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PubMedDate not supplied

[Specialist community social services as a form of community social support].

Art. 9 of the Polish Mental Health Act provides two forms of community-based social support--specialist social help services and community self-help houses for persons who, due a to serious mental illness or severe mental retardation, face considerable difficulties in their daily life, especially with respect to interpersonal relations, employment and welfare matters. The first form could only be implemented after coming into force of the suitable regulation of the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy of December 18, 1996 (Dz. U. z 1997 r., nr. 2, poz. 12). Hence, it may be understood that information on these services is exceptionally scarce. The author presents: a draft of legal evolution of the specialist services, from the vague idea of "community care" provided by psychiatric care facilities to the present regulation of community specialist social help services run by social help agencies in consultation with psychiatric facilities, main guidelines for staff to be observed in performing community specialist social help services (training in maintenance and development of basic skills necessary to independent living and others), the first promising experiences of a team rendering community specialist social help services in one of the communes in Warsaw.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed2000

Increasing access and providing social services to improve drug abuse treatment for women with children.

AIMS: To assess the impact of a substance abuse treatment program for women with children designed to increase access to treatment through transportation, outreach and child-care services. Also, to assess the impact of using access services on the use of other services and on treatment effectiveness. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was used with path analysis to examine the impact of participation in an enhanced services program that provided transportation, outreach and child-care services on the use of other social services and on the use of alcohol and illicit drugs. SETTING: Treatment clients were interviewed in-person at enhanced treatment programs and regular substance abuse programs. PARTICIPANTS: Study participants included a randomly selected sample of women with children who were clients of the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services. Participants were enrolled in enhanced or regular substance abuse treatment programs. MEASUREMENTS: Study participants completed in-person interviews about their characteristics, services use and past and current substance use. FINDINGS: Participation in the enhanced program was negatively related to substance use. Further, use of access services was related to use of social services which in turn, was negatively related to substance use. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that services that enhance access to treatment and respond to the range of social service needs of women are important for effective substance abuse treatment for women with children.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Toward a measure of caregiver satisfaction with hospice social services.

An evaluation of caregiver satisfaction with social services in a large hospice in a major southeastern city was conducted utilizing an instrument developed for this study. The usual processes for developing an instrument were followed, resulting in a survey questionnaire which was useful in testing the degree of satisfaction of caregivers with the hospice's social services. Results indicated that most caregivers were very satisfied with hospice social services. The development of such an instrument could aid others in the field in evaluating caregiver satisfaction with hospice services.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

From transfer to social service: a new emphasis on social policies for the aged in Japan.

The Gold Plan, the central government's attempt to build a nationwide network of care service provision for the aged, seems partly because of its patchwork character and partly because of its stress on the low-cost strategy to be running into two problems: (1) It is adding new institutional ambiguities and functional confusion to the old fragmentation, instead of producing a well-integrated system; and (2) the response to the central policy varies much across the municipalities (its carriers) so a disparity among them in the level of service provided is emerging. A "public care service insurance" scheme, in the planning stages since April 1994, will offer a solution to the first problem. However, it will leave the second problem unsolved and may introduce a market factor into the field of social service. As it is, the service provision itself is overwhelmingly entrusted to private organizations.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

The Imbrication Model for the integration of social services in a community.

An innovative model for organising social services in a community, the Imbrication Model, is contrasted with two traditional models, the Entrepreneurial and the Umbrella Agency. The structural characteristics and dynamics of the three models are illustrated with actual case histories. Imbrication Model calls for the interlocking of personnel from several agencies, with the purpose of redirecting the dysfunctional interagency rivalry prevalent in the traditional models. Imbrications at all organisational levels--Board of Directors, Administrators and Staff--facilitate adoption of the superordinate goal of providing clients with the best services available, regardless of which particular agency delivers the service. Few observers of the current social service scene would challenge the statement that needs for service are unlimited and resources limited. In the USA the imbalance between needs and resources persists despite a decade of massive governmental programmes intended to alleviate social ills. Recent substantial cutbacks in federal funds, moreover are not likely to improve the situation. The resource shortage involves more than a limitation of funds. Deliverers of service and competent programme administrators are also on critically short supply. These shortages are more often than not exacerbated by a chronic spirit of competition among agencies and programmes at the local level. Three organizational models for the delivery and administration of social services, two conventional and one of more recent date, are examined in this article. The innovative model, which has been named the Imbrication Model, explicitly calls for redirecting interagency rivalry and competition. Its ambitious goal is to integrate the efforts of those attempting to meet a community's social service needs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Social insurance and the delivery of social services in France.

An outline of the organization of the French social insurance and the social service delivery system is given. It is shown that the social insurance system, more so than in most other welfare states, strongly reflects various class and occupational interests. Therefore, it is also more prone to conflict along class lines, while other countries' social insurance systems tend to blurr class conflict. In addition, problems due to demographic shifts and economic changes are discussed and the populations affected, particularly the aged, identified. Some of the government's strategies to ameliorate the financial problems of the social insurance system are mentioned. The social service delivery system is found to suffer from bureaucratization and inefficiency. In order to correct this and to improve the quality of services, France has begun to decentralize the social service delivery system. There is little evidence, though, that decentralization, as presently practiced, is able to significantly improve the appropriateness of social services and increase the efficiency with which they are delivered. On the contrary, the political forces opposed to an elaborate welfare state tend to be strengthened. No doubt, the aged would also be affected by such political changes.

