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Results for “Psychophysiologic Disorders”

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PubMed2003

[Psychophysiologic disorders in patients with functional disorders of upper sections of the gastrointestinal tract and with gastroesophageal reflux disease].

The features of the psychovegetative status in patients with functional disorders of the esophagus and stomach (FD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are investigated. The methods included clinical, instrumental and psychometric examination. The patients of both groups had similar vegetative abnormalities and a tendency towards the growth of depression and anxiety parameters, did not differ in psychosocial factors, and had a wide range of psychovegetative abnormalities (PA). Lump in the throat, heartburn, epigastralgia (p < 0.01), depression, actual anxiety, alexitymia and vegetative disorders decreased in both groups (p < 0.05) after treatment with citalopram (20 mg per day) during 2 months. So PA are revealed in patients with FD and GERD, and citalopram reduces psychovegetative and GIT disorders.

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation↗
PubMed1986

Integrated psychotherapeutic treatment of somatoform and other psychophysiological disorders.

In this article, we have described a subgroup of patients referred from a general medical setting and suffering from a cluster of similar physical and emotional symptoms, while presenting similar psychodynamics and personality traits. In contrast to a certain scepticism in the psychiatric community about the usefulness of psychotherapy with these people, our experience suggests that when a number of diverse psychotherapeutic techniques are drawn upon in an integrated fashion, psychotherapy can be an effective clinical tool. The coping-rest model, with its combination of physiological, behavioural and dynamic approaches, has been particularly helpful. We present 3 representative cases, which reflect the overall clinical and personality features of the subgroup and the integrated psychotherapeutic approach that was utilized.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Psychotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of psychophysiologic disorders.

The outlined treatment strategies are based on research findings. The techniques include repeated physical examinations to reassure patients with hypochondriacal concern and continuous empathy with the partient's distress; explanatory therapy which includes emphasis on the innocuousness of the phenomena, accurate information about the psychophysiologic processes involved, making the patient aware of his selective perception; deliberate suggestion when this is in keeping with accurate predictions and appropriate treatment of coexisting psychiatric disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Personality disorders: psychophysiological and neuropsychological correlates of risk].

In forensic practice there is an urgent need for criteria which separate personalities with a high risk for violent behaviour from those less likely to cause complications upon discharge or relaxed enforcement. Based upon a sample of over 64 expert opinions on conditional discharge from imprisonment, especially violent offenders and the diagnostic groups of personality disorders and substance abuse were investigated. Dangerousness and risk assessment was based on the criteria of the Psychopathy-Check-List (PCL-SV). Psychopathy has a high coincidence with addiction, hyperkinetical disorders and antisocial behaviour. In our sample of 64 offenders a standardized psychophysiological stress test (with a visuo-acoustic startle stimulus) was administered. Physiological indices consisted of skin conductance, pulse frequency, skin temperature and muscle tension (frontalis). Significant correlations between physiological data and cognitive and personality variables based upon extensive psychodiagnostic assessment are reported. Individual differences in stress reactivity with regard to psychopathy (Hare) and implications for therapy are further discussed.

Brain↗
PubMed1999

[The characteristics of the metabolic and psychophysiological disorders in patients in different stages of chronic alcoholism].

The content of endogenic ethanol (EE) and acetaldehyde (AcA) in blood, excretion of catecholamines (CA) with urine and their content in blood, functional activity of vegetative nerve system and central nerve system were studied in patients with chronic alcoholism in the period of short-term remission. It is shown that the formation and development of chronic alcoholism is accompanied by the shift of the relation AcA/EE towards the progressive accumulation of AcA, disturbances in CA metabolism, shifts in the activity of vegetative nerve system and CNS. Data obtained in the work evidence for the important role of disturbances in metabolic processes (especially E metabolism, as well as CA) in pathogenesis of alcohol dependence.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1986

Hypnotherapy in children. New approach to solving common pediatric problems.

