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Results for “Runaway Behavior”

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PubMed1983

Maltreatment of adolescents: the relationship to a predisposition toward violent behavior and delinquency.

This discussion reviews the literature concerning the association between the maltreatment, abuse and exploitation of adolescents and the predisposition to violent and other offending behavior. We review the importance and family dynamics of abuse which bear a relationship to antisocial behavior. The distinction is made between child abuse and adolescent abuse, and controversies regarding the sequelae of various maltreatments are discussed. Recent work in sexual abuse and its relationship to male sexual offenders and male prostitutes is detailed. Adolescents who commit various offenses or are in contact with juvenile justice system may be or have been the victims of various forms of maltreatment and exploitation. Helping professionals caring for these youths should have an understanding of these factors and the underlying dynamics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Psychosocial background and behavioral and emotional disorders of homeless and runaway youth.

One hundred fifty clients of a shelter for homeless youths in New York City were interviewed to obtain information about their backgrounds and the incidence of behavioral and emotional disorder. Most of the respondents came from backgrounds characterized by severe emotional deprivation and physical or sexual abuse. Of the 140 who completed the full interview, 90 percent fulfilled DSM-III-R criteria for an emotional or behavioral disorder. Fifty-nine percent had conduct disorder, three-quarters were depressed, 41 percent had considered suicide, and more than one-quarter had attempted suicide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Functional analysis and treatment of elopement.

Elopement is a dangerous behavior because children who run away may encounter life-threatening situations (e.g., traffic). We conducted functional analyses of the elopement of 3 children who had been diagnosed with developmental disabilities. The results identified a maintaining reinforcer for the elopement of 1 child, but the data were difficult to interpret for 2 of the children. Subsequent reinforcer assessments were used to help to clarify the reinforcers for elopement for these 2 children. Results of the functional analyses and reinforcer assessments then were used to develop successful treatments to reduce elopement. The findings are discussed in terms of (a) the application of functional analysis methodology to elopement, (b) the use of reinforcer assessments to identify potential reinforcers when standard functional analyses are undifferentiated, and (c) the utility of assessment-based treatments for elopement.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Childhood experiences of homeless men.

The authors interviewed homeless men in New York City shelters about their childhood experiences. Childhood placement away from the family was frequent, especially among former psychiatric patients. Childhood problem behaviors were also frequent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Single parents, extended households, and the control of adolescents.

This paper uses a representative national sample of adolescents to study the interrelationships among family structure, patterns of family decision making, and deviant behavior among adolescents. Mother-only households are shown to be associated with particular patterns of family decision making and adolescent deviance, even when family income and parental education are controlled. In contrast to adolescents in households with 2 natural parents, youth in mother-only households are perceived as more likely to make decisions without direct parental input and more likely to exhibit deviant behavior. The presence of an additional adult in a mother-only household, especially for males, is associated with increased parental control and a reduction in various forms of adolescent deviance. Finally, patterns of family decision making and family structure both make independent contributions to adolescent deviance, and the impact of family structure on deviance of adolescent males is hardly affected by controlling for patterns of family decision making.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Structural problems in institutional care for youth.

In examining the relationship of emotional responsiveness and authoritarianism to the success of child welfare institutions as measured by running away behavior structural factors relating to both are discussed. The emotional deficit of the care giving situation seems to be a factor related to running away. Authoritarianism was not a related factor. Though both runaways and nonrunaways rated the institutional experience to be less emotionally responsive than their families, workers and runaways rated runaways experience as the least emotionally responsive. This is thought to relate to both runaways history and the consistency and continuity of caregivers. This further points to a pressing need for child welfare programs to greatly increase continuity of care and positive emotional contact between youth and caregivers. Individuation of youth in group living situations and foster care is crucial to their benefitting from such programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Gender differences in extrafamilial sexual abuse experiences among young teens.

Extrafamilial sexual abuse experiences of young adolescents (ages 10-14), particularly young teen boys, are not well studied. This retrospective chart review study compared psychosocial correlates and victimization experiences between young adolescent girls (n = 226) and boys (n = 64) referred to a hospital child advocacy center. Several differences in risk behaviors and abuse experiences were found: Girls were more likely to have run away, to be truant from school, to report substance use, to have multiple perpetrators, and to have physical findings from the abuse. Boys were more likely to have a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder and to report anal penetration, and rarely disclosed abuse at the time of the incident. Peers were girls' most common choice for disclosing abuse, whereas boys confided most often in their mothers or other adults. These findings suggest sexually abused young adolescent girls and boys need distinct, developmentally appropriate screening and care in school and health care settings.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2006

A longitudinal study of the effects of early abuse on later victimization among high-risk adolescents.

Although previous research on adolescents finds a link between early abuse and later victimization, the majority of this research is cross-sectional and based on samples of currently homeless adolescents. Therefore, factors that predict the likelihood of victimization have not been systematically examined. As such, the current study longitudinally examines the effects of early abuse and poor parenting on victimization via running away, delinquency, and early sexual onset among a sample of over 700 currently housed high-risk adolescents. Results revealed that having experienced sexual and physical abuse, as well as lower levels of parental monitoring and closeness, significantly predicted running away at wave 1. Adolescents who had run at wave 1 were significantly more likely to run again, more likely to engage in delinquency, and more likely to have had an early sexual onset at wave 3, all of which significantly predicted victimization at wave 4.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The treatment of elopement behavior in a retardate using a graduated levels program.

The present study investigated whether a levels program would effectively reduce the amount of elopement (running-away) behavior demonstrated by an adult with profound mental retardation. The subject resided in an Alternative Intermediate Services (AIS) group home. During baseline data collection, he demonstrated an average of 131 elopements per month. After implementation of the levels program, elopements decreased to 0 within 7 months. At the end of the study, the subject's elopements continued to be maintained at a very low rate.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A qualitative study of early family histories and transitions of homeless youth.

Using intensive qualitative interviews with 40 homeless youth, this study examined their early family histories for abuse, neglect, and other family problems and the number and types of transitions that youth experienced. Multiple forms of child maltreatment, family alcoholism, drug use, and criminal activity characterized early family histories of many youth. Leaving home because of either running away or being removed by child protective services often resulted in multiple transitions, which regularly included moving from foster care homes to a group home, back to their parents, and then again returning to the streets. Although having experienced family disorganization set youth on trajectories for early independence, there were many unique paths that youth traveled prior to ending up on the streets.

Adolescent↗