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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of lethal and superlethal doses of gamma-irradiation on the lysosomal enzyme activity in radio-sensitive and radio-resistant tissues in the rat].

Activities of acid phosphatase and cathepsin D were studied in liver, spleen tissues and in blood serum of Wistar male rats with a body mass of 180-200 g within various periods after total gamma-irradiation using 137Cs (1.9 Gr/min) at doses of 7.5 and 30 Gr. Acid phosphatase was maximally activated in the non-sedimented fraction of spleen within 72 hrs at the dose of 7.5 Gr; activity of cathepsin D was decreased in the fraction and exceeded the control values only within 11 days. Activity of both enzymes was decreased in the fraction of precipitate. In liver tissue the enzymatic activity was only slightly altered at the dose used. The dose of 30 Gr altered the acid phosphatase activity both in spleen and liver tissues; the enzymatic activity was increased in non-sedimented fraction and--decreased in precipitate. In blood serum the acid phosphatase activity increased gradually up to the animal death.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1998

Effects of radio transmitter weight on a small nocturnal primate.

An increasing number of primatologists have begun using radio telemetry to study the behavioral ecology of nocturnal prosimian primates. Radio telemetry has enabled the collection of data on these nocturnal and cryptic prosimians that was previously difficult or impossible to otherwise obtain. A critical assumption of studies employing radio telemetry is that the radio transmitters have no appreciable negative effects on the study animals and the data being collected are not being biased by the presence of radio transmitters. This assumption is made because comparable data from a non-radio-collared control group are impossible to obtain. In an attempt to determine the tolerable weight limit for radio collars for a small nocturnal primate, the spectral tarsier, Tarsius spectrum, a comparison of the behavior and body weight of individuals wearing collars of two different weights was conducted. This study was conducted in Tangkoko Dua Saudara Nature Reserve in Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 16 individuals from seven groups were trapped in mist nets, radio-collared, and observed using focal follow sampling between April 1994 and June 1995. Each individual was observed for 4-6 months depending on the life span of the radio-collar battery. The two radiocollar weights appeared not to affect spectral tarsiers differentially. Average body masses in neither set of subjects differed between the days collars were attached and 6 months later, when they were removed. No differences in activity patterns, home range size, or prey capture rate were detectable between subjects wearing the different transmitters. These results suggest that the heavier radio collars used in this study did not have any appreciable effects on the behavioral patterns of this primate.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Sonographically guided radio frequency thermal ablation for unresectable recurrent tumors in the retroperitoneum and the pelvis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of sonographically guided radio frequency thermal ablation as a minimally invasive method for treatment of unresectable recurrent or metastatic tumors in the retroperitoneum and the pelvis, which often pose difficult surgical problems. METHODS: Radio frequency thermal ablation was performed on 7 patients with unresectable recurrent retroperitoneal or pelvic tumors from colorectal (n = 4), renal (n = 2), and prostate (n = 1) cancers. Under sonographic guidance, a total of 11 radio frequency thermal ablation operations were performed by a percutaneous or transanal approach. RESULTS: Three patients were asymptomatic, whereas 4 patients were symptomatic. The sizes of the tumors ranged from 29 to 100 mm (mean, 50.5 mm). Radio frequency thermal ablation was technically completed in all operations without intraoperative complications. The ablation time ranged from 25 to 238 minutes depending on the tumor size. There was no mortality. There were postoperative complications in 3 operations (27.3%): an enterovesical fistula, a skin burn, and fecal incontinence. The hospital stay was generally 0 to 1 day. Tumor marker levels decreased after radio frequency thermal ablation in all operations. Symptoms of 4 patients were controlled by radio frequency thermal ablation. One patient with recurrent renal cancer and uncontrollable hypercalcemia became asymptomatic immediately after radio frequency thermal ablation. Local recurrence at the radio frequency thermal ablation site occurred in 2 patients (28.6%), but these local recurrent tumors were treated effectively by additional sonographically guided radio frequency thermal ablation. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive sonographically guided radio frequency thermal ablation is technically feasible for local treatment of unresectable recurrent retroperitoneal and pelvic tumors from different origins. Care should be taken to avoid thermal injury to surrounding organs. Further study is needed to evaluate its safety and efficacy.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Importance of radio-guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy using hand-held gamma probe and low (99m)Tc-MIBI dose. Technical considerations and long-term clinical results.