Physicians have long used the power of suggestion informally in their practice as a means of motivating patients and boosting compliance. Recent research shows that formal use of hypnosis can be a valuable primary or adjunctive therapy, especially in children. Children are more in touch with innate imagery processes than adults and consequently can learn and use self-hypnosis easily, particularly to control autonomic responses. Hypnotherapy has proven useful in habit and behavior disorders, psychophysiologic disorders, pain control, anxiety control, cellular growth, and chronic conditions. The cases reported here illustrate the effectiveness of this process in children. Before hypnotherapy can be used clinically, the physician should become certified by an association approved by the American Medical Association and know when hypnotherapy is indicated and how long it should be continued.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Psychophysiological alterations in post-traumatic stress disorder.

Psychophysiological research in trauma-exposed populations has provided objective data supporting the validity of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic concept. Consistent with a conditioning model, PTSD patients show specific increased peripheral physiological responding to audio-visually and imaginally presented stimuli symbolizing or resembling the etiologic traumatic event. PTSD patients respond to startling stimuli with larger autonomic and electromyographic responses, especially under threat conditions. Electroencephalographic event-related potential (ERP) response abnormalities in PTSD include reduced P2 amplitude at high stimulus intensities, impaired P1 habituation, and attenuated P3 amplitude to target auditory stimuli. However, larger P3 and N1 amplitude responses and shorter P3 and N1 latencies have been reported in PTSD subjects in response to trauma-related stimuli. These ERP findings suggest sensory, cognitive, and affective processing abnormalities in PTSD. Polysomnographic sleep studies have revealed increased awakenings, reduced sleep time, and increased motor activity, or in some cases, paradoxical deepening of sleep. There is also evidence for increased phasic eye movement activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and disrupted REM continuity in PTSD. Psychophysiological studies are offering valuable insights into the pathophysiology of this important neuropsychiatric condition.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1984

Psychophysiological dysfunctions in the developmental course of schizophrenic disorders.

Psychophysiological anomalies in symptomatic schizophrenic patients, remitted schizophrenic patients, and individuals at heightened risk for a schizophrenic disorder are reviewed with an emphasis on electrodermal anomalies. Two electrodermal anomalies are identified in different subgroups of symptomatic patients: (1) an abnormally high sympathetic arousal and (2) an abnormal absence of skin conductance orienting responses to innocuous environmental stimuli. The same two electrodermal anomalies also have been observed in remitted schizophrenic patients. Among high-risk individuals, the offspring of schizophrenic patients display abnormally high electrodermal responsiveness to aversive stimulation, whereas a substantial proportion of college students who score high on physical anhedonia (a putative risk factor for schizophrenia) exhibit skin conductance nonresponsiveness. Thus, heightened sensitivity to aversive stimulation appears to be associated with a genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, while tonic hyperarousal , which occurs in subgroups of symptomatic and remitted schizophrenic patients, may reflect a later developmental consequence of the underlying vulnerability. Skin conductance nonresponsivity may represent a different developmental consequence associated with the same underlying vulnerability or it may represent a different type of vulnerability. Other psychophysiological anomalies also are promising indicators of the vulnerability to schizophrenia (e.g., deviant smooth pursuit eye movements, attenuated P300 component of the event-related brain potential, reduced electroencephalic (EEG) alpha activity, and heightened EEG delta activity).

Arousal↗
PubMed2001

Psycho dermatology: the mind and skin connection.

A psychodermatologic disorder is a condition that involves an interaction between the mind and the skin. Psychodermatologic disorders fall into three categories: psychophysiologic disorders, primary psychiatric disorders and secondary psychiatric disorders. Psychophysiologic disorders (e.g., psoriasis and eczema) are associated with skin problems that are not directly connected to the mind but that react to emotional states, such as stress. Primary psychiatric disorders involve psychiatric conditions that result in self-induced cutaneous manifestations, such as trichotillomania and delusions of parasitosis. Secondary psychiatric disorders are associated with disfiguring skin disorders. The disfigurement results in psychologic problems, such as decreased self-esteem, depression or social phobia. Most psychodermatologic disorders can be treated with anxiety-decreasing techniques or, in extreme cases, psychotropic medications.

Diagnosis, Differential↗