survival rate for group A patients was 33.3% and for group B patients it was 63.6%. Survival rates were higher in patients with ARF caused by pneumonia (63%) or post shock lung injury (67%) and lower in patients with ARF caused by sepsis (46%). Severity of lung injury at the time of entry into the survey was a major prognostic factor, varying from an 18% hospital survival rate for patients with ARF with far advanced lung injury to a survival rate of 67% for patients with ARF with less severe lung injury. Low survival rates (< 20%) were seen if mechanical ventilator FIo2 was 0.80 to 1.0, while 50% of the patients with ARF survived hospitalization whose FIo2 at entry was 0.50. Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) > 50 cm H2O at entry into the survey was associated with survival rate of less than 20%, while PIP < 30 cm H2O was associated with survival rate of 60%. Shorter periods of mechanical ventilation (< 48 h) of group A patients before entering the survey were associated with higher survival rates (38%) than patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 2 weeks (30%). Patients with ARF with multiorgan failure had lower survival rates (10%) than those with pulmonary dysfunction alone (45%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

[Risk factors affecting the survival rate in serious multiple trauma patients associated with acute lung injure/acute respiratory distress syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate risk factors affecting the survival rate in serious multiple traumatic patients associated with acute lung injure (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: The clinical data of 76 serious multiple trauma patients associated with ALI and 95 cases in ARDS, totally 171 patients associated with ALI/ARDS, were retrospectively studied, and stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to analyze 20 possible risk factors affecting survival rate. RESULTS: The risk factors affecting survival rate in the ALI group: included smoking (B = -5.235, OR = 0.005, P = 0.001), sepsis secondary to trauma (B = -2.753, OR = 0.064, P = 0.031), and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (B = -2.876, OR = 0.056, P = 0.033). The risk factors affecting survival rate in the ARDS group included the time of induction factor persisting to attacking (B = 3.524, OR = 33.933, P = 0.008), sepsis secondary to trauma (B = -5.183, OR = 0.006, P = 0.004); renal insufficiency(B = -4.745, OR = 0.009, P = 0.009), and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (B = -6.335, OR = 0.002, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Different from the results of study of traditional risk factors affecting survival rate in ALI/ARDS, this study reveals that smoking may be an independent risk factor; the earlier ALI/ARDS appears, the lower the predictable survival rate in condition of serious multiple trauma; MODS is easily induced in the course of complicating renal insufficiency during the time of lung injury; sepsis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage are still the infective factors or infection inducing factors affecting the survival rate after trauma; and the primary disease causing infection must be treated actively.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Use of period analysis for providing more up-to-date estimates of long-term survival rates: empirical evaluation among 370,000 cancer patients in Finland.

BACKGROUND: Providing up-to-date estimates of cancer patient survival rates is an important task of cancer registries. A few years ago, a new method of survival analysis, denoted period analysis, was proposed to enhance the recency of long-term survival estimates. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive empirical evaluation of the use of this method. METHODS: Using data from the nationwide Finnish Cancer Registry, we compare 5-year and 10-year relative survival rates of 371 849 patients diagnosed with one of the 16 most common forms of cancer in Finland at various time intervals between 1953 and 1992 with the most up-to-date estimates of 5-year or 10-year relative survival that might have been obtained in those time intervals by traditional methods of survival analysis and by period analysis of survival. RESULTS: Survival rates strongly increased over time for most forms of cancer. For these cancers, traditional estimates of 5- and 10-year survival rates would have severely lagged behind the survival rates later observed for newly diagnosed patients, and period analysis would consistently have provided much more up-to-date estimates of survival rates. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that period analysis should be implemented as a standard tool for providing up-to-date estimates of long-term survival rates by cancer registries.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Survival rates for horses undergoing stapled small intestinal anastomosis: 84 cases (1988-1997).

