Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Quebec”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Downward trend in prostate cancer mortality in Quebec and Canada.

PURPOSE: If new treatment strategies and screening for prostate cancer are effective they should reduce prostate cancer mortality. In this review we monitored prostate cancer mortality rates in Quebec and in Canada. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained data on all deaths from prostate cancer between 1976 and 1997 in Quebec, and 1976 and 1996 in Canada. We calculated age standardized mortality rates and assessed changes with time. RESULTS: Prostate cancer mortality rates increased regularly until 1991 in Quebec and Canada. After 1991 the rates decreased moderately until 1995 and then more markedly in 1996. There was a further decline in 1997 in Quebec. Overall, age standardized prostate cancer mortality rates declined by 23% in Quebec between 1991 and 1997, and by 9.6% in Canada between 1991 and 1996. The mortality decline was observed for all age groups but was more pronounced among men younger than 75 years. CONCLUSIONS: Until 1995 the trends in prostate cancer mortality in Quebec and Canada were similar to those observed in the United States. Our data suggest that a sharper decline has occurred since 1995. It is of primary importance to identify the causes of the mortality decline. As prostate cancer mortality rates declined relatively early after the initiation of widespread screening with prostate specific antigen, it is unlikely that screening has as yet contributed in a major way to the decline. It is more likely that the mortality reduction is a consequence of better prostate cancer management or improved treatment modalities.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1995

Immigration and cultural policies: a bone of contention between the Province of Quebec and the Canadian federal government.

"This article addresses the way in which the Province of Quebec has obtained increasing power in the area of immigration.... Data from interviews with key members of [the Ministry of Immigration] and from selected documents are drawn on to illustrate Quebec's cultural politics. The Quebec position on the question of immigration as it has evolved in the context of immigration policies defined by the federal government in Ottawa is examined.... In particular, the present article considers how attempts to construct a cultural identity and a nation-state in Quebec have had important consequences for immigration policy and for attitudes and policies concerning Quebec's cultural minorities. The emergence of the notion of 'cultural communities' as a result of the constitutional rivalry and the on-going struggle for legitimacy between Quebec and Ottawa is also explored."

Americas↗
PubMed2005

Computer-administered bath ankylosing spondylitis and Quebec Scale outcome questionnaires for low back pain: agreement with traditional paper format.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the agreement between computer and paper-administered versions of Bath ankylosing spondylitis (AS) questionnaires and the Quebec Scale for low back pain (LBP). METHODS: Fifty patients with LBP completed the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Functional Index (BASFI), Global Score (BAS-G), and the Quebec Scale. Outcome measures were administered both in traditional paper format and by computerized touch-screen system. The order of completion was randomly assigned to each participant. The length of time required to complete each set of questionnaires was recorded and a "washout" period of at least 40 minutes was ensured between completion of the first and second set of outcome measures. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in completion time between the 2 methods of administration. A small systematic difference between computer and paper-administered versions was observed in the Quebec Scale and in the BAS-G results. However, there was a high degree of agreement between paper and computer-administered versions of the Quebec Scale, the BASDAI, BASFI, and BAS-G. Out of the 50 subjects, 84% indicated a preference for the computer-administered method. CONCLUSION: The Bath AS questionnaires and the Quebec Scale can be reliably administered by a computerized touch-screen system. Given the ease of data integration and analysis supported by computer-administered versions of these outcome measures, their excellent reliability, and their popularity among study participants, the computerized versions of the BASDAI, BASFI, BAS-G, and Quebec Scale seem preferable to the traditional paper format.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cystic fibrosis mutations in French Canadians: three CFTR mutations are relatively frequent in a Quebec population with an elevated incidence of cystic fibrosis.

