SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Psychiatric disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1981

Psychiatric disorders in the context of evoolutionary biology. An ethological model of behavioral changes associated with psychiatric disorders.

This paper presents a model designed to account for behavioral changes associated with acute psychiatric illnesses. The model is developed from concepts and data presented in previous work by the authors and others and is strongly influenced by modern evolutionary theory. The model places a strong emphasis on the structural and organizational features of behavior and on testability.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Dimensions of psychological disorders in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders based on clinical observations].

Up to now dimensional classification systems for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents have been developed exclusively on the basis of parent, teacher and self-report questionnaires. In the present study a dimensional classification system for psychiatric disorders was developed that is based on clinical ratings and involves factor, reliability and correlational analyses. The ratings are made with a special documentation system for psychopathology in children and adolescents. Four primary symptom scales (aggressive symptoms, antisocial symptoms, hyperkinetic symptoms and social-emotional impulsivity) are combined into the secondary scale external symptoms. Two symptom scales (social and achievement anxiety, depressive symptoms) make up the scale internal symptoms. Two other symptom scales cover language and eating disturbances. Reliability coefficients are given and correlational structures discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Diagnosing psychiatric disorders in adolescent females with abdominal pain.

Psychiatric diseases, recently renamed psychiatric disorders by the American Psychiatric Association, are commonly associated with abdominal pain in adolescents but may be difficult to diagnose. In a prospective study, we evaluated four psychiatric scales, including the Childhood Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) as aids in the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in 40 adolescent females with abdominal pain. Final diagnosis of organic-dysfunctional disease was made in 32 patients, and a psychiatric disorder was found in eight. Only the CDI (p = 0.001) and the State (p = 0.006) and Trait (p = 0.022) scales of the STAI had significantly different mean values between subjects with organic-dysfunctional disease and a psychiatric disorder. Almost all subjects with a psychiatric disorder had abnormally high scores, whereas the subjects with organic-dysfunctional disease did not. We conclude that three brief, self-administered psychiatric scales may be useful in differentiating between organic-dysfunctional disease and a psychiatric disorder in adolescent patients with abdominal pain.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2004

Fatal voluntary salt intake resulting in the highest ever documented sodium plasma level in adults (255 mmol L-1): a disorder linked to female gender and psychiatric disorders.

Excessive ingestion of salt is a well-recognized cause of hypernatraemia in children, is uncommonly recognized in debilitated elderly persons, but is rarely diagnosed in healthy, independent adults. We report a case of fatal salt poisoning in a 20-year-old lady who suffered of post-natal depression and ingested large quantities of salt as part of exorcism ritual. She presented with the highest ever documented serum sodium level of 255 mmol L(-1), associated with severe neurological impairment that was unresponsive to aggressive hypotonic fluid replacement. Post-mortem examination ruled out any other possible probable cause of death. The medical literature was reviewed, and 16 previous cases of severe hypernatraemia in adults secondary to excessive salt ingestion were retrieved. Common features of all reported cases included female gender (95% of cases) and evidence of underlying cognitive or psychiatric disorders (all reported cases). We conclude that women with documented cognitive or psychiatric disorders, in particular depression, are susceptible for psychogenic salt poisoning. Awareness should be raised to the potentially life-risking use of salty beverages as emetics or as part of 'exorcism' rituals.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Coping in chest pain patients with and without psychiatric disorders.

We first examined relations between psychiatric disorder and coronary heart disease (CHD) in 77 patients presenting with chest pain. The coping profiles of chest pain patients with and without psychiatric disorder and CHD were then compared. Psychiatric patients with no medical illness (n = 129) were also studied. On the basis of previous research we hypothesized specific coping differences across the groups. As expected, chest pain patients without psychiatric disorder scored significantly higher on a problem-focused coping scale than chest pain patients with psychiatric disorder, who in scored higher on this scale than psychiatric patients with no medical illness. The opposite pattern occurred for a measure of wishful thinking. Scores of chest pain patients with psychiatric disorder were higher on a measure of avoidance and lower on a measure of seeking of social supports than those without psychiatric disorder. Scores on a self-blame measure were not different across the groups. The results are discussed in the context of illness behavior and somatization.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1994

Substance abuse and associated psychiatric disorder among 100 adolescents.

