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PubMed1985

On the serology and immunobiology of listeriosis. VIII. Communication: antibody against Listeria monocytogenes in sheep without and after vaccination against listeriosis as measured by means of different serological methods.

237 sheep of 4 flocks were tested in a field trial for humoral antibody against Listeria monocytogenes (L, m.) using one serum per animal. In addition, the kinetics of antibody response to vaccination against listeriosis was determined for 20 sheep, using comparatively the bacterial agglutination test, the growth test and the agglutination-immobilization test. Since low antibody were detected in a portion of animals, only, the possibly different degree of infection of animals could not be determined by the three methods employed. After primary and revaccination, a marked kinetics of antibody response resulting in titer decrease three months after vaccination could be detected by means of the agglutination-immobilization test, only, which measured antibody of the IgG class against flagellar antigens. It is discussed whether the immune response to listeriosis infection and vaccination is primarily reflected by the reaction of the macrophage-T lymphocyte system.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1994

Perinatal transmission of HIV type 1: associations with maternal anti-HIV serological reactivity. Mothers and Infants Cohort Study and the HIV-1 Perinatal Serology Working Group.

As a hypothesis-generating study of large regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope, we collaborated with several laboratories to test sera from subgroups of 65 HIV-1-positive pregnant women, 18 (28%) of whom transmitted the virus to their infants. Assays included neutralizing antibodies to HIVLAI and reactivity to 102 HIV-1 Env peptides with sequences based on strains LAI, MN, SC, RF, and WMJ-2 as well as several clinical isolates, spanning about 65% of gp120 and about 80% of gp41. Results for the V3 loop and for neutralizing activity were conflicting and for the most part did not reach statistical significance. Transmission risk appeared lower with reactivity to a few gp41 epitopes (amino acids 571-585, 736-750, and perhaps 650-663), whereas risk appeared higher with reactivity to two gp120 epitopes (amino acids 466-480 and 475-486) and one gp41 epitope (amino acids 547-576). However, these associations could have occurred simply by chance because such a large number of peptides was tested. With independently synthesized peptides, results between laboratories often were inconsistent. However, reproducibility was good (rank correlation coefficient > or = 0.78) when the same protocols and peptides were used. Although this study could not identify a humoral immune response to linear Env peptides that consistently and broadly protected against perinatal transmission of HIV-1, there were regions of gp120 and gp41 that should be evaluated in larger cohorts and with techniques to investigate potential conformational epitopes and neutralization to autologous or clinical isolates of HIV-1 from the community.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Fundamental study on serological diagnosis of amoebiasis. 3. Serological survey of amoebiasis in blood donors showing seropositive for syphilis].

Sera of 375 blood donors which were seropositive for syphilis were examined for antibodies against Entamoeba histolytica. Antibody prevalences against E. histolytica using complement fixation (CF) test were 12.0%, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were 2.7%. The positive rates of antibodies in the CF test were significantly higher in sera showing positive by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test than in the VDRL-negative sera, and not related to the results of Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test. Only one sample in the VDRL-negative sera was positive by CF test. On the other hand, the positive rates or mean absorbance in ELISA were not correlated to the results of VDRL or TPHA test. The percent positivity in CF test became higher with the level of antibodies in VDRL test, but not that in ELISA. The level of antibodies in CF and VDRL test were weakly correlated. These results suggested that the results of CF test for E. histolytica antibodies were most likely false-positive in relation to the results of VDRL test. 10 (2.7%) of sera were positive by ELISA, but all ELISA-positive samples showed low ELISA titers and absorbance. 9 of the ELISA-positive samples showed indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titers of over 1:50, and the level of antibodies in the IFA test correlated to that in ELISA, so ELISA-positive persons seemed to have been previous infected or were asymptomatic cyst carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Serological studies on Campylobacter jejuni/coli: establishment of national reference system for serological typing in Japan].