The French-Canadian population in the Saguenay-Lac St. Jean region of northeastern Quebec has an elevated frequency of cystic fibrosis (CF). The average incidence of cystic fibrosis was 1 in 891 births and the prevalence of CF carriers was estimated to be 1 in 15. We tested for 10 mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 133 French-Canadian CF families from Quebec. Ninety-one families were from the Saguenay-Lac St. Jean region and 42 families were referred from other regions of Quebec. We detected the CFTR mutation in 93 and 92% of the CF chromosomes in the Saguenay-Lac St. Jean and the major-urban Quebec families, respectively. The two groups of French-Canadian families were significantly different for the proportions of CFTR mutations. The three most common mutations in the Saguenay-Lac St. Jean families were delta F508 (58%), 621 + 1G----T (23%), and A455E (8%); and in the major-urban Quebec families were delta F508 (71%), 711 + 1G----T (9%), and 621 + 1G----T (5%). These results provide evidence for the role of founder effect in the elevated incidence of cystic fibrosis in the Saguenay-Lac St. Jean population.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1990

Socio-spatial perspectives on the utilization of emergency hospital services in two urban territories in Quebec.

Hospital emergency services located in urban areas have been severely congested for several years in the province of Quebec. This problem is not caused by ambulatory patients who are using emergency services as a regular source of care, but by patients in need of emergency services. To study the factors affecting the utilization rates of emergency services in two urban areas, the city of Laval and the Quebec metropolitan area, two samples of more than 30,000 patients each were drawn from the 1981 file of the Régie de l'assurance-maladie du Quebec. The utilization rates of emergency services for emergent and urgent causes in these two samples were computed on the basis of the census tract location of these patients. The socio-economic characteristics of these census tracts were taken from the 1981 Canadian census, the distance travelled from each census tract to the location of hospital emergency services was computed and included as a predictor of the utilization rates. Also, the prevalence of chronic and psychiatric diagnoses were obtained for each census tract. The result of the analysis showed that distance affected the utilization rates only in the Quebec metropolitan area where the hospitals are mostly located in the downtown area near deprived and working class neighbourhoods, while the socio-economic characteristics affected the utilization rates in both Quebec and Laval.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

The Quebec hemovigilance system: description and results from the first two years.

Following federal and provincial reviews of the blood system, the Canadian province of Quebec passed a series of legislative and administrative measures to improve blood safety, including the establishment of a hemovigilance system, and made infrastructure and human resource investments to support their implementation. The Quebec hemovigilance system was inspired by the French system using similar data elements and case definitions, grading of severity and determination of likelihood of association with transfusion for adverse transfusion events (ATE). The Quebec system also monitors transfusion incidents without adverse consequences such as "incorrect blood component transfused" (IBCT) and near-miss events. Accurate rate estimates are possible through the collection of denominator data on the number of blood products transfused. This paper describes the Quebec hemovigilance system and reports on ATE (including IBCT but excluding near-miss events) associated with blood components notified in 2000 and 2001, the first two years of implementation. The Quebec hemovigilance system is voluntary, but hospital participation in 2000 and 2001 represented 80% and 82% of transfused products, respectively. Notified ATE (including IBCT) increased 78% between 2000 and 2001 primarily because of better reporting of minor adverse reactions. In 2001, the overall ATE rate was 3.5 per 1000 blood components transfused. Despite an overall increase in reported ATE, rates for some serious ATE decreased in the second year, including ABO-incompatible transfusions, acute hemolytic reactions and bacterial contamination.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1997

Acid leaching studies of chrysotile asbestos from mines in the Coalinga region of California and from Quebec and British Columbia.

The dissolution of magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) from various samples of chrysotile asbestos was measured in N HCl at 25 degrees C. Nine samples were used, five from Canada and four from the Coalinga deposit in California. With milled samples from Quebec, the fraction of Mg dissolving was linearly related to the square root of the leaching time until at least 65% had dissolved. With a hand-picked sample of ore from Quebec, the sample from British Columbia and all the Californian samples, the Mg leaching patterns were sigmoid. The leaching patterns for Si were sigmoid in shape for all the materials tested. Mean Mg dissolution rates were calculated for each leaching period. Considerable differences were observed between samples from the different mining regions and also between hand-picked and milled samples from the same mine. Initially, Mg dissolved more rapidly from milled Quebec chrysotiles than from the Coalinga samples. This difference is due in part to the rapid dissolution of non-structural brucite, present in all the samples from Quebec but not in those from California. An additional cause is greater damage to the fibre surfaces resulting from the milling to which the less readily-opened fibres, typical of the Quebec mining area, were subjected. Once this readily-available Mg had dissolved, there was little difference in leaching rates between milled and unmilled samples from the different regions. When the fraction of Mg dissolving is plotted against that of Si, all the materials follow a similar pattern, suggesting that the dissolution of Si (as silica) is the rate-controlling step in the dissolution of Mg.

