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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Reproductive medicine--a field of contradictory legislation in Germany.

A brief survey is given on the German legislation concerning reproductive medicine which is contradictory both in juridical and ethical terms. Being under strong ideologic and/or populistic pressure, it favours negative family planning measures such as all kinds of birth control including induced abortion, and handicaps, on the other hand, the more sophisticated procedures of assisted fertilization to overcome infertility. Thus, legal restrictions in this country halt the scientific progress and set back the clinical standard in comparison to our neighbouring countries, all of which are more liberal in their respective legislation.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1997

Prediction of pregnancy in infertile women based on the American Society for Reproductive Medicine's revised classification of endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the empirical relationship between the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine's classification of endometriosis and pregnancy rates after treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. PATIENT(S): Patients seen by four practicing physicians. INTERVENTION(S): Medical and/or surgical therapy for endometriosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy defined as ongoing or delivered. RESULT(S): There were no significant differences in pregnancy rates across stages of endometriosis. There was a slight decline in pregnancy rates among patients with Stage IV endometriosis, but statistical significance was not achieved. CONCLUSION(S): The use of an arbitrary weighted system for assigning scores to individual categories of disease, or for computing a total score, has limited the overall effectiveness of the classification system to predict pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Cytogenetics in reproductive medicine: the contribution of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).

Cytogenetic research has had a major impact on the field of reproductive medicine, providing an insight into the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities that occur during gametogenesis, embryonic development and pregnancy. In humans, aneuploidy has been found to be relatively common during fetal life, necessitating prenatal screening of high-risk pregnancies. Aneuploidy rates are higher still during the preimplantation stage of development. An increasing number of IVF laboratories have attempted to improve pregnancy rates by using preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to ensure that the embryos transferred to the mother are chromosomally normal. This paper reviews some of the techniques that are key to the detection of aneuploidy in reproductive samples including comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). CGH has provided an unparalleled insight into the nature of chromosome imbalance in human embryos and polar bodies. The clinical application of CGH for the purposes of PGD and the future extensions of the methodology, including DNA microarrays, are discussed.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed2000

Sex selection and preimplantation diagnosis: a response to the Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine.

In its recent statement 'Sex Selection and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis', the Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine concluded that preimplantation genetic diagnosis for sex selection for non-medical reasons should be discouraged because it poses a risk of unwarranted gender bias, social harm, and results in the diversion of medical resources from genuine medical need. We critically examine the arguments presented against sex selection using preimplantation genetic diagnosis. We argue that sex selection should be available, at least within privately funded health care.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1977

Simulated patients as a learning resource in the study of reproductive medicine.

Simulated patients have been used to foster active learning and problem solving skills in an undergraduate programme of reproductive medicine. These simulators were trained to present a series of clinical problems and were used in a variety of approaches. They served to highlight communication skills and to force attention on the recognition, assessment and management of patient problems.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2000

[Present state and future in reproductive medicine].

It has been almost 21 years since the first birth of IVF baby and rapid advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART) have taken place. Today, several new technology have been developed such as microfertilization and cryopreservation of embryos and ART has become an important and popular tools for treatment of infertility patients with several causes. However, the take home baby rates have still been low around 15%. To improve the results in ART programs, the improvement of embryo viability and the solution of problems of implantation have been required. Recently, sequential culture media for production of high quality blastocysts have been developed and results have been as good as with co-culture. These culture media are now commercially available. Several authors reported that higher clinical pregnancy rate was achieved and high-order multiple pregnancy can be eliminated with blastocyst transfer. It has been expected that blastocyst transfer would become the means to solve the major problem that ART has faced such as the low take home baby rates and high-order multiple pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[The reproductive medicine legislation: new legal responsibilities for the Austrian gynecologist].