One hundred adolescents aged 14 to 20 were studied in treatment programs located in two states (Minnesota and Oklahoma). The purpose of the study was to assess the course of substance use, number and type of substance disorder diagnoses, severity of substance disorder, treatment history for substance disorder, and psychiatric comorbidity. Duration of course, frequency of substance use, abuse vs. dependence, types of substances used, and associated problems are described as a function of age. Areas of psychiatric and social assessment included: (1) psychiatric self rating scales in those 17 years and older (BDI and SCL-90); (2) psychiatrist rated scales (Hamiltons for anxiety and depression, BPRS, GAS); (3) psychosocial status (Hollingshead and Redlich SES, DSM-III Axes 3 and 4); (4) associated Axis 1 psychiatric diagnoses; (5) family history of mood and other psychiatric disorder; (6) childhood history; and (7) history of previous psychiatric treatment. These data confirm the severity of substance use among younger adolescents presenting to clinical facilities with substance disorder, but further reveal progressive substance disorder severity as these adolescents age. Both self rated and psychiatrist rated scales showed increased depressive symptoms with increasing age. Eating Disorders occurred more often among older adolescents. Loss of either parent in childhood was associated with younger current age.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

A revised anchored version of the BPRS-C for childhood psychiatric disorders.

The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children (BPRS-C) is increasingly used as an outcome measure in research, managed care, and public sector child/adolescent clinical settings. The BPRS-C was developed to provide a descriptive profile of symptoms applicable to a broad range of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Its use frequently includes trained and untrained clinician raters with differing degrees of experience and training in child and adolescent disorders. Unfortunately, this latter approach leads to a large amount of variability in scores and consequently reduces its overall reliability. This study reports on a revised BPRS-C with the addition of clinical descriptive anchors designed to improve reliability and validity for both trained and untrained raters. A sample of 4,733 children and adolescents seen in 10 public sector facilities was administered the BPRS-C along with other standard clinical measures (Child Behavior Checklist and Global Assessment of Functioning). Additional reliability data were gathered in a University Medical Center child and adolescent research site with both trained and untrained raters. The data indicated improvement in overall reliability and validity scores, good internal consistency, and improved factor scores. The addition of an overall total severity score may prove to be a useful outcome measure for assessment of treatment response.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychiatric disorders among offender patients in the Accra Psychiatric Hospital.

Details of personal data, criminal activity and the clinical diagnosis at the time of offence of one hundred and thirty (130) mentally ill offenders confirmed in the Accra Psychiatric Hospital were collected and analysed, to determine the common psychiatric disorders implicated in crime, and the vulnerable age group of such offender patients. Further, their current mental state was examined. The crime rate was found to be highest among late adolescents and young adults. The commonest psychiatric disorders implicated in various criminal acts were the psychotic states especially schizophrenia and drug induced psychotic state. Moreover there was a small group of offenders diagnosed as suffering from harmful drug use without associated psychoses. The duration of these mentally ill offenders was found to be very long although the majority showed no evidence of florid psychotic symptoms. The implications of the findings were discussed and suggestions made regarding the disposal of mentally ill offenders for future consideration.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents: psychiatric disorders in the second three months.

Psychiatric disorders may be common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children, yet there is a death of prospective studies examining this problem. Fifty children aged 6 to 14, hospitalized after TBI, were assessed soon after TBI regarding preinjury psychiatric, behavioral, adaptive, and family functioning, family psychiatric history status and injury severity. The outcome measure was the presence of a "novel" psychiatric disorder (not present before the injury) during the second 3 months after the injury. Forty-two subjects were reassessed at 6 months. Severity of injury, family psychiatric history, and family function predicted a novel psychiatric disorder. Among children suffering a mild/moderate injury, those with preinjury lifetime psychiatric disorders were no longer (as they had been in the first 3 months) at higher risk than those without such a lifetime history. Thus, there appeared to be children, identifiable through clinical assessment, at increased risk for novel psychiatric disorders after TBI.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Measurement of psychiatric disorder in rheumatoid arthritis.

In a detailed physical and psychiatric assessment of 80 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) different instruments were used to measure psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was 21% when assessed by the PSE/CATEGO programme and 24% according to RDC criteria, but these figures were nearly doubled if a lower threshold was used to define psychiatric disorder. This study demonstrates how symptoms directly attributable to arthritis may inflate the estimated prevalence of psychiatric disorder in RA and erroneously indicate a direct relationship between severity if RA and psychiatric disorder. In fact, the best prediction of psychiatric disorder resulted from using a combination of measures of social stress and severity of RA.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2001

Relationship between specific adverse life events and psychiatric disorders.

