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PubMed2003

Case fatality proportions and predictive factors for mortality among children hospitalized with severe pneumonia in a rural developing country setting.

Few large studies have evaluated risk factors for mortality among children hospitalized for pneumonia and this may contribute to suboptimal case management efficiency. To identify useful screening criteria for mortality among children hospitalized for pneumonia in a developing country setting, we conducted a population-based hospital cohort study among children less than 2 years of age admitted for pneumonia during 1999-2001 at one of three major hospitals on Lombok Island, Indonesia. Of 4351 children admitted for pneumonia, 12 per cent died before discharge. Case fatality proportions were seasonal, with peaks occurring immediately after peaks in the proportion of cases positive for respiratory syncytial virus. Children with an oxygen saturation < or = 85 per cent or age younger than 4 months were 5.6 times more likely to die than children with none of these predictive factors (95 per cent CI, 4.5-7.1); 83 per cent of children who died had one of these two risk factors. For children < 4 months old, mortality increased at an oxygen saturation < 88 per cent compared with < 80 per cent for older children. Laboratory, physical examination, and radiological findings were not associated with or did not contribute substantially to mortality prediction. Among children hospitalized for pneumonia, age less than 4 months and hypoxia were identified with those at high risk of death. Age influences cut-off levels for hypoxia.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1981

Nutrition and rural development.

This paper summarizes the conceptual and methodological work carried out by a team of FAO staff and consultants in a continuing effort to introduce nutritional considerations into the planning and execution of agricultural programmes and projects. Guidelines were prepared on the basis of experience acquired to various case-studies and are currently being applied in field projects.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of a mobile training programme on nutrition for Bangladesh rural development board (BRDB) women's programme in Bangladesh.

About half of the total population of the country are women and without their active participation no development programme can be achieved. This study involved a total number of 690 trainees from 23 upazilas of different districts in Bangladesh. The results obtained from both pre and post tests were compared and analyzed to find out the impact of the mobile training programme on nutrition. The mean age of the trainees was 29.54. The mean number of children per trainee was 3.73 and the mean income was close to Taka 1048.26. Analysis of the results regarding knowledge of the training about nutrition at pre and post training stages reveal that at post training stage they were more aware of the importance of nutrition. The difference in knowledge level at pre and post training stages was statistically significant (P less than .001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Campaign against malaria vectors in the framework of a rural development project in Burundi].

In the context of a large project for the socio-economic improvement of the Imbo area, measures were taken for the integration at all levels of malaria control: health centres for improvement of curative care; hygiene and sanitation centres, communes and agricultural projects for vector control; craftsmen, cooperatives and social centres for the manufacture and selling of impregnated bed-nets. The adopted strategy for malaria control results from preliminary epidemiological studies. The recommended measures are the improvement of medical care and vector control. The latter is based on indoor spraying of malathion, once a year. Malathion is only active during the period (2 months) of highest transmission, which occurs at the end of the rainy season. Occasionally other insecticides are used. Impregnated bed-nets with deltamethrin and village draining are complementary methods. In villages of the rice-growing area with good participation of the community, vector control activities have a considerable impact on malaria prevalence. About 70% before the intervention, the prevalence does not exceed 10% in 1990. High parasitaemia (greater than 2000 troph./microliters), and hence morbidity, decreased considerably (35% in 1983 to less than 5% in 1990). In villages with poor community participation, the decrease of prevalence is less spectacular (from 70% to 25%). Drains are not kept in repair and constitute new breeding places of vectors in the populated areas. The use of mosquito bed-nets is not common, a better information campaign should overcome this unpopularity. In peri-urban villages, inhabitants are complaining about indoor spraying, but the results are satisfactory. This programme demonstrates that reducing malaria prevalence and morbidity with conventional measures is feasible in particular biotopes. Health education activities in the Imbo Centre must be pursued and adapted according to the professional activities of the community.

Animals↗