Asbestos, Amphibole↗
PubMed2003

Psychological distress one year after childbirth: a cross-cultural comparison between France, Italy and Quebec.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare rates of psychological distress, one year after childbirth, between women living in France, Italy and Quebec (Canada). METHODS: Analysis was performed for a sample of 1663 mothers of one-year-old children. Psychological distress rates, measured by the General Health Questionnaire and a measure of psychotropic drug use, were compared in bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: According to the GHQ scores, the psychological distress rate was significantly higher in Quebec (16% scoring over 5) than in France (11%) and Italy (9%). Differences between countries were most marked for women with a low level of education, who were more distressed in Quebec than elsewhere. However, psychotropic drug use was significantly more common in France than in Italy and Quebec. When the two indicators of psychological distress were combined (high GHQ score or use of psychotropic drugs), France and Quebec presented similar distress rates, both significantly different from Italy. CONCLUSION: Differences in the expression of distress may partly account for the observed differences in distress rate between countries. However, the social structure of each country probably plays a role in the development of psychological distress, possibly leading to differences in distress rate between countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Ontario and Quebec, 1983-1989, using hospital service databases.

To determine the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec during 1983-1989 and to demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the incidence of GBS through internal record linkage of Canadian hospital service data, we conducted a record linkage study. This study used the databases of the Hospital Medical Records Institute and the Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux du Québec. We extracted records containing the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, code for GBS or a diagnosis likely to harbor misclassified GBS cases from each database and linked them internally using computerized algorithms. We identified a total of 1,302 and 1,031 incident cases of GBS admitted to Ontario and Quebec hospitals, respectively. The calculated mean annual GBS incidence rate in each province, after age and sex standardization to the 1986 Canadian census population, was 2.02 per 100,000 person-years in Ontario and 2.30 per 100,000 person-years in Quebec. Chart reviews revealed that the false-positive diagnosis rate might be as high as 0.26 per 100,000 person-years in Ontario and 0.21 per 100,000 person-years in Quebec. With adjustment for these false-positive rates, the incidence rate of GBS becomes 1.51 per 100,000 person-years and 1.78 per 100,000 person-years in Ontario and Quebec, respectively. In both provinces, the incidence rate was higher in older age strata (70-80 years) and in males. We saw no seasonal or geographic pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Screening for neuroblastoma in North America. 2-year results from the Quebec Project.

The Quebec Neuroblastoma Screening Project was initiated to assess the clinical and biological aspects of screening infants for the presence of neuroblastoma in North America. All children born in the province of Quebec from May 1, 1989 to April 30, 1994 are eligible for participation. This report provides results from 22 months' accrual of infants who were screened using urine-saturated filter paper for determination of the catecholamine metabolites vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA). More than 157,000 infants have been screened to date at 3 weeks of age, representing 92% of the entire birth population of Quebec. Over 98,000 infants have been screened a second time at 6 months of age, which made up 76% of the Quebec birth cohort. After a two-stage initial screening, 340 (0.13%) infants (182 at 3 weeks and 158 at 6 months) required second laboratory examinations because of elevated levels of urinary VMA, HVA, or both. Twenty infants from the 3-week screening (0.01%) and nine from the 6-month screening (0.01%) were subsequently referred to one of four Quebec pediatric oncology centers for neuroblastoma evaluation. Seven of 20 children from the 3-week screening and two of nine children from the 6-month screening have been identified as having neuroblastoma. During the same period, 14 additional children in the birth cohort were diagnosed clinically with neuroblastoma; eight were diagnosed prior to screening at 3 weeks of age, three children had negative results at 3 weeks of age, two had negative results at 3 weeks and at 6 months of age, and one had never been screened.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Population history and its impact on medical genetics in Quebec.

