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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

A 10-week strength training program: effect on the motor performance of an unimpaired upper extremity.

OBJECTIVE: Muscle strength training is one of the most common therapy methods in physical therapy programs, and the usual goal of this treatment is to improve muscle strength. Little attention has been paid, however, to the effects of strength training on the other components of motor performance. This study examined the effects of a 10-week strength training program on the motor performance of the hand, including reaction time, speed of movement, tapping speed, and coordination in normal healthy volunteers. DESIGN: Before-after trial. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Sixteen healthy women volunteers aged 25 to 45 years participated. INTERVENTION: Subjects accomplished a 10-week muscle strength training program of the upper extremities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reaction time, speed of movement, tapping speed, and coordination were measured three times on consecutive days, and muscle strength and electromyographic values of the right upper extremity were recorded once before the training period. After the training period, the same measurements were made as before the training. RESULTS: The 10-week strength training decreased choice reaction time by 6% (p < .01) and increased tapping speed by 3% (p < .01) and coordination by 5% (p < .05). Speed of movement increased, but this change was not statistically significant. All the measured isometric muscle strengths and electromyographic activations upon maximum isometric contraction increased. CONCLUSIONS: A 10-week strength training of the upper extremities increased muscle strength and some motor performance functions of the hand, including choice reaction time, tapping speed, and coordination.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Is the early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment program effective with developmentally disabled children?

The effectiveness of the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program (EPSDT) in identifying health and developmental problems and facilitating diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for a sample of Michigan children with moderate and severe developmental disabilities was studied. Three data sets, derived from parent reports and Medicaid records concerning 281 Medicaid-eligible, young developmentally disabled children from nine representative counties in the state were studied. Approximately 56% of these children had used EPSDT, and 44% had not. Findings from the first data base, a parent questionnaire, indicated no differences between the two groups in terms of age at diagnosis, access to routine or specialized health care, or reasons for inability to obtain needed care. The second database, the screening summaries from the EPSDT sites, contained reports on 108 children. Many of the required procedures were not performed on these children. The final data set, the Medicaid claims records, was used to assess whether appropriate medical follow-up occurred in response to the screening encounter. Only 62% of the screenings with a referral had a Medicaid visit within 1 year of screening and only half of the referrals that resulted in a follow-up visit had a diagnosis that confirmed the reason for referral. Recommendations for improving the health and developmental screening of disabled children are presented and the policy implications of these findings are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Prepartum grain feeding and subsequent lactation forage program effects on performance of dairy cows in early lactation.

One hundred fifty-six Holstein cows were balanced prior to drying off to one of three diets offered during the dry period (dry matter basis): A) forage only (50% corn silage:50% alfalfa silage), B) forage as A plus a standard dairy grain mix (1.73% calcium), and C) same as B except a low calcium grain mix (.35% calcium). Grain feeding started 3 wk prepartum. Cows from each dry treatment were assigned to one of two treatments during the first 21 d postpartum: total mixed ration (dry matter basis); 50% grain:50% corn silage; or 50% grain:25% corn silage:25% alfalfa silage. Dry period feeding program had no effect on postpartum dry matter intake, milk yield, or composition. Prepartum grain feeding resulted in increased body weight gain during the last 3 wk of the dry period. Feeding corn silage postpartum as the sole forage resulted in higher dry matter intakes (15.0 vs. 14.1 kg/d), milk production (31.3 vs. 29.7 kg/d), and less body weight loss (36 vs. 58 kg) during the first 21 d postpartum than feeding a 50% corn silage:50% alfalfa silage mixture. However, differences varied depending on dry cow feeding program. All dry cow treatments resulted in a high incidence of milk fever (11.5, 11.5, and 15.5% for A, B, and C, respectively). Dry cow rations containing as little as 50% alfalfa silage appear to predispose cows to increased incidence of milk fever.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of a brief chronic pain management program: effects and limitations.

