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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Distribution of antibodies against Neospora caninum, BVDV and BHV-1 among cows in brazilian dairy herds with reproductive disorders.

Neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) are worldwide spread pathogens associated with reproductive problems in cattle. The present work aimed to observe the infection pattern of these three pathogens in two dairy herds with distinct reproductive managements from Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The herds were not vaccinated against either N. caninum, BVDV or BHV-1. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for presence of specific antibodies, and N. caninum IgG avidity was measured in N. caninum positive samples. In herd 1, 34 out of 174 sampled cows (20%) had antibodies to N. caninum and the seropositivity of BVDV and BHV-1 were 62% and 86%, respectively. Of 69 sampled cows in herd 2. 7 (10%) had antibodies to N. caninum, and 49% and 39% were seropositive to BVDV and BHV-1, respectively. The IgG avidity profiles indicated that N. caninum had been present in both herds for some years and that herd 1 had an ongoing horizontal spread of the parasite. The results indicate that the studied reproductive pathogens were present in the herds and partly may have contributed to their reproductive problems.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Specifics of reproductive disorders and hormonal sensitivity of tumors in patients with "hormone-related neoplastic syndrome"].

Blood-serum levels of gonadotrophins and estradiol were assayed alongside with those of estradiol and progesterone receptors in the tissue of tumors of the breast, uterus, ovary and large bowel to establish general regularities of reproductive homeostasis in patients. The study was based on the assumption that risk of secondary tumor development is considerable in a patient who bears one of said malignancies. The effect of estrogen hormones was shown to be one of general causes of tumorigenesis. This is corroborated by enhanced hyperestrinism observed in cases of carcinoma of the corpus uteri as well as by certain data pointing to a reliable correlation between estrogen-stimulated synthesis of progesterone receptors and prognosis in patients with tumors of the breast, uterus and ovary. No estrogen dependence, however, was registered in patients with tumors of the bowel. Pathogenetic features shared by tumors of the large bowel and those of the reproductive system should probably be accounted for by disorders in metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Are male reproductive disorders a common entity? The testicular dysgenesis syndrome.

Growing evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies points to a synchronized increase in the incidence of male reproductive problems, such as genital abnormalities, testicular cancer, reduced semen quality, and subfertility. Together these male reproductive problems may reflect the existence of one common entity, a testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that TDS is a result of disruption of embryonal programming and gonadal development during fetal life. The recent rise in the prevalence of TDS may be causally linked to endocrine disrupters affecting genetically susceptible individuals. We recommend that future epidemiological studies on trends in male reproduction do not focus on one symptom only, but take all aspects of TDS into account. The potential impact of adverse environmental factors and the role of genetic polymorphisms involved in gonadal development requires further research.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The "herd approach" to bovine reproductive disorders. Part I: The diagnosis and management of infectious infertility.

The authors describe the methods employed by the Artificial Insemination Section of the Division of Veterinary Services in collaboration with the Reproduction and Bacteriology Section of the Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort when herds are examined for infertility. A "herd" rather than an "individual animal" approach is advocated and certain infectious causes of infertility are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Alteration of follicle regulatory protein levels in human reproductive disorders: anovulation.

Recently, a follicle regulatory protein was identified that suppresses ovarian response to gonadotropins. In this study, the serum levels of follicle regulatory protein were measured in five groups of women: reproductive age undergoing oophorectomy (N = 10), postmenopausal (N = 10), ovulatory (N = 13), anovulatory (N = 16), and anovulatory receiving clomiphene citrate therapy (N = 14). Follicle regulatory protein-related immunoreactivity was measured by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while peripheral estradiol and progesterone levels were determined by established radioimmunoassay. Concentration of follicle regulatory protein in serum in all ovariectomized patients decreased significantly from preoperative levels. The postmenopausal women had significantly lower follicle regulatory protein levels than did ovulatory and anovulatory women. Patients with low levels of serum estradiol in the early follicular phase exhibited either significantly elevated or suppressed follicle regulatory protein levels compared with patients with normal estradiol concentrations, suggesting two different etiologies for ovarian dysfunction. Eleven to 12 and 22-23 days after the onset of the last menstrual period, patients with elevated follicle regulatory protein levels were found to be anovulatory. These observations suggest that elevated intraovarian levels of follicle regulatory protein may cause a disruption of follicular maturation that leads to anovulation and, in some cases, to resistance to clomiphene citrate therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Septate uterus and reproduction disorders: current results of hysteroscopic septoplasty].