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether location and type of small intestinal anastomosis and other variables were associated with short- and long-term survival rates in horses undergoing stapled small intestinal anastomosis. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 84 horses that underwent small intestinal anastomosis. PROCEDURE: Medical records from 1988 to 1997 were examined for horses that underwent stapled small intestinal anastomosis. Horses were allotted into 4 groups: jejunojejunostomy (n = 27), jejunoileostomy (11), jejunoileocecostomy with small intestinal resection (20), and jejunoileocecostomy without small intestinal resection (26). Survival rates and other variables were determined. RESULTS: Horses that underwent jejunoileocecostomy without resection had a significantly higher survival rate at all intervals than did horses in the other 3 groups. At 180 and 365 days after surgery, horses that underwent jejunojejunostomy had a significantly lower survival rate than those that underwent jejunoileocecostomy with intestinal resection. Horses that underwent jejunoileocecostomy with intestinal resection had a significantly higher survival rate at 1 year, compared with the combined jejunojejunostomy and jejunoileostomy groups. Preoperative heart rate was inversely associated with survival rate. Overall survival rates at discharge and 1 year were 81 and 56%, respectively. For horses that underwent small intestinal resection, survival rates at discharge and 1 year were 65 and 47%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses that underwent anastomosis of the small intestine to the cecum without resection had the highest survival rate, compared with horses that required intestinal resection. In some instances, resection and anastomosis involving the cecum had better prognosis than resections involving 2 segments of the small intestine.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2007

Temporal and spatial variation in age-specific survival rates of a long-lived mammal, the Hawaiian monk seal.

Estimates of variability in pinniped survival rates are generally based on observations at single sites, so it is not certain whether observed rates represent the whole population. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of spatio-temporal variation in age-specific survival rates for endangered Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) based on capture-recapture analyses of more than 85% of the pups weaned in this population over the last two decades. Uniquely, these data have been collected from six subpopulations, encompassing all major breeding sites across its 1800 km long core range. Analyses of individual subpopulations revealed similar patterns in age-specific survival, characterized by the relatively low survival rates from weaning to 2 years of age, intermediate rates to 4 years of age, and then by relatively high 'mature' survival rates until 17 years of age, after which a senescent decline was observed. Juvenile, subadult and adult survival rates all varied significantly over time. Trends in survival among subpopulations were coherent with their relative geographical positions, suggesting regional structuring and connectedness within the archipelago. Survival rates for different age classes tended to be positively correlated, suggesting that similar factors may influence the survival for seals of all ages.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Survival rates of childhood cancer patients in Osaka, Japan, 1975-1984.

Survival rates for childhood cancers were analyzed with a total of 2,209 cases who were registered in a population-based cancer registry in Osaka, Japan in 1975-1984. These cases were reclassified according to Birch's classification and the survival rate of each diagnostic group was calculated by Kaplan-Meier methods. Death certificate-only cases, which amounted to 3.9% of all incidence, were excluded from the calculation. The five-year cumulative survival rate for both sexes was 46% for all cancer children. Among 12 major diagnostic groups, the most favorable survival was seen in retinoblastoma (87.5%), followed by renal tumors, epithelial neoplasms, and gonadal and germ-cell tumors. The outcome was unfavorable in leukemias, sympathetic nervous system tumors, hepatic tumors and malignant bone tumors. Comparing the survival in 1975-1979 with that in 1980-1984, the rate for all childhood cancer rose from 41% to 51%. Improvement in survival was also observed in 4 groups; acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and osteosarcoma. One attributable factor for the rise of survival was proved to be improvement of medical treatment by Cox's hazard model analysis. Comparison of survival rates in Osaka with those in England and the U.S. revealed that the prognosis for acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia was less favorable in Osaka than in England and the U.S.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Lung cancer: survival rate differences in Danish counties. Survival analysis of 33.838 patients during the period 1984-1998].

