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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

Fire fighters: a study of stress and coping.

Fifty-eight non-professional fire fighters, 91% of all firefighters from different industries who participated in a hotel fire rescue operation, were investigated by means of a structured self-report questionnaire about their stress experience during and after the rescue action. Together with 57 professional fire fighters, they participated in rescuing hotel guests confined for as much as three hours in a 12 storeyed hotel building on fire. Fourteen persons (11%) died, 114 guests survived. Forty-seven percent of the non-professional fire fighters reported that the disaster experience was the worst they had ever experienced. Even so, 80% thought that they had coped with the job well to fairly well and for as many as 66% the rescue action represented something positive to them in retrospect. Ten percent claimed that stress reactions disturbed them in executing effective rescue work. Fifty-eight percent maintained that more preparation and training could have improved their effort. Fire fighters with previous practical experience seemed to "digest" the disaster experience more easily than inexperienced fire fighters as measured by the Impact of Event Scale. High level of competence and opportunity for debriefing as well as disaster characteristics are discussed as factors explaining the favourable coping with extreme stress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

The World Trade Center attack. The paramedic response: an insider's view.

The World Trade Center attack and collapse is the first time an aircraft has been used as a weapon of mass effect. The scale and magnitude of this manmade disaster can only be compared with a natural catastrophe such as the Armenian earthquake of December 1988. The importance of an incident command system and the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment, and the need for fixed Casualty Collection Points, is explained.

Aircraft↗

The World Trade Center attack. Observations from New York's Bellevue Hospital.

This report describes selected aspects of the response by Bellevue Hospital Center to the World Trade Center attack of 11 September 2001. The hospital is 2.5 miles (4 km) from the site of the attack. These first-hand observations and this analysis may aid in future preparations. Key issues described relate to communication, organization, injuries treated, staffing, and logistics.

Aircraft↗

Tsunami disaster victim identification in Sri Lanka: legal aspects.

Natural hazards amounting to disasters have almost become an endemic phenomenon during past decades throughout the globe, particularly affecting less resourced countries. The capabilities of the affected nations are stretched to the maximum in most of the disasters, thereby exposing deficiencies at various levels of the disaster mitigation mechanisms. A key factor identified through the human experience of all previous disaster scenarios is the requisite of effective and integrated local, national and regional disaster management mechanisms. The national and regional legal framework in this context can supplement disaster management enormously by drafting and implementing practical legislation which can be activated in disaster situations to co-ordinate the relief missions and minimize the damage. Thus, the existing legal systems and legislation at national and regional levels should be modified accordingly to yield proper disaster management policies. However, many less resourced countries are still lacking functional disaster management mechanisms in local legislation and are consequently highly vulnerable to heavy casualties in disasters. Sri Lanka is a typical example of a state which had an ineffective disaster management mechanism, not strengthened by legislation, when the Asian tsunami struck the country in December 2004, despite having frequently been affected by natural and man-made hazards during the past three decades. The net effect was total disarray in disaster victim identification, leading to drastic and irreparable consequences.

Autopsy↗

Lydia's story.

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Anecdotes as Topic↗

A PHS pharmacist team's response to Hurricane Katrina.

PURPOSE: The challenges and victories that a team of Public Health Service (PHS) pharmacists experienced in establishing pharmacy operations at a federal medical station and conducting outreach missions are described. SUMMARY: The Gulf coast of Mississippi and southeast Louisiana were struck on August 29, 2005, by Hurricane Katrina, which caused widespread infrastructure damage, flooding, and loss of life. A team of 70 officers, which included 8 pharmacists, arrived on September 3 and 4 to establish a 480-bed federal medical station in an aircraft hangar at the naval air station (NAS) in Meridian, Mississippi. Numerous challenges were encountered, including identifying a secure space for a pharmacy, determining how to manage the immediate shortage of medications, devising a dispensing system specific to controlled medications, handling personal medications brought in by patients, and maintaining adequate pharmacy staffing to provide for hospital needs. Two outreach efforts were also undertaken. The first was to assist the NAS pharmacy department, which was overwhelmed with nearly 800 Navy and Coast Guard personnel who were displaced to the Meridian NAS. The second outreach effort was to augment the staff at a local free clinic in Meridian, which needed help to set up their clinic so they could handle the influx of hurricane victims who were arriving daily. CONCLUSION: A team of PHS pharmacists established a pharmacy, provided pharmaceutical care, and conducted outreach programs to aid victims of Hurricane Katrina.

Disasters↗

Chaos theory.

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Clinical Competence↗

Medical outreach after hurricane Marilyn.

INTRODUCTION: Many geographical areas are subject to devastating disasters that leave the citizens not only without homes, but also without their local medical systems. Now medical-aid stations consisting of personnel, supplies, and equipment quickly can be deployed when needed to such areas under the aegis of the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS). Such teams can provide emergent medical care as well as daily medical care. However, these aid stations are of no help for the home-bound or nursing home patients too infirm to reach them. Thus, these citizens only can obtain medical care if medical teams make planned outreach excursions to reach them. OBJECTIVE: To describe a planned outreach program that was implemented for such patients on St. Thomas Island after it was devastated by Hurricane Marilyn in 1995. RESULTS: Over a five-day period, the outreach team provided medical care for 67 patients ranging in age from 11 days to 90 years. Play and art therapy was provided for non-injured children. The most common needs in the elderly were anti-hypertensive medications and insulin-loaded syringes. CONCLUSIONS: For outreach efforts of this nature, membership of the team should include a registered nurse, a paramedic, a respiratory therapist, a public health specialist, and a local authority familiar both with the area and its inhabitants. A physician does not need to be assigned to the team, but should be available by radio.

Adolescent↗

[Principles of management of All-Russia Disaster Medicine Services].

Experience of liquidation of earthquake consequences in Armenia (1988) has shown that it is extremely necessary to create the system of management in regions of natural disaster, large accident or catastrophe before arrival of main forces in order to provide reconnaissance, to receive the arriving units. It will help to make well-grounded decisions, to set tasks in time, to organize and conduct emergency-and-rescue works. The article contains general material concerning the structure of All-Russia service of disaster medicine (ARSDM), organization of management at all levels and interaction between the components of ARSDM and other subsystems of Russian Service of Extreme Situations. It is recommended how to organize management of ARSDM during liquidation of medical-and-sanitary consequences of large-scale extreme situations.

Disaster Planning↗