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PubMed2025

Genomic and phenotypic comparison of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii.

Saccharomyces boulardii is a widely used probiotic yeast with clinical efficacy against certain gastrointestinal disorders. Although genomically related to S. cerevisiae, the extent to which S. boulardii harbors distinct probiotic-relevant traits remains incompletely defined, particularly across commercially distributed strains. Here, we performed comparative genomic, physiological, and functional analyses of five S. boulardii strains and three S. cerevisiae strains, including baker's and laboratory variants. S. boulardii strains shared conserved genetic features and exhibited a conserved chromosomal inversion on chromosome XVI, lower copy numbers of CAZyme genes, and lineage-specific amino acid substitutions in central and tryptophan catabolism pathways-potentially underlying elevated production of immunomodulatory metabolites. S. boulardii strains also exhibited enhanced acid tolerance, elevated acetate and succinate production, and robust immunomodulatory activity, including suppression of IL-8 secretion and NF-κB, and consistent activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) compared to S. cerevisiae. In contrast, S. cerevisiae strains displayed greater bile salt tolerance and faster growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at both 30°C and 37°C but lacked consistent anti-inflammatory effects or AhR agonism. Metabolic and immunological phenotypes varied with oxygen availability and strain background. Despite high genomic similarity, S. cerevisiae and S. boulardii exhibit distinct functional capacities relevant to probiotic efficacy. These findings help define speciesand strain-specific features that inform the development and regulatory evaluation of next-generation yeast probiotics.

AhR activation↗
PubMed1993

IgE-binding components of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) recognized by immunoblotting analysis. Simultaneous IgE binding to mannan and 46-48 kD allergens of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae allergens were characterized by IgE-immunoblotting with serum samples of 83 patients; 63 represented patients with atopic dermatitis with previous positive skin prick test or RAST for S. cerevisiae, seven patients with AD but negative test results and 13 were non-atopic controls. Disrupted whole body extract of S. cerevisiae was used in the assays. From the patients tested 41 patients with atopic dermatitis appeared positive in IgE immunoblotting revealing 22 IgE stained bands. From these bands 10 represented intermediate allergens, and 12 minor allergens. The most frequent staining was obtained with the 48 kD band (39%). When the staining pattern of 45 kD and 48 kD bands and mannan was compared with Candida albicans allergens or purified baker's yeast enolase a simultaneous binding was seen with the 48 kD band of S. cerevisiae and the 46 kD band of C. albicans and enolase whereas the 45 kD band was neither associated with the 46 kD band of C. albicans nor purified enolase. High molecular weight staining was found in five samples. The staining pattern was associated with the mannose containing structures in parallel with C. albicans.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mycoserological study of the treatment of paediatric cystic fibrosis patients with Saccharomyces boulardii (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS 5926).

Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) (Saccharomces cerevisiae Hansen CBS 5926) is a yeast widely used in humans for the prevention and treatment of infectious enterocolitis. SB is said also to antagonize Candida albicans when given orally to living organisms. This double-blind trial was performed to determine the effect and tolerance of SB as an oral therapeutic in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis receiving long-term treatment with cephalosporins or cotrimoxazole, by examining C. albicans counts in the intestine. Extensive mycoserological examinations for drug safety evaluation were also performed. To be selected for the study patients had to present C. albicans in their intestinal flora. None of the patients enrolled exhibited clinical symptoms of candidosis. A daily dose of 750 mg (250 mg t.i.d.) of lyophilized SB given for 21 days did not affect the number of C. albicans commensals in those patients. However, the mycoserological data confirmed the safety of SB treatment with respect to a hypothetically possible SB fungaemia and a possible falsification of Candida serology.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1980

Immunochemical studies of the mannans of Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A-5 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4484-24D-1 mutant strains, with special reference to their phosphate content.

The mannans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strains X2180-1A-5 and 4484-24D-1, both of which were shown to contain small amounts of phosphate (less than 0.2%), were fractionated on a column of diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex into five subfractions designated as fractions I to V. These subfractions contain different amounts of phosphate, ranging from 0.03 to 0.09 (strain X2180-1A-5) and from 0.01 to 0.17% (strain 4484-24D-1). Fractions I to IV from strain X2180-1A-5 showed nearly identical precipitin activities against the homologous anti-whole cell serum, whereas fraction V, containing the largest amount of phosphate and protein among this mannan subfraction series, showed unexpectedly weaker precipitin activity than those of the other fractions. A synthetic mannan consisting or consecutive alpha-1 leads to 6-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues was found to be cross-reactive with all the mannan subfractions of strain X2180-1A-5 against anti-X2180-1A-5 serum. On the other hand, antibody-precipitating activities of the mannan subfractions of the latter strain were proportional to their phosphate content, although the increments of precipitated antibody nitrogen among the subfractions were quite small. However, fraction V of this mannan subfraction series, containing the largest amounts of phosphate and protein, showed lower precipitin activity than did the other four fractions. These findings indicate that mannans containing no phosphate or relatively small amounts of phosphate, such as those investigated in the present study, are less heterogeneous in the densities of the branching moieties than are highly phosphorylated mannans. These findings suggest that the transfer step of mannosyl-1-phosphate into the precursor(s) of the wild-type strain mannans during the biosynthetic process corresponds to the key reaction responsible for the anionic heterogeneity due to the density heterogeneity of the antigenic determinants.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of mannan-protein complexes from viable cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A wild type and Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1 A-5 mutant strains by the action of Zymolyase-60,000.

