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PubMed1997

[Not Available].

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Greek World↗
PubMed2005

Celsus and the Hippocratic Corpus: the originality of a 'plagiarist".

A study of all the passages connected to lippitudo and ophthalmia--Latin compilers used these two terms to refer to one and the same eye disease--shows that while Celsus claims to be a follower of Hippocrates, he does not mention some of the explanations which appear in his main sources. He both clarifies and completes the prescriptions of the 'Father of Medicine'. It can therefore be said that the De Medicina is a descendant of the Hippocratic Corpus in the same way as La Fontaine's Fables are a descendant of Aesop's.

Greek World↗
PubMed1991

From theurgical to secular medicine in ancient Greece: pínakes and sanationes.

Although rational secular medicine, i.e. medicine founded on clinical observation and on the exploration of the natural causes of diseases, prevailed in Greece as late as the IV century B.C., testimonies of theurgical medicine survive in temples dedicated to the gods of medicine, e.g. Maleatas, Amphiaros and Asklepios. Votive inscriptions (Latin sanationes) show clinical cases, solved with the aid of the physician-god, who acts during the dream, which is an essential component in classical medicine and art of the medical treatment. It is worth noting that sanationes have been found in temples of many healing cities, e.g. Epidauros and Lebena and in Tiberine Island in Rome, but not in Kos and Pergamon, where Hippocrates and Galen were active, respectively. Is it just fortuitousness or testimony of the prevailing "scientific" meaning due to the work of the two most representative physicians of the classical world?

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed2003

[Galen " On the anatomy of nerves": Translation from the Greek text and discussion].

Galen's treatise "On the Anatomy of Nerves" was translated literally from the Greek text (Kuhn's edition, vol. 2, pp. 831-856) into Japanese, utilizing the knowledge of anatomy. The previous Latin and English translations, as well as the descriptions of the nervous system in the other Galenic texts such as "Anatomical Procedures" and "On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body," were utilized as references for the present translation, but it became evident from the present study that the previous translations contained an abundance of immature and erroneous understandings of the Galenic text. The present study has made it clear that the third cranial nerve referred to by Galen contains the most branches of the trigeminal nerve, and that the fourth cranial nerve represents the sympathetic trunk and the palatine nerves. The Galenic texts which were translated into Latin mainly in the 16th century before development of anatomical knowledge contain misunderstandings peculiar to the age. Thus the modern translations inherit some misunderstandings found in those Latin translations. Descriptions in the Galenic "On the Anatomy of Nerves" appear vague at first sight, but the described structures can be identified in most cases without doubt on the basic of anatomical knowledge. Furthermore we can estimate how Galen developed the preceding understanding of the nervous system made by Marinus on the basis of his own observations.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2006

[Three historical examples of eugenics before Galton (1883): Plato, Soranus and Vandermonde (part II)].

The first part of this paper explored the origins of the idea of Eugenics in Plato's work in the 4th Century BC. This second part looks at the development of the concept, notably in the writings of Soranus of Ephesus in Rome in the 1st century AD and Charles-Augustin Vandermonde, a French doctor of the 18th Century, before it was described and named by Francis Galton in 1883. We will be reminded that these three separate glimpses into the prehistory of Eugenics do not demonstrate a logically linked continuum, but do show a long-standing preoccupation with controlling life.

Eugenics↗