Uterus septus is the most frequent congenital uterine anomalies caused by insufficient resorption of the müllerian ducts. Retrospective statistical analysis shows that the uterine septa have the worst reproductive outcome with a high incidence of early abortions. It is well recognized that it increased the incidence of recurrent (> or = 3) miscarriages (79% among 1,601 pregnancies), reproductive failure and obstetric complications. A septate uterus does not seem to be an infertility factor. On the other hand, the incidence of unexplained infertility was significantly higher (40%) in the patients with secondary infertility; thus, a contribution from the uterine septum in delayed conception of these patients cannot be excluded. Hysteroscopic surgery has replaced conventional abdominal route. Hysteroscopic metroplasty improves obstetrical prognosis in women with septate uterus, and it's advantages are easiness, low morbidity rate, without the hysterotomy's consequences like adnexial adhesions. Metroplasty is indicated in women with a history of miscarriages (2 or more), which decreased to 15%, in patients with an unexplained infertility, and in women in whom assisted reproductive treatment is being contemplated. Combined with laparoscopy, the hysteroscopic metroplasty is the gold standard for assessing uterine septa, especially in these infertile women. Laparoscopy also is required to complete the diagnostic work up of infertility, and provides an opportunity to treat any coexisting pelvic pathology.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

Causes and incidence of reproductive disorders among Zebu X taurus cross-bred cows in Andhra Pradesh.

Clinical analysis of the recerds of 1396 Zebu X taurus crossbred heifers and cows of small and marginal farmers in Andhra Pradesh, examined ever a period of one year for various causes of reproductive failure, revealed that 6.01, 73.14 and 20.85 percent were of an anatomical, functional, and non-specific infectious nature, respectively. The most frequent single disorders were ovarian acyclia (58%) and endometritis (13.97%). The incidence of other conditions was: cervicitis (5.52%), genital infantilism (4.51%), anovular heats (4.15%), cystic follicular degeneration (3.65%), silent evulations (3.08%), repeat breeders (2.29%), and a lower frequency of other conditions. The indidence of disorders that led to sterility was 5.73%. Between locations, variation was observed in respect to ovarian acyclia and cystic follicular degeneration whose incidences were lower and higher than the respective averages in better managed hords.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Physical health of the female athlete: observations, effects, and causes of reproductive disorders.

This review begins by summarizing the state of knowledge about menstrual disorders in athletes at the turn of the 21st Century. It then highlights the most important developments of outstanding interest that have been reported in the 18 months since then. New observations of the characteristics of these disorders are followed by new reports of clinical consequences and recommendations for treatment, and discoveries about their physiological mechanism. In general, evidence is continuing to accumulate that exercise has no suppressive effect on the reproductive system beyond the impact of its energy cost on energy availability. These results encourage the hope that athletic women may be able to prevent or reverse menstrual disorders by dietary supplementation without any moderation of their exercise regimen.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of reproductive disorders and birth defects in communities near hazardous chemical sites. I. Birth defects and developmental disorders.

Members of the workgroup on birth defects and developmental disorders discussed methods to assess structural anomalies, genetic changes and mutations, fetal and infant mortality, functional deficits, and impaired fetal and neonatal growth. Tier 1 assessments for all five adverse reproductive outcomes consist of questionnaires and reviews of medical records rather than laboratory testing of biologic specimens. The work-group members noted a role for neurodevelopmental testing and for limited genetic studies, such as karyotyping in Tier 2 assessments. Emerging methodologies to identify chromosomal aberrations, DNA adducts, and repair inhibition were reserved for Tier 3.

Adult↗