Knowledge of the genetic demography of Quebec is useful for gene mapping, diagnosis, treatment, community genetics and public health. The French-Canadian population of Quebec, currently about 6 million people, descends from about 8500 French settlers who arrived in Nouvelle-France between 1608 and 1759. The migrations of those settlers and their descendants led to a series of regional founder effects, reflected in the geographical distribution of genetic diseases in Quebec. This review describes elements of population history and clinical genetics pertinent to the treatment of French Canadians and other population groups from Quebec and summarizes the cardinal features of over 30 conditions reported in French Canadians. Some were discovered in French Canadians, such as autosomal recessive ataxia of the Charlevoix-Saguenay (MIM 270550), agenesis of corpus callosum and peripheral neuropathy (MIM 218000) and French-Canadian-type Leigh syndrome (MIM 220111). Other conditions are particularly frequent or have special genetic characteristics in French Canadians, including oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, hepatorenal tyrosinaemia, cystic fibrosis, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and familial hypercholesterolaemia. Three genetic diseases of Quebec First Nations children are also discussed: Cree encephalitis (MIM 608505), Cree leukoencephalopathy (MIM 603896) and North American Indian childhood cirrhosis (MIM 604901).

Ethnicity↗
PubMed2000

Appropriateness of omeprazole prescribing in Quebec's senior population.

BACKGROUND: Prescribing omeprazole for the treatment of digestive disorders accounts for an important part of the costs in Quebec's drug benefit plan. In July 1993, the Quebec drug program listed omeprazole, with restriction, in its formulary. On January 1, 1994, this restriction was lifted; since then, omeprazole has been listed in the regular provincial formulary. OBJECTIVE: To describe the appropriateness of initial omeprazole prescribing in the ambulatory senior population of Quebec in the 27 months after being listed without restriction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective population-based cohort study was performed using prescription and medical services claims databases of the Quebec drug program. Data were extracted for elderly patients who received their first omeprazole prescription between July 1, 1994 and March 31, 1996. RESULTS: Among the 47,140 first-time users of omeprazole identified, 7516 (15.9%) had had an endoscopy in the previous six months, 2308 (4.9%) were given an antimicrobial agent and omeprazole simultaneously, and 22,730 (48.2%) received omeprazole after prior use of an H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) or a prokinetic drug. A total of 26,525 (56.3%) first-time users were prescribed omeprazole based on at least one of the three criteria listed above. Among these users, 729 (2.8%) received an H2RA concurrently with omeprazole. Altogether, 25,796 (54.7%) first-time users received omeprazole appropriately. CONCLUSIONS: Although reimbursement for omeprazole prescriptions has not been restricted in Quebec since January 1, 1994, it was prescribed appropriately for elderly patients in the majority of cases studied.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Improving access to family support organizations: a member survey of the AMI-Quebec Alliance for the Mentally Ill.

Family support organizations such as the Quebec Alliance for the Mentally Ill (AMI-Quebec) provide services for mentally ill individuals and their families. Despite possible benefits, there is often a lengthy period between identification of mental illness and involvement of family members with family support organizations. A survey of AMI-Quebec members was undertaken to assess this delay. Of the 186 respondents, 47 percent experienced a delay of more than two years. Only 10 percent were referred to the organization by psychiatrists. The majority would have liked to have become involved with AMI-Quebec earlier. Some approved of more proactive methods of recruitment by AMI-Quebec, such as a telephone call after an initial hospitalization.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Variation in the psychosocial determinants of the intention to prescribe hormone therapy prior to the release of the Women's Health Initiative trial: a survey of general practitioners and gynaecologists in France and Quebec.

