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PubMed1996

HLA DQA1 and Polymarker validations for forensic casework: standard specimens, reproducibility, and mixed specimens.

This study describes the testing performed by the Minnesota Forensic Science Laboratory (MFSL) to validate the Amplitype DQA1 and Amplitype Polymarker (PM) PCR Amplification and Typing Kits before implementation for casework. All studies were based on the analysis of mock forensic case samples, which were assembled from various biological samples from individuals at the MFSL. To address the validation of standard specimens, DNA was isolated from semen, vaginal secretions, saliva, urine, and blood samples. Typing results from all tissues from a particular individual yielded the same typing results using both the DQA1 and PM systems. Reproducibility between laboratories was evaluated by having duplicate samples analyzed by a second laboratory. The Roche Biomedical Laboratories (RBL) were sent a duplicate set of mock cases and all analyses including extraction, quantitation, amplification, and typing were performed at the RBL using their established testing procedures. All typing results for both laboratories, from the approximate 30 single source samples analyzed, were in agreement. Mixed specimens were evaluated by examining the results obtained from semen/vaginal, semen/saliva, semen/blood, semen/ urine, and semen/vaginal/blood mixtures. All typing results of these mixtures for both laboratories were in agreement. It was determined that by incorporating a wash step of the sperm cell pellet, a complete separation of the nonsperm cell fraction was more likely to be attained. After completing the above studies, as well as population studies, environmental insult studies, and proficiency testing, the MFSL determined that both kits were suitable for use on forensic casework.

DNA↗

PubMed1998

Protocol for the examination of specimens removed from patients with gastric carcinoma: a basis for checklists. Members of the Cancer Committee, College of American Pathologists, and the Task Force for Protocols on the Examination of Specimens From Patients With Gastric Cancer.

A protocol for the pathologic examination and reporting of specimens from patients with gastric carcinoma has been developed by the Cancer Committee of the College of American Pathologists and a multidisciplinary task force of specialists dealing with patients with gastric carcinoma. The protocol incorporates all basic pathology data of diagnostic and prognostic significance appropriate for the treatment of patients with gastric carcinoma. The purpose of the protocol is to serve as a basis for the development of checklists, as on outline for full narrative reporting, as a basis for research protocols, or as a guide for other types of synoptic or reporting formats. The protocol is stratified to accommodate the surgical procedures usually employed for gastric carcinomas, including acquisition of cytologic specimens, incisional endoscopic biopsy, excisional biopsy, and gastric resection (partial or complete). Explanatory notes detailing specific procedures and rationales for documentation of specific pathologic data are included in the protocol. The protocol uses the staging system for gastric carcinoma defined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union Against Cancer.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1978

[Mechanical tests with polymethylmethacrylate in fresh specimens and specimens obtained from loosened prosthesis (author's transl)].

Mechanical testing of specimen from fresh acrylic cement and from lossened prostheses between one and two years after implantation shows difference in compressive strength. Air bubbles, blood particles, and folds distinctly influence mechanical properties. Therefore, care should be taken to avoid these enclosures during implantation. But it is not the aging of the acrylic cement which presents the main problem in endoprosthetic fixation, but the cement-bone interface. Clinical experience and this mechanical study show that fracture of the acrylic cement is not due to primary fatigue of the material, but occurs secondarily after loosening of the bonding between bone and cement.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1991

Eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchial biopsy specimens from atopic subjects with asthma: comparison with biopsy specimens from atopic subjects without asthma and normal control subjects and relationship to bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Bronchial biopsy specimens were obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from 21 atopic subjects with asthma, 10 atopic subjects without asthma, and 12 normal healthy control subjects. With immunohistochemical techniques and a panel of monoclonal antibodies, inflammatory cells were identified and counted in the bronchial mucosa. The mean number of leukocytes (CD45+) and T-lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) at two airway levels in the subjects with asthma tended to be higher than in the other groups, but this difference did not achieve statistical significance. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the numbers of mucosal-type or connective tissue-type mast cells, elastase-positive neutrophils, or Leu-M3+ cells in the airway mucosa of subjects with asthma compared with atopic subjects without asthma and healthy control subjects. In contrast, significantly more interleukin-2 receptor-positive (CD25+) cells and "activated" (EG2+) eosinophils (EOSs) were present in the airways of subjects with asthma at both proximal and subsegmental biopsy sites. When the relationships between numbers of T-lymphocytes, activated (CD25+) cells, and EOSs were analyzed, there were positive correlations between CD3 and EG2, between CD3 and CD25, and between CD25 and EG2 positive cells in the airways of subjects with asthma. Furthermore, the ratio of EG2+ to CD45+ cells correlated with the provocative concentration of methacholine that caused a 20% decrease of FEV1 in hyperresponsive subjects. Although these associations do not prove a causal relationship, the results support the hypothesis that activated (CD25) T-lymphocytes release products which regulate recruitment of EOSs into the airway wall. In addition, our findings suggest that, in the large airways at least, asthma is not associated with hyperplasia of either mucosal-type or connective tissue-type mast cell.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of direct specimen testing utilizing TestPack strep A with testing of specimens following a two-hour broth enrichment.