This study examines whether certain psychiatric disorders are associated more closely with adverse life events than other disorders are, and whether some adverse life events are associated with a specific group of disorders (e.g., depressive disorders), but not with other disorders (e.g., anxiety disorders). A probability sample of youth aged 9-17 at 4 sites is used (N = 1,285). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions identify specific relationships between 25 adverse life events and 9 common child and adolescent psychiatric disorders, measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Dysthymia are significantly associated with many of the adverse life events examined, whereas Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Agoraphobia, and Social Phobia are related to very few. This study suggests that certain psychiatric disorders may be more closely associated with adverse life events than other psychiatric disorders are, and that some adverse life events seem to be related to specific types of disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Psychiatric disorders in children with intellectual disability.

We investigated psychiatric disorders in intellectually disabled children; the prevalence rate and types of psychiatric disorders, and the association of psychiatric disorders with sex, residence type, level of disability, and epilepsy were examined. The population comprised 155 intellectually disabled children. Medical information was obtained from case files, which indicated that a psychiatric disorder had previously been diagnosed for 11% of patients. A careful re-examination of the case files revealed a psychiatric disorder for 33%. The criteria of a psychiatric ICD-10 diagnosis were fulfilled by 23%, and a further 10% had an unspecified mental disorder. The most common diagnoses were pervasive developmental disorders and hyperkinetic disorders. The former were less common among children with mild intellectual disability. In conclusion, about one-third of children with intellectual disability have a psychiatric disorder which needs to be taken into account in treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Maladaptative parenting and the association between parental and offspring psychiatric disorders].

A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the role of maladaptive parental behavior and the association between parent and offspring psychiatric disorders. Psychosocial and psychiatric interviews were carried out in a representative community sample of 593 biological parents and their offspring from two counties in the state of New York in 1975, 1983, 1985-86, and 1991-93. In 1975, the mean age of offspring was 6 years. Maladaptive parental behavior was assessed in 1975, 1983, and 1985-86. Parent and offspring psychiatric symptoms were assessed in 1983, 1985-86, and 1991-93. Maladaptive parental behavior substantially mediated a significant association between parental and offspring psychiatric symptoms. Parents with psychiatric disorders had higher levels of maladaptive behavior in the household than did parents without psychiatric disorders. Maladaptive parental behavior, in turn, was associated with increased offspring risk for psychiatric disorders during adolescence and early adulthood. Most of the youths that experienced high levels of maladaptive parental behavior during childhood had psychiatric disorders during adolescence or early adulthood, independent of whether or not their parents had psychiatric disorders. In contrast, the offspring of parents with psychiatric disorders were not at increased risk for psychiatric disorders unless there was a history of maladaptive parental behavior. Maladaptive parental behavior is associated with increased risk for the development of psychiatric disorders among the offspring of parents with and without psychiatric disorders. Maladaptive parental behavior appears to be an important mediator of the association between parental and offspring psychiatric symptoms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Psychiatric disorders in a sample of repeat impaired-driving offenders.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess alcohol- and drug-use disorders and other psychiatric disorders in a sample of repeat driving under the influence (DUI) offenders. METHOD: We interviewed offenders to estimate lifetime and 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders as designated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (alcohol and drug abuse and dependence, major depressive or dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder, post- traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and obsessive-compulsive disorder). The offenders interviewed (385 men, 74 women) were those who had been adjudicated in the Multnomah County, OR, Driving Under the Influence of Intoxicants Intensive Supervision Program. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: The majority of respondents (53.8%) were alcohol dependent. Sixty-five percent of men and 79.7% of women had at least one lifetime disorder comorbid with alcohol abuse or dependence. The most prevalent lifetime non-substance-use disorder was major depressive or dysthymic disorder (30.9%) followed by PTSD (15.3%). Approximately 40% of subjects reported meeting criteria for lifetime nonalcohol drug abuse for at least one drug type, and 30% were drug dependent for at least one drug type; overall, 54% of all offenders had drug abuse or dependence disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment and treatment services for repeat alcohol-impaired driving offenders should be sufficiently comprehensive to provide care for drug-use disorders and other psychiatric problems.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Drug-induced psychiatric disorders and their management.