France↗
PubMed2005

Effect of a social services intervention among 911 repeat users.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether emergency medical services (EMS) 911 frequent users would benefit from social services intervention. METHODS: The design was a descriptive prospective subject evaluation. All nonhomeless frequent EMS users (>3x in 1 month) were identified monthly from December 2 to May 3 and contacted by 2 social workers. Information extracted from their contact with the subjects included demographics, ability to enter a social services intervention, and reason for transport. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. Seventy-four patients were unable to enter a social services intervention for the following reasons: not home (2x) (26%), not at address (19%), refused (13%), unable to complete Mini-Mental Status Exam (10%), deceased (6%), hospitalized (5%), safety issues (4%), and others (10%). The reasons for frequent EMS use were cardiac (24%), asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (25%), seizures (14%), dialysis problems, alcohol problems, and diabetes-related problems (<10% each). CONCLUSION: Among all patients, the primary reasons for transport were cardiac, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and seizures. Only 12% of patients contacted could enter a social services intervention. On the basis of the small cohort of patients that were able to enter a social services interventions, more targeted interventions are warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The placement of a social service care manager in a GP surgery as a way to improve carer access to services and improve liaison between statutory agencies.

This paper reports on a pilot project funded jointly by South and West Devon Health Authority and Devon Social Service department which sought to overcome some of the problems encountered with liaison between services, and to improve carer experience and access to social services. This involved the placement in a Plymouth general practitioner (GP) surgery of a social service care manager who worked from the surgery and was allocated extra hours for carer support work. The project was evaluated and compared with the current experience of carers in the more 'traditional' setting. The experience and attitude of GPs in two other surgeries were also explored. The traditional model of work seen in Surgery B and C, the comparison surgeries, was a crisis intervention model which was regarded as adequate by the GPs involved, who had no experience of any other way of working. They directed the carers to telephone or write to social services themselves, or in a few cases the GP contacted social services on their behalf. However, the data showed that carers were less satisfied with this traditional model and preferred the more 'instant' access to support, made possible through the pilot worker in Surgery A. In the pilot project a short and informal visit to the pilot worker on request was seen as a relief by the carers. They had avoided the gate-keeping and bureaucracy involved in the 'normal' process. The drawing together of the various strands of the research showed conclusively that the pilot project in Surgery A was successful in meeting the majority of objectives set out for it. It has been a success in the perception of the carers and all of the professionals and staff involved. Staff involved all agreed that cross service collaboration between social services and the GP surgery had been improved, and that this had improved the service available to patients and carers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Occupational tedium in the social services.

Occupational tedium among social service workers was found to depend more on a worker's interpersonal relations with colleagues and clients than on intrinsic work conditions, such as the variety of job assignments. This suggests that social workers may be particularly sensitive to people as sources of both emotional stress and support.

Attitude↗
PubMed2005

Social services and health services day care in mental health: the social networks and care needs of their users.

BACKGROUND: In view of the increasing integration of health and social care, there is an urgent need to know how health service day hospitals and social service day centres are being used, and by whom. AIMS: We aimed to compare users of day hospitals and centres in terms of their social networks, needs for care and demographics. METHODS: A cross-sectional, comparative study of service users at two day hospitals and four day centres compared their social networks, needs and characteristics. RESULTS: Day centre clients had much larger social networks, including a three-fold difference in total contacts and two-fold difference in confidants, but had more needs for care, particularly relating to psychological distress. They were also older on average than day hospital patients and were a more long-term group. CONCLUSION: It is vital to understand differences between health service day hospitals and social service day centres given the increasing integration of health and social care. The present study shows that the two user groups are significantly different. It is unlikely that the needs of most day care users could be met by either service interchangeably.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Building true collaborations. A senior support network illustrates a successful partnership of healthcare and social service providers.

The relationship between Catholic Social Services (CSS) of the Diocese of Scranton and Mercy Health Partners--Northeast Region, which joined forces last year to develop a senior support network for residents of Wilkes-Barre and the Borough of Kingston, PA, illustrates how collaboration grows out of cooperation and coordination of services. The network is a project of the Neighborhood-Based Senior Care National Initiative, which works to develop collaborations between Catholic health systems and Catholic Charities agencies to help poor communities meet the needs of aging persons. Barriers to successful collaboration may stem from cultural misunderstandings, differences in organizational stability and decision-making processes, attitudes toward money, and even professional vocabularies. Organizations that trust and respect each other can overcome these barriers. The Wilkes-Barre project began simply, but its success established a pattern of cooperation between CSS and Mercy Health Partners, which led to further coordination of referral programs, development of community health profiles, and cross-organizational training. After nine months on the Wilkes-Barre project, CSS and Mercy Health Partners are now developing a Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE). Effective collaboration between healthcare providers and social service agencies is a long, sometimes difficult, process that requires organizational commitments of time and resources. Organizations must not yield to the temptation to take shortcuts to achieve short-term gains.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Factors influencing the utilization of social services in old age].

This study investigates factors influencing the utilization of social services in old age. Medical, social and psychological variables are analyzed among a group of 641 community-dwelling elderly people. Furthermore, this article examines whether utilization of social services differs in different socio-economic living conditions. Results show that the use of services is affected by indicators of independence, financial resources and the informal support system. There is only little difference of using social services in different socio-economic living conditions, and this finding is explained by an interaction of medical, social and psychological variables.

Activities of Daily Living↗