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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Efficacy Endpoints Conference on Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplantation: summary report of the database.

An international database of rejection episodes and their characteristics with regard to definition and follow-up parameters was developed to improve the approach to protocol development for clinical trials. Nineteen North American, European, and Australian centers uniformly reported on 50 consecutive transplant rejection episodes. Data collected included patient demographic parameters, induction and maintenance immunosuppression therapies, rejection agents (drug, dose, duration), clinical signs (50% decrease in urine, fever), serum creatinine (nadir, at rejection, daily during antirejection therapy to 15 days, and days 30, 90, 180, and 365 after rejection date), histopathological findings, morbidity, recurrence of rejection, and function at 1 year. The centers contributed a total of 953 presumed rejection episodes, of which 842 were confirmed as acute rejection episodes. The majority of cases were first rejections (81%), and rejection occurred 119 +/- 345 days following transplantation. The Banff Schema of histological grading was used in 38% of biopsy-proven rejection episodes (2% Borderline, 42% Grade I, 38% Grade II, 18% Grade III). Only 30% of all rejections showed clinical signs that were most likely to occur in Grade III rejection episodes (P < 0.006). The serum creatinine response was well below the rejection creatinine level by day 15 following initiation of antirejection therapy in the majority of cases. A significant number of the cases (34%) reported in this database experienced a recurrent rejection approximately 85 days following the first rejection. Graft survival 1 year following the rejection episode was good (83%). These findings will facilitate development of clinical trial design and beneficially impact approaches to antirejection therapies for kidney allograft recipients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

The relationship of asthma therapy and Churg-Strauss syndrome: NIH workshop summary report.

The Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a distinct form of vasculitis that is notable for its eosinophilia and frequent associations with asthma and sinusitis. Because there has been an increasing recognition that CSS can develop in patients with asthma and that CSS might be associated with specific asthma treatments, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Office of Rare Diseases, National Institutes of Health, and the US Food and Drug Administration jointly sponsored a workshop to consider interrelationships among CSS, asthma, and asthma therapeutics and to assess what is known about underlying mechanisms of CSS. Issues related to the criteria for defining and diagnosing CSS were reviewed, including the contemporary understanding that diagnostic biopsies need only reveal eosinophilic perivascular infiltrates and that asthma need not be present when CSS develops. From published reports and reports to the US Food and Drug Administration, treatment of patients with asthma with any of 3 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, and inhaled corticosteroids has been associated with CSS development. It is unknown whether these agents were eliciting CSS. A variety of physiologic and study design issues might lead to the reported associations of these drugs with CSS. Because many asthma patients receiving these therapies were able to diminish their systemic corticosteroid therapy, it is possible that incipient CSS was unmasked by lessened steroid use. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of CSS, however, are unknown, and there is no means of identifying which patients with asthma might be at risk for CSS. Accordingly, investigations with the goals of defining the underlying pathophysiologic processes of CSS and establishing the relationships of asthma and its therapies to CSS are needed.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research methods for illegal drug use in hidden populations: summary report of a European invited expert meeting.

An Invited European Expert Group Meeting was held in Rotterdam that focused on research methods for hidden populations using illicit drugs. Experts from most European Community member states participated and contributed state-of-the-art presentations on various research methodologies. Attention was paid to the more quantitatively oriented research methods, such as surveys using questionnaires, interviews, and routine statistics from treatment and criminal justice as well as to more ethnographically oriented research methodologies. Recommendations were formulated for the near future: research methodology needs to meet all the classical methodological criteria, such as clear definitions, tests on reliability and validity, and clear sampling procedures. Interfacing methods is the key phrase. More quantitatively oriented methods, such as interviewing a random sample from a household survey, seem unsuitable for research on illicit drugs, except perhaps for the use of cannabis. A multifactorial problem, such as illicit drug use and related problems, should be approached in a multidisciplinary way; that is, the integration of different research methodologies. Comparability between individual research projects in different countries requires not only technical adjustments of the data, but also a "framework for communication." Data always need to be interpreted in terms of cultural context. A similar framework should enhance studies with respect to comparison of drug policies and their consequences in different cities or countries.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed2005

Emerging metallo-beta-lactamase-mediated resistances: a summary report from the worldwide SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program.

The rates of occurrence of metallo-beta-lactamase-mediated resistances in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, and Serratia marcescens, among other gram-negative bacilli, have escalated since 2000, severely limiting treatment options in Asia, Europe, and Latin America to non-beta-lactam antimicrobial classes. Clinical isolates harboring metallo-beta-lactamases have also recently been reported in western Canada and in Texas, signaling the need for development of accurate diagnostic tests by clinical laboratories to detect their presence and for new, and more potent, antimicrobial agents.

Acinetobacter↗