Psychiatric disorders induced by drugs are of most concern when they occur in the context of therapeutic use of a drug. Such iatrogenic psychiatric disturbances may interfere considerably with the treatment of the primary illness and may cause concern to patients, their relatives and the medical staff. Because many drugs are often used simultaneously in seriously ill patients, it may be difficult to be sure which drug may have been responsible. The best procedure is to remove those drugs which are most probable causes of the psychiatric disturbances as well as any drugs that are not truly essential for the treatment of the patient. Problems involved in evaluating the relationship between use of drugs and psychiatric disorders are considerable. Many reports are isolated cases and the denominators which might provide some idea of the potential risk are unknown. Many relationships are still controversial, such as the association of depression with sedatives, antihypertensives and oral contraceptives. Areas of uncertainty are great. Psychomotor impairment may be caused by a drug that can alter consciousness, or any drugs that can produce more delineated psychiatric syndromes. Sedative drugs are those most commonly associated with psychomotor impairment, and may include psychotherapeutic drugs, sedative antihistamines, narcotic analgesics and, of course, the widely used social drug, alcohol. Delirious states are most often associated with drugs that possess central anticholinergic actions. These include not only drugs clearly identified as anticholinergics, but also tricyclic antidepressants and anti-Parkinson drugs. Cimetidine, which is often used parenterally in seriously ill patients, is also a prominent cause. Delirium is most often seen in elderly patients and in those who have received rather large doses of drugs. The association of schizophrenic-like psychoses with dopaminomimetic drugs tends to support the prevailing dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Levodopa, the dopamine precursor, and bromocriptine, a direct dopamine agonist, are examples of such relationships. Abuse of social drugs has also been thought to provide a useful model of schizophrenia. Hallucinogens are probably a rather poor model, abuse of amphetamines may provide a better model, and possibly the best is the psychotic state elicited by phencyclidine. Manic reactions are clinically difficult to differentiate from schizophrenic-like psychoses and are often produced by similar drugs. Corticosteroids may produce either manic or schizophrenic-like disorders, as well as occasionally confusion and depression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder: a case series.

The association between psychiatric illness and headache is widely recognized. However, cases in which psychiatric disorders are the principal cause of headache are believed to be rare. "Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder" is a new category of secondary headache in the 2004 revision of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. The authors describe six patients in whom a psychiatric disorder is the most plausible cause of headache; most meet the new criteria or candidate criteria for headache attributed to a psychiatric disorder. The revised headache classification system appropriately recognizes headaches attributed to psychiatric disorder as a form of secondary headache.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

Psychiatric disorders in civilian pilots.

Psychiatric disorders are second only to cardiovascular disorders as a cause of permanent loss of licence in both professional aircrew and private pilots in the UK. In professional aircrew, psychiatric disorders are commonly aviation-related, whilst in private pilots less effective selection and the stresses of business and personal affairs are common factors. Because human error is a major cause of accidents, the early diagnosis of disorders of thought and behaviour is clearly crucial in promoting flight safety. Airline doctors and AMEs must play the most important part.

Aerospace Medicine↗

PubMed2005

Metabolic issues and cardiovascular disease in patients with psychiatric disorders.

Individuals with psychiatric disorders tend to have excessive morbidity. They typically have high rates of respiratory illnesses, infectious diseases, substance abuse (including smoking), obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Persons with schizophrenia and affective disorders also have a high prevalence of risk factors for CVD, such as diabetes and obesity, which are on the order of 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than in the general population; this translates into increased mortality rates due to CVD. The use of certain psychotropics results in metabolic sequelae, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose dysregulation, and the metabolic syndrome. These sequelae exacerbate the already elevated risk of CVD and diabetes in this group of people. Therefore, the use of psychotropic agents that result in, for example, excessive weight gain not only add another complication for physicians managing a patient with schizophrenia but also may have serious prognostic and cost implications with respect to treatment-related diabetes and coronary disease incidence. The recent American Diabetes Association (ADA) Consensus Panel concluded that some agents are associated with greater diabetes risk than others. The current review describes the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in people with affective disorders and schizophrenic populations, its prognostic relevance, and its exacerbation among patients treated with particular psychotropic agents, including certain atypical antipsychotics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and mood stabilizers. The costs associated with the treatment of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and coronary heart disease in populations with schizophrenia are also described.

Antipsychotic Agents↗