In a previous study, we demonstrated that a 2-h enrichment of throat swabs in broth followed by a direct fluorescent antibody test was significantly more sensitive than the Abbott TestPack Strep A for the detection of group-A streptococci. In this study, in an effort to simplify the technique, we utilized broth enrichment with an enzyme immunoassay detection method. A total of 1017 pharyngeal specimens were tested with TestPack Strep A (DTP), culture on a selective streptococcal agar, and a 2-h broth enrichment in Todd-Hewitt broth (THB) followed by TestPack Strep A (ETP). Subculture of the THB was used to arbitrate discordant test results. The sensitivities and specificities respectively were as follows: DTP (69% and 99%), ETP (90% and 98%), and SSA (97% and 100%). This enrichment method offers significantly greater sensitivity than direct testing for antigen yet still allows the potential for finalized same-day reporting of results.

Culture Media↗

PubMed2002

Predicting invasion in the excision specimen from breast core needle biopsy specimens with only ductal carcinoma in situ.

OBJECTIVE: Some patients with ductal carcinoma in situ on breast core needle biopsy will have invasion at excision. The aim of this study was to determine if patients at increased risk for invasion could be identified. METHODS: The results of all breast core needle biopsies with a diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ during a 50-month period were reviewed. A variety of histologic features were identified and correlated with the presence of invasion at excision. RESULTS: Of 3026 cases, 152 (5%) were diagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ; excisional biopsies were available for 91 (60%) of these 152 cases, and 17 (19%) showed invasive tumor. Neither the radiographic findings, presence of comedonecrosis, comedo histology, lobular extension, size of the largest focus, nor aggregate size was significantly associated with an increased incidence of invasion (all P >.05). However, comedo histology with a cribriform/papillary architecture was significantly associated with an increased risk of invasion (5/7 [72%] cases with invasion, P =.002), as were tumors greater than 4 mm with lobular extension (6/15 [40%], P =.03). CONCLUSION: Patients with comedo ductal carcinoma in situ with a cribriform/papillary pattern or tumor involving more than 4 mm with lobular extension in breast core needle specimens are at increased risk for invasion at excision.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Pathologic processing of vitrectomy specimens. A comparison of pathologic findings with celloidin bag and cytocentrifugation preparation of 102 vitrectomy specimens.

Specimens obtained from 102 vitrectomies were processed by cytocentrifugation and celloidin bag techniques. The histopathology obtained with each procedure was compared with respect to cellular and tissue findings. Forty-five percent of cases had identical findings by the two techniques. Quantitative analysis of the discrepancies revealed better cellular recovery and identification by cytocentrifugation, and similar rates for the recovery and identification of tissue elements. Qualitative analysis showed better demonstration of tissue histopathology using celloidin bag thin sections. Thus, pathologic analysis was more complete when the two techniques were used together than when either was used alone.

Centrifugation↗

PubMed1983

Progress report on experimental use of CYBEST model 2 for practical gynecologic mass screening. Alterations of the specimen rejection threshold and specimen preparation.

In order to maintain an acceptable performance of CYBEST model 2 in the field of gynecologic mass screening, the algorithm of rejection for the CYBEST assessment of inadequately oligocellular samples was reviewed, and the mean number of detected cells per square millimeter for passing rejection was raised from two cells to four. The results of field tests obtained after the modification showed a false-positive rate of 28.3% for 9,010 samples as compared with 41.8% for 10,549 samples before the modification while the rejection rate showed a moderate yet acceptable increase after the modification from 4.7% to 7.0%. Some modifications of the specimen preparation routine were also introduced to improve the performance of the system.

False Positive Reactions↗

PubMed1964