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PubMedDate not supplied

Trihalomethane concentrations in swimmers' and bath attendants' blood and urine after swimming or working in indoor swimming pools.

The influence of working or swimming in indoor swimming pools on the concentrations of four trihalomethanes (haloforms) in blood and urine was investigated. Different groups (bath attendants, agonistic swimmers, normal swimmers, sampling person) were compared. The proportions of trihalomethanes in blood and urine correlated roughly with those in water and ambient air. Higher levels of physical activity were correlated with higher concentrations. Within one night after exposure in the pool the blood concentrations usually were reduced to the pre-exposure values. Secretion of trichloromethane in urine was found to be less than 10%.

Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane↗
PubMed1978

Swimming capacity of mice after prolonged treatment with psychostimulants. I. Effects of caffeine on swimming performance and cold stress.

A comparative study of the effects of a single dose of caffeine (50 microgram/g s.c.) and of 6-weeks treatment with 150 microgram/g p.o. caffeine/day on swimming capacity and resistance to cold exposure was performed in mice. In contrast to acute treatment, chronic treatment with caffeine greatly reduced the swimming capacity and diminished the ability of the animals to withstand cold stress. It could be shown by indirect means that the detrimental effect of the prolonged treatment with caffeine was not due to an accumulation of toxic levels of caffeine. Motor coordination was unaffected. There was no deficiency of metabolic substrates, since glycogen, and fat stores, and blood glucose, and fatty acid levels were not lower than in control animals. It is proposed that caffeine may interfere with the animals' ability to mobilize and spend metabolic substrates for energy requirements of skeletal muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of swimming in asthmatic children--participants in a swimming program in the city of Baltimore.

Forty-five asthmatic children were enrolled in a swimming program in Baltimore. After participating in a 2-month swimming session, the children showed significant improvement in all clinical variables including symptoms, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and school absenteeism compared with their previous medical history or to those of age-matched controls. These health benefits continued to be observed even 12 months after the session had been completed. The implications of these findings and the potential usefulness of adding sports programs as adjunct therapy in the comprehensive care of asthma in children are discussed.

Asthma↗
PubMed1984

[Drowning, swimming pool death and other emergencies related to swimming].

In the Federal Republic of Germany, some 700 people drown every year. Of particular importance is the so-called swimming bath black-out that occurs while swimming under water, which must always be avoidable when the causes are known and appropriate precautionary measures taken. Of life-saving importance in a case of drowning is the rapid and proper use of first aid. The severe pulmonary injury induced by freshwater or salt water aspiration urgently requires the treatment of the victim in an intensive care unit of a hospital, even after successful resuscitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Comparing the Multi-ZSC one-step standardized swim-up method to the double-wash swim-up method with regard to the effects of sperm separation on morphology, head morphometry, and acrosome reaction inducibility.

The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of the new Multi-ZSC system on human sperm separation compared with the commonly used double-wash swim-up method. It was found that the double-wash swim-up method selects sperm with better head morphometry and acrosome reaction inducibility than the upper fractions of the Multi-ZSC.

Cell Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1993

Modulation of swimming behavior in the medicinal leech. II. Ionic conductances underlying serotonergic modulation of swim-gating cell 204.

In the previous paper we showed that serotonin had several effects on the electrical properties of swim-gating neurons (cells 204) of the leech. These included membrane potential depolarization, induction of a sag voltage response, and enhancement of rebound responses. Here we investigate the ionic basis of these changes by comparing responses of cell 204 to injected current pulses in experimental salines containing modified concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, or Cl-. Our data indicate that serotonin modulates multiple conductances in cell 204. However, most effects of serotonin can be explained by enhancement of two Na(+)-dependent conductances, a Cs(+)-sensitive cation conductance (gh) and a persistent Na+ conductance (gNaS). Both conductances contribute to the resting potential depolarization and increased amplitude of postinhibitory rebound responses induced by serotonin. In addition, enhanced gh underlies a sag potential elicited by hyperpolarizing current pulses in serotonin-treated cells. Hyperpolarizing rebound responses following depolarizing current pulses are composed of Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent components, both of which are enhanced by serotonin. Activation of an electrogenic Na+/K+ pump may underlie the prolonged Na(+)-dependent component. The Na(+)-independent component decays within 1 s and may be produced by a voltage- or Ca(2+)-activated K+ conductance.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A prospective study of swimming-related illness. I. Swimming-associated health risk.

During the summer of 1980, both swimmers and nonswimmers were enlisted in a prospective epidemiological study to determine the relationship between swimming, water quality, and the incidence of illness. Results of 4,537 telephone follow-up interviews showed that crude morbidity rates were 69.6 per 1,000 swimmers versus 29.5 per 1,000 nonswimmers. Swimmers experienced respiratory ailments most frequently, followed by gastrointestinal, eye, ear, skin, and allergenic symptoms, respectively.

Adolescent↗