The short- and long-term efficacy of a multidisciplinary pain management program was evaluated in a group of 35 chronic pain patients. At posttreatment, patients reported lower pain levels, more up-time, less medication consumption, an increase in positive cognitions about pain, and more (psychologically oriented) active coping. At follow-up, treatment gains were only partly maintained. A theoretical model regarding the impact of the treatment program was discussed. Plans for future efforts to enhance transfer and maintenance of therapeutic benefits were presented.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Predictors of outcome in methadone programs: effect of HIV counseling and testing.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of treatment outcomes in methadone maintenance programs and to determine whether HIV counseling and testing influenced these outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective record review. SETTING: Four methadone maintenance programs in four cities in Connecticut, USA. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred and ninety-four clients, who began treatment over an 18-month period and for whom records were available, took part. INTERVENTIONS: HIV counseling and testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk of treatment discontinuation and persistent in-treatment illicit drug use. RESULTS: The most important predictor of treatment discontinuation and of persistent in-treatment illicit drug use was self-reported pretreatment cocaine use. After controlling for this and demographic risk factors, clients who received initial HIV counseling, when compared with clients who did not, had a similar 12-month discontinuation risk (54% vs 59%; P = 0.08) but were less likely to show persistent illicit drug use (46% vs 53%; P = 0.01). Among counseled entrants who were tested for HIV antibodies, those receiving positive results had a 12-month discontinuation risk similar to those receiving negative results (50% vs 52%), but more often showed persistent illicit drug use (57% vs 44%), although this difference may have been due to chance (P = 0.28). The majority of clients who discontinued treatment did so because they were discharged for noncompliance with clinic rules, usually for failing to pay fees. CONCLUSIONS: HIV counseling and testing do not have a substantial adverse effect on methadone treatment outcomes. In the clinics under study, failure to pay clinic fees was an important factor contributing to discontinuation of treatment.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of outcome in methadone programs: effect of HIV counseling and testing.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of treatment outcomes in methadone maintenance programs and to determine whether HIV counseling and testing influenced these outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective record review. SETTING: Four methadone maintenance programs in four cities in Connecticut, USA. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred and ninety-four clients, who began treatment over an 18-month period and for whom records were available, took part. INTERVENTIONS: HIV counseling and testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk of treatment discontinuation and persistent in-treatment illicit drug use. RESULTS: The most important predictor of treatment discontinuation and of persistent in-treatment illicit drug use was self-reported pre-treatment cocaine use. After controlling for this and demographic risk factors, clients who received initial HIV counseling, when compared with clients who did not, had a similar 12-month discontinuation risk (54 versus 59%; P = 0.08) but were less likely to show persistent illicit drug use (46 versus 53%; P = 0.01). Among counseled entrants who were tested for HIV antibodies, those receiving positive results had a 12-month discontinuation risk similar to those receiving negative results (50 versus 52%), but more often showed persistent illicit drug use (57 versus 44%), although this difference may have been due to chance (P = 0.28). The majority of clients who discontinued treatment did so because they were discharged for non-compliance with clinic rules, usually for failing to pay fees. CONCLUSIONS: HIV counseling and testing do not have a substantial adverse effect on methadone treatment outcomes. In the clinics under study, failure to pay clinic fees was an important factor contributing to discontinuation of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effective program designed for long-term surveillance following colonoscopic polypectomy of adenomas.

Eighty-six patients who had adenoma and underwent colonoscopic polypectomy were examined by colonoscopy over a long period (mean follow-up time: 5 years) to establish an effective long-term surveillance program. The incidence of neogenetic lesions in patients with a large monoadenoma (diameter 0.5 cm; LA 69.7%) and polyadenoma (PA 74.2%) was higher than in those with a small monoadenoma (diameter <0.5 cm; SA 27.3%). We found 4 and 2 carcinomas in patients with LA and PA, respectively. The high incidence of neogenetic lesions in patients with LA (40.7%) and PA (50.0%) did not decrease with the passage of time. Long-term surveillance with total colonoscopy should be performed every two years in patients with large monoadenoma or polyadenoma for effective detection of neogenetic lesions.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1999

A postpartum self-medication program: effect on narcotic use.