AIM: (99m)Tc-MIBI radio-guided surgery results, obtained in a group of 141 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), are reported. METHODS: All patients were preoperatively evaluated by a single day protocol based on double-tracer parathyroid scintigraphy and neck ultrasound, and then operated by the same surgical team. In 102 patients (72.3%) with a high scan/ultrasound probability of solitary parathyroid adenoma and normal thyroid gland, a minimally invasive radio-guided surgery was planned. In the other 39 patients (27.7%) with scan/ultrasound evidence of multi-glandular disease (n=8) or concomitant nodular goiter (n=31), the intraoperative gamma probe was used during a standard bilateral neck exploration. Intraoperative quick parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were routinely measured. The minimally invasive radio-guided surgery technique we developed, consisted of: a) injection of a low 37 MBq (99m)Tc-MIBI dose in the operative theatre during anaesthesia induction, b) patient's neck scan with a hand-held gamma probe just before the surgical cut to localize the cutaneous projection of the parathyroid adenoma, c) intraoperative probe detection of the parathyroid adenoma and its removal through a small 2-2.5 cm skin incision. RESULTS: Minimally invasive radio-guided surgery was successfully performed in 99/102 patients (97.0%). The gamma probe was particularly useful in patients with an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the upper mediastinum (n=11) or to the carotid bifurcation (n=1) or located deep in the neck (n=8). Minimally invasive radio-guided surgery was also obtained in 18/23 patients who had previously undergone thyroid/parathyroid surgery. The mean operative time for minimally invasive radio-guided surgery was 38 min. No major surgical complication was recorded. Conversion to bilateral neck exploration was required in only 3 cases because of intra-operative diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (n=2), and persistence of elevated quick PTH levels after removal of the preoperatively visualized parathyroid adenoma (n=1). Among patients treated by standard bilateral neck exploration, the gamma probe was useful in localizing a thymical enlarged parathyroid gland in 1 patient with multi-glandular disease, a parathyroid adenoma located deep in the neck in 4 patients with concomitant nodular goiter and an ectopic parathyroid adenoma to the carotid bifurcation in another. However, in some other patients with a parathyroid adenoma located near to the thyroid, it was difficult to intraoperatively distinguish the parathyroid adenoma from a MIBI avid thyroid nodule. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that: (a) in primary HPT patients with high scan/ultrasound probability of solitary parathyroid adenoma and normal thyroid gland, the gamma probe appears to be an effective, rapid and safe technique to perform minimally invasive radio-guided surgery; b) a (99m)Tc-MIBI dose as low as 37 MBq appears to be adequate to successfully perform radio-guided surgery; c) the measurement of quick PTH is recommended during minimally invasive radio-guided surgery; d) minimally invasive radio-guided surgery can be performed also in HPT patients with previous parathyroid/thyroid surgery thus limiting surgical trauma; e) with the possible exception of parathyroid adenoma located in ectopic sites or deep in the neck, the gamma probe technique does not seem recommendable in HPT patients with concomitant nodular goiter.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The uncertainty of radio frequency treatment of renal cell carcinoma: findings at immediate and delayed nephrectomy.

PURPOSE: Radio frequency thermal therapy for the ablation of renal cell carcinoma has been reported. Outcomes are usually measured by imaging alone. We have performed ex vivo and in vivo experiments using radio frequency in porcine models in our laboratory. We now report our early experience in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma in patients who underwent post-radio frequency radical or partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We treated 10 patients diagnosed with small renal masses with radio frequency. All masses were biopsied before treatment. In 4 patients 5 renal cell carcinomas were treated with radio frequency after surgical exposure of the tumor followed immediately by partial or radical nephrectomy (acute group). Six other patients were treated percutaneously with ultrasound or computerized tomography guided radio frequency under local anesthesia and intravenous sedation 7 days before partial or radical nephrectomy (delayed group). A median of 2 radio frequency cycles was applied. Mean total heating time was 17 minutes 15 seconds. Specimens were analyzed grossly and histologically. Triphasic contrast-enhanced computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and 7 days after radio frequency treatment in the delayed group. RESULTS: Mean radiological largest diameter of all 11 masses was 2.4 cm. and mean gross diameter was 2.2 cm. Pathological examination demonstrated residual viable tumor in approximately 5% of the volume in 4 of the 5 tumors in the acute group and in 3 of the 6 masses of the delayed group. In 1 delayed case the viable tumor appeared to be in contact with the renal vein. No significant complications were observed in 9 of the 10 patients. In 1 delayed case, a subcapsular hepatic hematoma, biliary fistula and pneumonia developed and resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experience, we continue to consider percutaneous radio frequency for the treatment of small renal cell carcinomas as a potentially curative therapy. However, complete tumor cell death appears to be difficult to achieve with our current treatment protocol. More phase II testing is indicated to ensure that this technique is an effective and reproducible treatment alternative.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed2006

Prognostic value of haemoglobin levels during concurrent radio-chemotherapy in the treatment of oesophageal cancer.

AIMS: To evaluate the prognostic value of haemoglobin levels during radio-chemotherapy for overall survival, metastases-free survival (MFS) and locoregional control in patients with locally advanced oesophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Age, gender, performance status, tumour location, tumour length, histology, histologic grading, T-stage, N-stage, UICC-stage and weekly haemoglobin levels during concurrent radio-chemotherapy were retrospectively investigated and related to outcome in 108 patients, who received radio-chemotherapy for stage II/III oesophageal cancer. Radio-chemotherapy consisted of 59.4-60 Gy irradiation, two to four courses of cisplatin (75 mg/m2 on day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2 on days 1-5). Haemoglobin levels during radio-chemotherapy were compared among the following three groups: patients with over 60% of haemoglobin levels less than 12 g/dl; patients with over 60% of haemoglobin levels at 12-14 g/dl; and patients with over 60% of haemoglobin levels greater than 14 g/dl. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, haemoglobin levels of 12-14 g/dl and greater than 14 g/dl during concurrent radio-chemotherapy provided better outcomes than haemoglobin levels less than 12 g/dl. The 2-year overall survival rates were 34%, 35% and 16%, respectively (P = 0.002). The 2-year MFS survival rates were 23%, 46% and 21%, respectively (P = 0.06). The 2-year locoregional control rates were 44%, 58% and 19%, respectively (P < 0.001). ECOG performance status (1 better than 2-3) was significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.013), tumour length (<7 cm better than > or = 7 cm) with overall survival (P = 0.002) and MFS (P = 0.002), N-stage (N0 better than N1) with overall survival (P = 0.004) and MFS (P < 0.001), and UICC-stage (stage II better than III) with overall survival (P = 0.025) and MFS (P = 0.010). On multivariate analysis, haemoglobin levels during radio-chemotherapy maintained significance for overall survival (P = 0.002) and locoregional control (P < 0.001), tumour length for overall survival (P = 0.002) and MFS (P = 0.008), and N-stage for MFS (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Haemoglobin during radiotherapy and concurrent radio-chemotherapy is an independent prognostic factor in oesophageal cancer treatment. To improve outcome, it seems important to maintain the haemoglobin at 12-14 g/dl.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