BACKGROUND: Theory-based approaches are advocated to improve our understanding of prescription behaviour. This study is an application of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) with additional variables. It was designed to assess which variables were associated with the intention to prescribe hormone therapy (HT). In addition, variations in the measures across medical specialities (GPs and gynaecologists) and across countries (France and Quebec) were investigated. METHODS: A survey among 2,000 doctors from France and 1,044 doctors from Quebec was conducted. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. A clinical vignette was used to elicit doctors' opinions. The following TPB variables were assessed: attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, attitudinal beliefs, normative beliefs and power of control beliefs. Additional variables (role belief, moral norm and practice pattern-related factors) were also assessed. A stepwise logistic regression was used to assess which variables were associated with the intention to prescribe HT. GPs and gynaecologists were compared to each other within countries and the two countries were compared within the specialties. RESULTS: Overall, 1,085 doctors from France returned their questionnaire and 516 doctors from Quebec (response rate = 54% and 49%, respectively). In the overall regression model, power of control beliefs, moral norm and role belief were significantly associated with intention (all at p < 0.0001). The models by specialty and country were: for GPs in Quebec, power of control beliefs (p < 0.0001), moral norm (p < 0.01) and cytology and hormonal dosage (both at p < 0.05); for GPs in France, power of control beliefs and role belief (both at p < 0.0001) and perception of behavioural control (p < 0.05) and cessation of menses (p < 0.01); for gynaecologists in Quebec, moral norm and power of control beliefs (both at p = 0.01); and for gynaecologists in France, power of control beliefs (p < 0.0001), and moral norm, role belief and lipid profile (all at p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In both countries, compared with GPs, intention to prescribe HT was higher for gynaecologists. Psychosocial determinants of doctors' intention to prescribe HT varied according to the specialty and the country thus, suggesting an influence of contextual factors on these determinants.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Cost-benefit model comparing two alternative immunisation programmes against serogroup C meningococcal disease: for Quebec residents aged 2 months to 20 years.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the most efficient approach to managing an outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal disease. An early planned mass immunisation programme (MIP) was compared with a delayed programme implemented at the peak of a meningococcal outbreak. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cost-benefit model was constructed of meningococcal cases reported in Quebec, Canada, from 1990-1993, before and after the MIP, during the winter of 1992-1993, when 84% of residents aged 6 months to 20 years were vaccinated. Epidemiological data from 1990-1993 were transposed to 2002-2003 under the assumption that Quebec is on the brink of an identical outbreak cycle. All Quebec residents aged 2 months to 20 years were assumed to be vaccinated, which required a total of 1.7 million doses of conjugated vaccine. Clinical and economic outcomes of both vaccination scenarios were compared. All costs were transformed to 2001 Canadian dollars ($Can), at an annual inflation rate of 3%. Future earnings due to premature death were discounted at 5% per year with a 3% increase in wages per year and a 9% unemployment rate. PERSPECTIVE: Ministry of Health and society. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of new cases avoided and the prevention of hospital and societal costs due to meningococcal disease-attributed premature mortality and morbidity, and direct costs associated with implementation of a MIP. RESULTS: When compared with a delayed MIP over a 14-month period, an early planned MIP would have prevented 112 new cases of meningococcal disease (16 deaths, 21 major complications) while saving $ Can 37.1 million in total direct costs to the Ministry of Health and an additional $ Can 17.4 million in societal costs in the province of Quebec. CONCLUSION: An early planned MIP implemented in Quebec in September 2001, should be cost beneficial compared with delaying mass immunisation until a meningococcal outbreak is underway. Although this conclusion is limited by the assumption that epidemiological trends in 2001 in absence of a MIP would have been similar to that observed in the early 1990s prior to the MIP, the analysis still indicates that an early MIP in the 1990s would have been cost beneficial compared with a delayed MIP.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental caries in Quebec adults aged 35 to 44 years.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries in Quebec adults aged 35 to 44. METHODS: A stratified sample was used. The participation rate was 77% for the questionnaire and 44.5% for the oral examination. A total of 2,110 people were examined. The World Health Organization's caries criteria were used. Examiner agreement with gold standard dentist was excellent at the end of the nine-day training session (Kappa index > 0.8). RESULTS: The level of caries experience is very high in Quebec adults aged 35 to 44. Almost half of dental surfaces (65 of 148) have been affected. These surfaces are mostly missing (39.3) or filled (23.9). However, there were 1.8 decayed surfaces in need of treatment per adult, and more than half the people (55.5%) had no untreated decayed surfaces. Almost three-quarters of decayed surfaces were present in only 14% of the people; lower family income and lower education are risk factors. CONCLUSION: Comparison between Quebec and industrialized countries (United States, England and the Netherlands) shows that in adults 35 to 44, the mean number of decayed teeth is low (between 1.0 and 2.2) and the mean number of filled teeth is relatively similar (between 9.6 and 11.1); however, Quebec has a higher percentage than the United States of edentulous people. As well, in dentate adults, there are 1.6 times more missing teeth among Quebecers than among Americans.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Consistent low prevalence of arthritis in quebec: findings from a provincial variation study in Canada based on several canadian population health surveys.