INTRODUCTION: The quality of care for Nordic cancer patients has been considered to be low in Denmark. Our quality problem was believed to be caused by the structure of our secondary health care. But there may be other explanations for the poor survival in Denmark, and the comparison with the other Nordic countries may be flawed by confounding factors, such as smoking habits and spread of cancer at the time of diagnosis. We therefore, analysed differences in regional survival after diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung in Denmark to look for signs of similar flaws. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample from the National Cancer Registry of all cases of carcinoma of the lung, diagnosed in 1984-1995. Persons older than 80 were excluded. Age and spread of cancer were included in a Cox analysis. RESULTS: Survival was dependent on residence. Within the first five months of diagnosis, survival was significantly poorer in Copenhagen City and better in the counties of Aarhus, Aalborg, and Viborg. At five months, the differences had diminished and only the counties of Fyn and Sønderjylland differed from the nationel average in a negative way. DISCUSSION: Better results were achieved than previously expected in some Danish counties. Interpretation of the Nordic results should be more critical and include possible confounders, such as smoking and spread of cancer at diagnosis. The Danish problem with cancer may be because of the delay of patient and doctor in the primary health care, together with an extreme life-style, including too much urban life and tobacco smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Low survival rate after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a county hospital.

BACKGROUND: The standard of practice in hospitals in the United States is to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on all patients who suffer a cardiac arrest unless a specific order has been written to the contrary. In recent decades, however, data showing a low rate of survival to discharge under certain conditions have accumulated, leading some to question this policy. The objective of this study was to examine variables predictive of patient survival following cardiopulmonary resuscitation using standardized methods of measuring severity of illness. METHODS: All patients were identified who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the medicine service at Los Angeles County (California) Hospital from August 15, 1990, to February 15, 1991. Severity of illness was evaluated by examining diagnosis, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and organ system failure. Cases were followed up prospectively until death or hospital discharge, and data concerning post-arrest mental status, utilization of resources, and disposition were gathered. RESULTS: Of the 131 patients identified, 22 patients (16.8%) survived for 24 hours but died before discharge; only four patients (3.1%) survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in some settings (eg, institutions that are for sick patients under conditions where monitoring is limited because of scarcity of resources), survival after full cardiopulmonary arrest may be even lower than previously documented.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Characterization of 24-hour survival rate and duration of survival of hydroxyethyl starch cryopreserved erythrocytes after autologous transfusion in the dog].

BACKGROUND: Cryopreservation of erythrocytes using hydroxyethyl starch (HES) as cryoprotecting additive could result in a nearly unlimited storage stability of preserved red cells. In addition, it would allow its immediate use for transfusion. In order to assess the therapeutic efficacy of erythrocytes cryopreserved with HES, their 24-hour post-transfusion survival and long-term survival was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiments were carried out with dog erythrocytes as an animal model for human erythrocytes. To each of 6 German shepherd dogs a 15-ml sample of erythrocyte suspension, labeled with 51Cr (25 microCi) after thawing, was autologously injected. Caused by hemolysis 29% of the formerly cryopreserved erythrocytes have not been labeled. To each of 6 control animals 15 ml of a suspension of freshly drawn and 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes was injected. The 51Cr radioactivity in later taken blood samples was a measure for the number of injected erythrocytes having remained in the circulation until the moment of blood withdrawal. The effect of cryopreservation was assessed by comparison of the test group with the control group. RESULTS: In both groups 30% of the applied cells left the circulation within 30 min. This was effected by pharmacological enlargement of the dogs' spleen and not by hemolysis of the erythrocytes. After the first 24 h all of the cryopreserved labeled erythrocytes had survived to the same amount (> 95%) as the labeled fresh red cells. Between 12 h and 20 days after injection, in both groups the 51Cr activity decreased exponentially by 4.8 and 4.5%/d. This difference was not significant. The area under the curve amounted to 1253 and 1257% d, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There exists a subpopulation of red cells that is destroyed by freezing stress. As a result the freed stroma would be a serious transfusion risk. All erythrocytes having survived the cryopreservation procedure resemble the fresh erythrocytes with regard to the in-vivo survival; their therapeutic efficacy is not impaired. In the context of in-vitro results with human erythrocytes it can be expected that at the present developmental state of the cryopreservation procedure at least 93% of the human erythrocytes cryopreserved with HES have a normal 24-hour and long-term post-transfusion survival.

Animals↗