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Results for “Social Behavior Disorders”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Can staff training reduce behavioural problems in residential care for the elderly mentally ill?

The effect of a brief in-service training programme on the psychosocial management of behavioural disturbance in residential care is described. Although the incidence of problematic behaviour did not change 3 months after training, staff in the experimental homes reported a significant improvement in their management of problematic behaviour, as compared to the control home. However, these effects were not maintained a year later. The importance of post-training supervision and the sociocultural context of the home in the maintenance of psychosocial intervention in residential settings is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Descriptive functional analysis of behavioral excesses shown by adults with Down syndrome and dementia.

OBJECTIVES: The study examined the hypothesis that a functional relationship exists between social environmental events and behavioral excesses in individuals with Down syndrome and dementia. DESIGN: A case-series design was employed (n = 4) using an direct observation-based descriptive functional assessment procedure. METHODS: Observations were conducted in the natural environments of four participants over periods ranging from 11 to 15.4 hours. Data were collected on non-verbal and verbal behavioral excesses, appropriate engagement and verbal interaction with others. Social environmental events observed including both staff and peer behavior. RESULTS: Analysis of co-occurrence for behavioral excesses and social environmental events indicated significant relationships for some behaviours consistent with operant reinforcement processes. Sequential analysis showed that changes in the probability of social contact occurred in the period directly preceding and following verbal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the hypothesis that, consistent with literature for older adults with dementia in the general population, some behavioral excesses were functional in nature and not randomly occurring events. No relationship was found between appropriate engagement and staff contact. Evidence of the functional nature of target behavioral excesses indicates that behavioral interventions have potential for this client group.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[A survey of the psychosocial situation of homeless men in Frankfurt am Main].

In a current field-study a sample of 71 homeless men (mean age 35.4 years) was investigated with a semi-standardized interview. Sociodemographically, a low education level, a high unemployment rate and low income were noted. The income was gained mainly through regular social welfare support. Mostly unmarried and without children, the participants seldom lived in a stable partnership during their life. Psychosocial conflicts (59.2%) were one of the most important causes for homelessness at an average age of 28.1 years. Interpersonal conflicts, release from jail and loss of job were the most frequently reported causes of current homelessness. 42.3% had been treated in psychiatric hospitals in the past, the majority because of alcoholism. In summary the current findings indicate that homeless men experience social isolation early during their maturation and that the frequency of psychiatric disorders is high.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The use of a brief movement restriction procedure to eliminate severe inappropriate behavior.

The effect of a brief movement restriction (BMR) procedure on the maladaptive behavior of two severely mentally retarded persons was evaluated using a multiple baseline research design. Following a functional analysis of the maladaptive behaviors, baseline data were collected on the frequency of smearing in a six year old boy and the frequency of aggression-destruction and stereotypic behavior in a 24 year old man. Following the baseline period a treatment package that included reinforcement for alternative behavior and BMR were first introduced for feces smearing. After feces smearing had shown a reduction with the first client the treatment package was introduced for aggression and destruction with the second client. After aggression and destruction had been reduced, the treatment package was added for stereotypy. The treatment package completely eliminated each of the target behaviors and they remained absent during a long follow-up period.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Psychotropic drug use in older developmentally disabled with behavioral difficulties.

Use of psychotropic medications with elders who are mentally retarded is a very common procedure. However, patterns of medication usage in this group are not easily determined. Objectives were to explore relationships between prescribed psychotropic treatments, the types of reported behavioral difficulties, and the size/type of living settings where these difficulties were exhibited. Subjects were moderately mentally retarded elders who were living in Congregate and Group care settings who were observed and rated by caretakers using a standard behavior rating instrument. Comprehensive medical (drug) and demographic data was obtained on each person. The study revealed that psychotropic use was more frequent in congregate care settings for these older clients. Those more elderly demonstrated a tendency toward higher utilization. Little differences were evident in the general characteristics (sex, IQ, reality orientation) of elders living in the two settings despite differences in drug use rates. Future research needs to focus on differences in behavior problems and setting factors to more fully understand drug utilization rates in elders with mental retardation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Descriptive analysis of multiple response topographies of challenging behavior across two settings.