The viable whole cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A wild type and its mannan mutant strain S. cerevisiae X2180-1A-5, were treated with an Arthrobacter sp. beta-1,3-glucanase in the presence of a serine protease inhibitor, phenyl-methylsulfonyl fluoride. Fractionation of the solubilized materials of each strain with Cetavlon (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) yielded one mannan-protein complex. Molecular weights of these complexes were almost the same as that of the mannoprotein of the mutant strain prepared by Nakajima and Ballou, which had a molecular weight of 133,000 and were approximately three times larger than those of the mannans isolated from the same cells by hot-water extraction. Each mannan-protein complex contained up to 2% glucose residue, which was not removed by specific precipitation with anti-mannan sera or by affinity chromatography on a column of concanavalin A-Sepharose. Treatment of these complexes with alkaline NaBH4 produced peptide-free mannan containing small amounts of glucose nearly identical to those of the parent complexes. The above findings provide evidence that the glucose residues exist in a covalently linked form to the mannan moiety. Fractionation of the mannan-protein complex of the S. cerevisiae wild-type strain by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography yielded five subfractions of different phosphate content, indicating that these highly intact mannan-protein complexes were of heterogeneous material consisting of many molecular species of different phosphate content.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

Metabolic fates of L-tryptophan in Saccharomyces uvarum (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis).

The metabolism of L-tryptophan by Saccharomyces uvarum (carlsbergensis) was investigated by simultaneous measuring of fluxes through kynureninase, through transaminases and into protein using L-[methylene-14C] and L-[side chain-2,3-3H]tryptophan. In yeasts cultivated in synthetic medium (S medium), the flux into protein was predominant, closely followed by the flux leading to 2-3H liberation. The proportion of L-tryptophan metabolized via the latter flux increased over 10-fold (75% of total tryptophan metabolized) as the concentration of L-tryptophan was raised from 5 x 10(-5) to 5 x 10(-4) M. L-Tryptophan metabolized via the kynureninase flux was less than 5% of total tryptophan metabolized. In yeast extract-polypepton-glucose medium (YPG medium), more tryptophan was incorporated into protein than in the S medium. Contribution of the kynureninase flux remained very low. Tryptophan metabolism via each flux changed depending on the growth phase. 2-3H liberation was shown to be primarily due to tryptophol synthesis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenic acid also contributing to 2-3H liberation but to a much lesser extent. 2-3H liberation increased dose-dependently at tryptophan concentration higher than 10(-5)M, while the kynureninase flux reached its plateau at 10(-5)M. Formation of tryptophol and indole-3-acetic acid via indole-3-pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetaldehyde with indole aldehyde as a by-product was confirmed using exogenous tryptophan metabolites with indole rings.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed2002

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and Saccharomyces cerevisiae live cells on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae live cell product and a S. cerevisiae culture product on the in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation of ground corn, soluble starch, alfalfa hay, and Coastal bermudagrass hay. In the presence of ground corn, neither concentration (0.35 or 0.73 g/L) of S. cerevisiae culture nor live cells had any effect on final pH, H2, CH4, propionate, or butyrate. The S. cerevisiae culture had no effect on acetate, but both concentrations of S. cerevisiae live cells decreased acetate and the acetate:propionate ratio. When soluble starch was the substrate, both concentrations of S. cerevisiae live cells and 0.73 g/L of S. cerevisiae culture decreased the acetate:propionate ratio. Although the treatment effects were not statistically significant, both concentrations of live cells and 0.73 g/L of the culture decreased lactate concentrations compared with the control incubations. When alfalfa hay served as the substrate, neither the S. cerevisiae culture nor the live cells had an effect on propionate, butyrate, or the acetate:propionate ratio. Both concentrations of S. cerevisiae culture decreased the final pH and in vitro dry matter disappearance, and the 0.73 g/L treatment decreased the amount of acetate. However, both treatments of S. cerevisiae live cells increased final pH and decreased acetate and in vitro dry matter disappearance. Neither yeast treatment had much effect on the Coastal bermudagrass hay fermentations. In general, both S. cerevisiae supplements seemed to have similar effects on the mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Photoreactivation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells after irradiation with electrons (25 MeV). The role of photoreactivated damage in the manifestation of oxygen effects in radio- and UV-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae].

Significant photoreactivation was noted in radio- and UV-sensitive rad-mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells exposed to 25 MeV electrons. In order to make the photoreactivable damage be manifest anoxic conditions of irradiation should be chosen as optimal ones. It was shown that the low oxygen effect was partially associated with the photoreactivable damage involved in the lethal effect of ionizing radiation.

Electrons↗
PubMed1987

[Genetic analysis of mitochondrial rho-mutability in Saccharomyces. IV. Relation between spontaneous rho-mutability and mitotic stability in disomic Saccharomyces cerevisiae].

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the disomy for chromosome XIV resembles the previously described disomy for chromosome IV in that it leads to a significant decrease in spontaneous rho- mutability. The nuclear srm1 mutation, reducing spontaneous rho- mutability, diminishes significantly the mitotic disome stability. So, the mechanisms of spontaneous rho- mutagenesis and mitotic disome stability seem to compete for the function affected by the srm1 mutation.

DNA, Fungal↗