In spring 1992 the Austrian Parliament has enacted a new law dealing with reproductive medicine. The 'Act on medically assisted conception' contains provisions which totally prohibit particular methods of assisted fertilization (such as embryo or egg donation). The main goal of the act, however, is to regulate procreative medicine and to amend the Austrian General Civil Code: the parents-to-be are now considered to have the legal rights and responsibilities of biological parents in any case.

Austria↗
PubMed1996

Recombinant technique and gonadotropins production: new era in reproductive medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To review current knowledge regarding recombinant DNA technology and its safety and efficacy in relation to recombinant gonadotropin production. DATA IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION: Studies that relate specifically to recombinant DNA technology, method of laboratory production, and the clinical aspects of using recombinant gonadotropins were identified through literature and Medline searches. RESULTS: Recent developments in recombinant DNA technology have resulted in a rapidly expanding range of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. This technology paves the way to the identification, isolation, cloning, and production of specific proteins. Recently, recombinant human gonadotropins became available for clinical use. The pharmacokinetics, receptor availability, pharmacodynamics, and safety were studied extensively and the drugs were found to be identical if not superior to urinary gonadotropins that have been used in reproductive medicine for the last 30 years. It is clear today that the use of recombinant human gonadotropins is expected to provide better batch-to-batch consistency, steady supply, and most importantly, a purified compound with high specific activity, which accounts for >99% of the preparation's protein content, allowing SC administration. CONCLUSION: There is no doubt that recombinant gonadotropins produced by genetic engineering technology are here to stay and will represent an important treatment modality in various fertility disturbances.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Clarifying the role of three-dimensional transvaginal sonography in reproductive medicine: an evidenced-based appraisal.

This overview describes and illustrates the clinical applications of three-dimensional transvaginal sonography in reproductive medicine. Its main applications include assessment of uterine anomalies, intrauterine pathology, tubal patency, polycystic ovaries, ovarian follicular monitoring and endometrial receptivity. It is also useful for detailed evaluation of failed and/or ectopic pregnancy. Three-dimensional color Doppler sonography provides enhanced depiction of uterine, endometrial, and ovarian vascularity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Reproductive medicine of rabbits and rodents.

The small animal practitioner is likely to be called upon to help nontraditional pets such as rabbits, rodents, and ferrets. The more information veterinarians have regarding normal anatomy, physiology, reproduction, medicine, anesthesia, and surgery of these unusual pets, the more likely they will be able to help their owners. This article presents an overview of routine and emergency reproductive concerns that the small animal practitioner may face when presented with nontraditional mammalian patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

LH-RH analogues: I. Their impact on reproductive medicine.

In the 28 years that have passed since the elucidation of the structure of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), diverse clinical applications in the field of reproductive medicine and related fields have been established for agonists of LH-RH, based on inhibition of the pituitary-gonadal axis. Various clinical investigations with agonists of LH-RH in benign gynecologic disorders, polycystic ovary disease (PCOD), in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), precocious puberty and contraception were reviewed. LH-RH antagonists inhibit LH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and sex steroid secretion immediately after their administration and thus achieve rapid therapeutic effects. LH-RH antagonists should find applications in the treatment of uterine leiomyomas, endometriosis, and in controlled ovarian stimulation-assisted reproductive techniques (COS-ART), which have been already established for the agonists. Modern LH-RH antagonists such as cetrorelix may prove superior to the agonists in COS-ART and also in the treatment of BPH, but additional studies in these and other areas are needed.

Contraception↗
PubMed2002

[Comparisons of legal conditions for reproductive medicine in Germany with other European states and the need for reform that emerges].

This article gives an overview of the rules and principles established in Germany with regard to reproductive medicine. In addition the article outlines the respective rules that exist in western European states and investigates the bioethics principles established by the Council of Europe and the UNESCO. Compared with those of the western European states the German rules are rigid, restrictive and conservative. Because in an open international society the more liberal approaches will prevail, it will not be possible, in the long run, to uphold the distinctions made by the German rules.

Europe↗