Time-based lag sequential analyses were conducted on 23 topographies of challenging behavior shown by five young people with severe mental retardation across two settings. Potential behavioural functions were identified for 21 of the 23 behaviors. Responses classes, including two or more distinct behaviors, were identified for four of the five participants. Two participants showed evidence of two functionally distinct response classes; for one person each response class included both self-injurious and stereotypic behaviors. For 9 of the 11 behaviors for which data were available, the hypothesised function of behaviors was consistent across settings. For one person, data suggested that the function of one self-injurious behavior was contextually determined. Cross-validation with brief experimental analyses resulted in agreement on the general behavioral function for 12 of the 14 instances in which both approaches positively identified a potential function for a behavior. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Emotional/behavioural, social correlates and one-year predictors of frequent pains among early adolescents: influences of pain characteristics.

In a one-year longitudinal study, emotional/behavioural correlates and predictors of four common pain complaints (headaches, stomach, back and limb pain), were examined in a representative school sample of 2360 adolescents aged 12- to 15-years. At first assessment, 18.3% reported being bothered by a frequent pain (at least once a week) and 40% of the pain sufferers had two or more pain locations, more commonly reported by girls. Subjects having any of the four frequent pains reported having fewer friends and were more often absent from school. Frequency and number of reported pains among adolescents were positively related to levels of internalising and externalising problems. These latter problems were consistently and significantly higher among adolescents with frequent back and limb pains, however, when coexistence of another frequent pain was controlled, differences were small. Number of pains at the one-year follow-up was significantly predicted by frequent back pain and headache, depressive symptoms scores, somatic complaints (other than pain), number of friends and reduced leisure time activities during the follow-up period. Frequent back pain and depressive symptoms also predicted multiple frequent pains (vs single frequent pain) at the follow-up as did recent parental divorce. It is concluded that various emotional and behavioural problems, and which are commonly regarded as being specifically related to pain type or location among adolescents, depend rather on frequency and coexistence of multiple frequent pains. Assessment of adolescents with frequent and multiple pains should, therefore, include broad screening of internalising as well as externalising problems as well as various aspects of impairment.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2004

Anger expression and essential hypertension: behavioral response to confrontation.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the range of anger-expressive behaviors and social competencies among essential hypertensive patients. METHODS: Behavioral reactions to both neutral and anger-evoking role-play interactions were measured in 26 hypertensive and 15 normotensive patients. Social behaviors were assessed using self-report measures of anger expression, assertiveness, self- and other-ratings of social competence and behavioral measures of anger expression observed during role-play interactions. RESULTS: Hypertensive patients showed less eye contact, used fewer positive assertive statements and were rated as being less assertive during confrontational role-play scenarios than normotensive controls. Hypertensive patients also exhibited higher pulse pressure reactions to confrontation than normotensives, particularly hypertensive patients who expressed anger overtly. CONCLUSION: Essential hypertension is associated with specific social skill deficits that are only apparent during the assertive expression of anger.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects on stereotypy and other challenging behavior of matching rates of instruction to free-operant rates of responding.

Research has shown that when individuals are in situations that do not occasion one form of motoric responding, they will engage in another so that the overall level of motoric responding is homeostatic. The purpose of this study was to test whether students would substitute task-related behaviors for stereotypic or other challenging behaviors when the opportunity for active responding did or did not match the level of motoric responding in a free-operant baseline. Four students with mental retardation participated. Results showed that they did substitute behaviors, with stereotypic and other challenging behaviors occurring 1.5-14 times as much in the Non-matched condition for the four students. Further analysis showed considerably more of these behaviors in passive than in active tasks (by a factor up to 21 times as much). Results were discussed in terms of homeostasis, functional assessment, and opportunities to improve educational behaviors.

Attention↗
PubMed1996

Staff strategies and explanations for intervening with challenging behaviours.

Behavioural models identify the actions of others as an important factor in the development and maintenance of challenging behaviours. In the present study, 109 care staff were asked about their immediate and longer-term intervention strategies for a fictitious young man's challenging behaviour. Staff descriptions of long-term interventions were largely consistent with the aims of psychological interventions. However, their immediate intervention strategies were similar to the counter-habilitative strategies identified in previous observational and self-report research. The implications of these results for models of staff behaviour, staff training, the design of behavioural programmes and future research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Diogenes' syndrome in patients with intellectual disability: 'a rose by any other name'?

Diogenes' syndrome is characterized by marked self-neglect, domestic squalor, social withdrawal and hoarding of rubbish (syllogomania). The syndrome has been reported to occur in association with a wide variety of conditions, but the present authors were unable to find any previous reports of Diogenes' syndrome in patients with intellectual disability.

Activities of Daily Living↗