In order to establish a national reference system for Campylobacter serotyping in Japan, 7 local institutes of public health collaborated to prepare 30 serogrouping antisera including 26 antisera of Lior's serogrouping system and 4 antisera of TCK serogrouping system which was developed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health. A total of 603 strains (92.2%) out of 654 isolates from 23 outbreaks of C. jejuni throughout Japan were serogrouped by the 30 antisera. Out of 1,198 strain isolated from sporadic cases of Camplyobacter gastroenteritis, 883 (73.7%) were typed and 298 strains (24.9%) were untypable. The remaining 17 strains belong to rough form were not used for serogrouping. A hundred thirteen out of 883 strains have reacted with more than one typing serum. Among C. jejuni isolated from 7 prefecture, Lior's serogroup 4 was most common followed by Lior's serogroup 4, 2, 11, 1 and TCK serogroup 1 and 12. We conclude from the experiment described above that this Lior's serogrouping system by combining with TCK serogroup for Campylobacter jejuni/coli is useful in epidemiological investigations in Japan.

Campylobacter coli↗
PubMed1969

Serological studies of Clostridium botulinum type E and related organisms. II. Serology of spores.

Pure spore antigens for the immunization of rabbits were prepared by enzymic digestion of vegetative components and separation of the cleaned spores in polyethylene glycol. Spore antisera were prepared to strains representative of toxigenic Clostridium botulinum type E; nontoxigenic boticin E-producing variants; nontoxigenic nonproducers of boticin E; nontoxigenic "atypical" strains, which differ somewhat from C. botulinum type E in their physiology; C. botulinum types A and B; and C. bifermentans. They were tested against these and additional strains representative of the above groups, other types of C. botulinum, and other Clostridium species. There was no evidence of agglutination of flagellar or somatic antigens of vegetative cells by these antisera. Agglutination and agglutinin absorption tests showed common antigens among toxigenic type E strains and nontoxigenic variants, both producers and nonproducers of boticin E. Some nontoxigenic "atypical" strains varied in their ability to be agglutinated by type E antisera, and others did not agglutinate at all. Of those atypical strains that were not agglutinated, one was agglutinated by C. bifermentans antiserum. Antisera prepared against C. botulinum types A and B and C. bifermentans did not agglutinate the spores of type E or its variants nor share antigens common to each other. Similarly, antisera to type E, its nontoxigenic variants, and nontoxigenic atypical strains did not agglutinate other C. botulinum types or any other Clostridium species investigated.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Serological hepatitis A virus infections and ratio of clinical to serological infections in a controlled trial of pre-exposure prophylaxis with immune serum globulin.

Seroconversion to hepatitis A virus was studied in a sub sample of 802 Israeli military recruits (611 men and 191 women) who were taking part in a randomised controlled trial of pre-exposure immune serum globulin (ISG) for the prevention of viral hepatitis. On intake into the service 35% of the men and 47% of the women were negative to hepatitis. A virus antibody (anti-HAV). After three years 7 of 71 men (9.9%) who had not received pre-exposure ISG had become positive to anti-HAV compared to 2 of 83 (2.4%) who had received it; the statistical significance of this difference was p = 0.052. At two years 2 of 30 women (6.7%) who had not received ISG had converted compared to 1 of 43 (2.3%) who had received ISG (p = 0.37). Pooling the sexes gave conversion rates of 8.9% in those not immunised and 2.4% in those immunised (p = 0.029). The sex adjusted odds ratio was 4.0 (95% confidence limits 1.3-19.0). The morbidity rates for clinical non B hepatitis over the three year period among 12 835 men were 7.2 per 1000 in those not immunised and 3.6 per 1000 in those immunised (p = 0.004). Point estimates of the ratio of clinical hepatitis to seroconversion in men ranged from 0.25 to 0.30. It is concluded that pre-exposure administration of ISG effectively prevented clinical expression of viral hepatitis, apparently reduced seroconversion, and did not induce passive-active immunisation.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