OBJECTIVE: To examine interprovincial variations of arthritis prevalence focusing on comparisons between Quebec and the rest of Canada. METHODS: Data were derived from the 1991 General Social Survey (GSS), the 1991 Health and Activity Limitation Survey (HALS), and the 1994 and 1996 National Population Health Surveys (NPHS). Arthritis was variously ascertained through self-report of people aged 15 years or older. Prevalence in Quebec was compared with other provinces using extremal quotients (EQ) and correlation analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis (1996 NPHS) was used to determine whether the low prevalence in Quebec persisted after controlling for confounding factors including age, sex, education, marital status, occupation, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity, and smoking. RESULTS: Quebec consistently had the lowest provincial prevalence of arthritis, with age-sex adjusted prevalences of 18.4% (GSS), 1.9% (HALS), 8.8%, and 10.1% (1994 and 1996 NPHS), which were significantly lower than the corresponding national estimates: 21.2%, 3.1%, 12.9%, and 13.3%. EQ from different surveys varied from 1.5 to 3.0 (significantly > 1). Correlation analyses reveal that relative rankings for provinces were consistent in all surveys. Logistic regression analyses showed a low risk of arthritis for Quebecois: odds ratio 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.65, 0.87) after controlling for potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION: The low prevalence of arthritis observed in Quebec cannot be explained by potential confounding factors included in the NPHS and warrants further epidemiological studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Surgery versus collagen for female stress urinary incontinence: economic assessment in Ontario and Quebec.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of surgery versus collagen injection to treat female stress urinary incontinence after the failure of initial surgical treatment. The analysis was conducted from the health care system perspectives of Ontario and Quebec. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A decision-tree was constructed to compare each of three surgeries (i.e., retropubic suspension, transvaginal suspension, sling procedures) with collagen. An average cost estimate was generated for each intervention, as was an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for each surgery-collagen comparison. RESULTS: In both Ontario and Quebec, the treatment with the lowest average cost was collagen (Ontario: collagen = 2695 dollars; Quebec: collagen = 2718 dollars). However, the surgeries had higher probabilities of success (defined as 'cure' - no urine leakage during follow-up examinations), with point estimates of at least.79 (.53 for collagen). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the base case analyses of all treatment comparisons indicated that the cost to cure an additional patient with surgery could range from 1824 dollars to 6814 dollars in Ontario and 1388 dollars to 3008 dollars in Quebec. These ratios were sensitive to changes in the mean number of injections for collagen patients and to a reduction in the length of hospital stay for surgery to 1 day. CONCLUSIONS: Collagen injection may be cost-effective as a follow-up treatment to initial surgical failure in both Ontario and Quebec when the number of injections is kept to a minimum and hospital stays after surgery are relatively lengthy. Otherwise, surgery may be cost-effective.

Collagen↗