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Results for “SHEEP DISEASES”

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PubMed2005

Experimental infection model for Johne's disease in sheep.

Johne's disease in ruminants results in chronic enteritis caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. This study examined two M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains (JD3 and W), using different doses and routes of infection, to establish the optimal time postchallenge when predictable levels of infection, gut lesions, and clinical disease occur in a large proportion of sheep. While a small proportion (25%) of sheep challenged with a low-passage-number laboratory culture of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (strain W) became infected, no infection was found in animals exposed to a high-passage-number culture isolate of strain W. In contrast, a primary tissue homogenate of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (JD3) resulted in high (90%) infection rates and gut histopathology following oral or intratonsillar challenge. The optimal conditions necessary to produce Johne's disease involve oral inoculation of 3-month-old lambs with four doses of 5 x 10(8) CFU of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated directly from the gut lymphatic tissues of clinically affected sheep. This resulted in consistent gut histopathology at 9 months and the onset of clinical disease by 11 months postchallenge.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Border disease of sheep and goats.

Border disease (BD) is a congenital virus disease of sheep and goats first reported in 1959 from the border region of England and Wales. BD virus (BDV) is a pestivirus in the genus Flaviviridae and is closely related to classical swine fever virus and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Nearly all isolates of BDV are non-cytopathogenic (ncp) in cell culture. There are no defined serotypes but pestiviruses isolated from sheep exhibit considerable antigenic diversity and three distinct antigenic groups have been identified. Distribution of the virus is worldwide. Prevalence rates vary in sheep from 5 to 50% between countries and from region-to-region within countries. The disease in goats is rare and characterized by abortion. Clinical signs in sheep include barren ewes, abortions, stillbirths and the birth of small weak lambs. Affected lambs can show tremor, abnormal body conformation and hairy fleeces (so-called 'hairy-shaker' or 'fuzzy' lambs). Vertical transmission plays an important role in the epidemiology of the disease. Infection of fetuses can result in the birth of persistently infected (PI) lambs. These PI lambs are viraemic, antibody negative and constantly excrete virus. The virus spreads from sheep to sheep with PI animals being the most potent source of infection. Apparently healthy PI sheep resulting from congenital infection can be identified by direct detection of viral antigen or viral RNA in leukocytes or by isolation of ncp virus from blood or serum in laboratory cell cultures. Isolation of virus is unreliable in lambs younger than 2 months old that have received colostral antibody. The isolation of virus from tissues of aborted or stillborn lambs is difficult but tissues from PI sheep contain easily detectable levels of virus. To detect the growth of virus in cell cultures it is essential to use an immune-labelling method. Acute infection is usually subclinical and viraemia is transient and difficult to detect. Sheep may also be infected following close contact with cattle excreting the closely related BVDV.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) for immunodiagnosis of hydatid diseases in sheep.

This study was undertaken to investigate antigenic characteristics of hydatid cyst fluid in sheep by SDS-PAGE method, to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay for diagnosis of sheep hydatidosis, and to determine seroprevalance of hydatidosis in sheep population in Elazig, Turkey. SDS-PAGE analysis of hydatid cyst fluids indicated that 6 specific-protein bands were detected at molecular weights of 29, 45, 58, 68, 98 and 116 kDa. EITB analysis showed presence of 29, 38, 42, 58, 62, 68, 98, 116, 120, 150 and 205 kDa bands in positive sheep sera, while 38, 58, 62, 68, 116 and 205 kDa bands were detected in negative sheep sera. Therefore, it was concluded that the 116 kDa band was specific for diagnosis of sheep hydatid disease by EITB assay. Sensitivity and specificity of EITB assay were determined as 88% and 84%, respectively, whereas corresponding rates for ELISA were 60% and 94%, respectively. Sensitivity of ELISA was 47.3% in hepatic cysts, 60% in pulmonary cysts, 69.2% in hepato-pulmonar cysts. Sensitivity ratios of ELISA were 67.8%, 75%, and 38.4% for fertile, sterile, and under-growth cysts, respectively. Sensitivity of EITB was found 84.2% in hepatic cysts, 80% in pulmonary cysts, and 92.3% in hepato-pulmonar cysts. Corresponding ratios for sensitivity of EITB for fertile, sterile, calcified, and under growth cysts were 92.8%, 75%, 100%, and 84.6%, respectively. In addition, seroprevalance of hydatidosis in sheep was found as 62% by ELISA and 66.4% by EITB in Elazig, Turkey and seroprevalance increased by age.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Cystic hydatic disease in sheep: treatment with percutaneous aspiration and injection with dipeptide methyl ester.

An in vitro and in vivo study was conducted to show the effect of dipeptide methyl ester on the protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus and in naturally infected sheep. Easily punctured cysts were located by ultrasonography. A PAIR and PAI method were performed by the injection of dipeptide methyl ester into these cysts at a final concentration of 110 mmol/L. Follow-up was conducted monthly by ultrasonography. After injection of the compound, the sheep were sacrificed at different times from 6 to 17 weeks. The size and the morphological aspect of treated cysts were noted. Samples were collected for histology and electron microscopy. In conclusion, these studies revealed significant and rapid detachment of the membrane of the treated cyst and alteration of the inner membrane in less than 5 min after injection of the drug, confirming the effect of the compound on the laminated layer of the parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Scrapie infection alters the distribution of plasma metabolites in diseased Cheviot sheep indicating a change in energy metabolism.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to profile the metabolic status of plasma from; sheep showing clinical signs of scrapie, those known to be infected with scrapie but yet to show clinical signs, and control animals. The NMR measurements have shown that energy metabolism in scrapie infected animals is altered before the onset of clinical symptoms. These metabolic changes may provide the foundation for a pre-clinical diagnostic test for scrapie in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of protective immune responses against hydatid disease in sheep by immunization with synthetic peptide antigens.

Four synthetic peptides which comprise the immunodominant linear epitopes of the EG95 recombinant protein, were investigated for their ability to induce host-protective immunity against Echinococcus granulosus in sheep. Sheep were immunized with either free peptide or peptide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid and challenge infected with E. granulosus eggs. All of the peptides elicited specific antibody, but these did not kill the parasite in in vitro culture assays, nor did the peptides induce protection against challenge infection. In contrast, anti-EG95 antibodies affinity purified against each of the 4 peptides were lethal to the parasite in in vitro culture. These affinity-purified antibodies were shown to contain specific antibody to both peptide and EG95. In in vitro inhibition assays, the peptides did not diminish anti-EG95 antibody binding to EG95 or parasite lysis in oncosphere killing assays. These results suggest that the fine specificities of antibodies raised against the recombinant protein are different to those raised against the peptide immunogens and that the majority of the antibody induced by vaccination with EG95 is raised against conformational determinants.

Animals↗