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PubMed1999

[Evaluation of a program designed to develop social competence in kindergarten children].

This paper presents an evaluation of the implementation and impact of a program promoting social competence among kindergarten children. This program was conducted experimentally in 8 schools (10 classrooms, n = 165) in Montreal; 5 classrooms (n = 74) from 5 other schools formed the control group. Analysis of the impact reveals significant gains in self-esteem and conflict resolution skills in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, there was no significant change in pro-sociality and social withdrawal. Finally, an unexpected result was found in the area of boys' aggression. Analysis of the implementation indicates that teachers found the program's activities easy to use and adapt. In addition, great diversity in the utilization of these activities was observed. These results lead to areas of discussion concerning: (a) the links between gains realized by children and the emphasis teachers place on some aspects of the program; (b) the development of social competence among preschoolers; (c) the evaluation of the this type of program.

Aggression↗
PubMed2004

Why do some individuals develop social phobia? A review with emphasis on the neurobiological influences.

Social phobia, or social anxiety disorder, is now considered the most common anxiety disorder. Still, the etiology of the disorder is to an essential degree unknown. This paper presents an overview of various pathways to be considered in relation to the development of social phobia. The literature concerning genetics and family aggregation, behavioral inhibition, various forms of the learning account, and neurobiological influences was examined. The reviewed studies suggest that social phobia has a neuroanatomical basis in a highly sensitive fear network centered in the amygdaloid-hippocampal region, i.e. "the alarm system" of the brain, and encompassing the prefrontal cortex. This pattern is congruent with genetic studies proposing that the genetic component comprises a general vulnerability to fearfulness rather than to social phobia itself. Further, both family and twin studies support a hereditary contribution to social phobia resulting from genetic and environmental factors, which most likely operate in an interactive way rather than acting in isolation.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1992

Thresholds of quality: implications for the social development of children in center-based child care.

We assessed the quality of center child care relationships with adults and peers for 414 children (ages 14 to 54 months). Classrooms were classified by ratio and group size provisions of the Federal Interagency Day Care Requirements (FIDCR) and by the Early Childhood and Infant and Toddler Environmental Rating Scales. Children cared for in classrooms meeting FIDCR ratios were more likely to be in classrooms rated as good or very good in caregiving and activities. Children in classrooms rated as good or very good in caregiving were more likely to be securely attached to teachers. Securely attached children were more competent with peers. Children cared for in classrooms meeting FIDCR group size were more likely to be in classrooms rated higher in activities. Children in classrooms rated high in activities were likely to orient to both adults and peers. Children with social orientations to adults and peers were more competent with peers.

Child Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social development.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.

Human beings can be proactive and engaged or, alternatively, passive and alienated, largely as a function of the social conditions in which they develop and function. Accordingly, research guided by self-determination theory has focused on the social-contextual conditions that facilitate versus forestall the natural processes of self-motivation and healthy psychological development. Specifically, factors have been examined that enhance versus undermine intrinsic motivation, self-regulation, and well-being. The findings have led to the postulate of three innate psychological needs--competence, autonomy, and relatedness--which when satisfied yield enhanced self-motivation and mental health and when thwarted lead to diminished motivation and well-being. Also considered is the significance of these psychological needs and processes within domains such as health care, education, work, sport, religion, and psychotherapy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

The ambiguous role of alcohol in economic and social development.

An increased and industrialized alcohol supply in a developing society is usually assumed to have positive effects on economic development, although it may be recognized that the effects on public health and order will be negative. There has been little attention to the potential for negative effects on the economic side. This paper directs attention to such factors as unemployment for cottage producers (often female heads of household) and reduced industrial employment as highly-automated "turnkey" brewers are installed. On the other hand, changes in the mode of production of alcoholic beverages may have little impact on the much larger work-force involved in serving or selling alcohol in retail trade. The net contribution of an increased and industrialized alcohol supply in terms of economic development is unclear, but industrialization and development bring with them increased demands for attention and sobriety, e.g. in motorized traffic and on the production line, which increased drinking may undercut. Decisions by international development agencies on investment in alcohol production and distribution should take account of both the positive and negative impacts on economic development as well as on public health. In line with this, the World Bank has recently decided to invest in alcohol industry projects only when there is a strong positive development impact and the project is "consistent with public health issues and social policy concerns".

Alcoholic Beverages↗