Our objective was to determine the impact of a self-medication program on postpartum narcotic use. We retrospectively studied narcotic use in patients who underwent vaginal delivery before and after implementation of a self-medication program in April 1997. Narcotic use was compared between patients who delivered in January 1997 (n = 263) and those who delivered in January 1998 (n = 254). Oral narcotic use was also analyzed with respect to type of vaginal delivery (spontaneous vs. operative), extent of episiotomy or laceration, and use of epidural analgesia during labor. Narcotic use was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in postpartum patients who participated in the self-medication program. The reduction was consistent despite the type of vaginal delivery or use of epidural analgesia during labor. A more extensive episiotomy or laceration at delivery (fourth-degree episiotomy or vaginal sulcus tear) was associated with an increase in narcotic use, although there was still a statistically significant decrease in use in patients in the self-medication program. A significant reduction in postpartum narcotic use may be achieved through implementation of a self-medication program. As a result, substantial benefits are potentially gained by both the patients and the nursing staff.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Evaluating family planning program effectiveness and efficiency.

This article proposes an integrated in-house evaluation model for family planning programs. The model is designed to meet the need of program management for an operational and internal evaluation system suited to the ongoing character of program activities and focused on the feedback of information for program planning. The ideas presented are applied to the context of the Albany County Family Planning Service, Inc., Wyoming.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-reported data: reliability and role in determining program effectiveness.

This study was conducted to assess the reliability of self-reported hospitalization data, as well as the appropriateness of using self-reported data in evaluating the effectiveness of the Maine Ambulatory Diabetes Education and Follow-Up (ADEF) program. A Maine Blue Cross/Blue Shield (BC/BS) inpatient claims file was used as the reference source to verify self-reported hospitalization data. For a sample of 99 BC/BS subscribers who attended the ADEF program, 77% of the study participants accurately self-reported hospitalization patterns over a 12-mo time period before attending the education program, and 81% of the participants accurately self-reported hospitalization patterns during a posteducation follow-up time period. The reference BC/BS claims data documented a reduction in hospitalizations for the study participants similar to that reported using the ADEF self-reported hospitalization data. The Maine Diabetes Control Project used the self-reported hospitalization data in combination with selected reference claims data to secure third-party reimbursement for the Maine ADEF Program.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Specialized physical training programs: effects on serum lipoprotein cholesterol, apoproteins A-I and B and lipolytic enzyme activities.

To determine the effects of different types of physical training on lipid metabolism, serum lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol, apoproteins A-I and B, hepatic (HTGL), extrahepatic (LPL) and total (PHLA) post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activities were studied in elite athletes engaged in aerobic ("B", no. 13), anaerobic ("C", no. 17) and mixed ("D", no. 9) training programs and in a group of sedentary controls ("A", no. 15). In the aerobic and mixed groups serum triglycerides were significantly lower compared to sedentary controls while total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, as well as serum apoprotein B levels were only slightly lower. HDL cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol were slightly higher while serum cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (2.89 +/- 0.37 vs 3.6 +/- 0.47, p less than 0.01) and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (1.69 +/- 0.38 vs 2.23 +/- 0.43, p less than 0.05) ratios were significantly lower only in aerobic athletes compared to the control group. PHLA and LPL activities were slightly higher in the aerobic group than in controls, while PHLA and HTGL were significantly lower in aerobic and mixed athletes. No significant correlations were found between HDL cholesterol and energy expenditure during training, indexes of adipose mass or lipolytic enzyme activities. The results of this cross-sectional study seem to indicate that specialized training programs have a different effect on lipoprotein pattern and lipolytic enzyme activities, and only aerobic exercise has a potentially antiatherogenic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Changes in lean body mass in obese children during a weight reduction program: effect on short term and long term outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in body composition during a weight reduction program in obese children and adolescents. DESIGN: A short-term longitudinal study. SUBJECTS: Forty-one obese children and adolescents (19 M, 22F, age 8.5-14.8 [median 11.8] years. MEASUREMENTS: Lean body mass (LBM) was estimated from Resistance Index (RI) obtained by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) before and after the 3 week program. RESULTS: Mean percentage weight for height at baseline was 151 (s.d. 20)% and significantly decreased at the end of the three weeks (139 (s.d. 18)%, P = 0.005). The mean percentage body fat also decreased (from 46.0 s.d. 5.8% to 41.5 s.d. 6.5%, P = 0.0015). All individuals lost body fat during the three weeks, whereas the change in LBM was heterogeneous. The individual change in body fat was inversely correlated with the change in LBM (r = -0.64, P = 0.0001). After 4 months, 18 out of the 41 children could be reevaluated for height and weight. The regain in body weight during these 4 months was inversely correlated with the change in LBM during the weight reduction program (r = -0.55, P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in LBM during a weight reduction program can predict the short term result those children who manage to increase LBM having the greatest reduction in body fat. Changes in LBM during weight reduction seem also to predict the longterm outcome, a reduction in LBM being associated with greater regain of weight. Weight reduction programs for obese children should focus not only on weight loss but also on maintenance or increase of lean body mass to improve longterm results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Infant nutrition program effectively prevents iron-deficiency anemia in a First Nations community.

Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) has received relatively little attention in Canada, with no national public health initiatives even among high-risk infants. IDA has a high prevalence in First Nations children and has been shown to cause developmental delay. This study is a before/after prevalence survey studying the effect of a public health intervention, conducted on a First Nations reserve off the central coast of British Columbia (BC). We screened for IDA one cohort of infants born January 1993 to August 1994 and between the ages of 6 and 24 months. Twenty-five of a possible 37 infants were screened. We found 13 (52%) of the 25 had anemia, with a hemoglobin less than 100 g/L. The average hemoglobin was 98.9 +/- 19.2 g/L. The subsequent implementation of an infant nutrition program focused on educating parents and encouraging the use of iron-fortified formula for nonbreast-fed infants. In the year following program implementation, the cohort of infants born between September 1994 and September 1995 were screened for IDA when they were between the ages of 6 and 15 months. Twenty-four of 27 infants participated. Only one infant was anemic with a hemoglobin less than 100 g/L. The average hemoglobin was 116.6 +/- 11.6 g/L. The increase in the average hemoglobin and the decrease in the prevalence of anemia were both highly significant (p < .01). We judged our intervention to be very effective and would recommend similar programs for other First Nations communities.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
PubMed1987

Survival analysis in drug program evaluation. Part I. Overall program effectiveness.

Survivorship analysis is a statistical technique used here in a summative evaluation that compares outcome data from multiple-site methadone maintenance programs in three California counties. Multiple outcome measures were obtained from retrospective interviews with 297 heroin addicts 6-8 years after admission to treatment. These measures were rates of retention, incarceration, addiction, crime, dealing, and loss of employment. Survival curves for all six measures are consistent in showing that Los Angeles County had the best outcomes, followed by San Bernardino County and then Orange County.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The "Patient Anxiety Seminar" as a graduate education program--effectiveness and use in general practice].

This article describes results of an evaluation study of a seminar for patients with anxiety, an education program for primary care physicians. Before and after the two seminars, 109 participants filled out a questionnaire about their opinion on the program as well as their attitudes, experience and knowledge in dealing with anxiety patients. They were compared with a control group which did not take part in the program. After 3 and 12 months, a part of the participants was interviewed again. It was found that anxiety patients call for a lot of attention from general practitioners and that diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge is not sufficient. The educational program was highly rated by the participants. The seminars were conducted in the practice by most of the participants in groups as well as on single patients. It became evident that in spite of high expenses there is a wide acceptance of such seminars and that the variables examined up to now indicate a surprisingly high efficiency of the educational programme.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed2002

Nurse-led pain management program: effect on self-efficacy, pain intensity, pain-related disability, and depressive symptoms in chronic pain patients.

Nurses routinely use a variety of nonpharmacologic and patient education interventions designed to reduce pain and promote independence. Research on group programs that combine these nursing strategies in a systematic approach provides evidence that chronic pain patients can realize an enhanced confidence in their ability to manage pain (improved self-efficacy) in addition to reductions in pain, emotional distress, and disability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of participating in a nurse-led cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) pain management program on self-efficacy, pain intensity, pain-related disability, and depressive symptoms among patients with chronic pain. Pre- and postprogram data from 154 participants were examined to identify changes in pain intensity, self-efficacy, disability, and depressive symptoms. Mean differences, effect sizes, and 95% confidence intervals were computed for the study variables and paired t-tests were done to determine if changes were significant. Z-scores were then calculated. Pearson product moment correlations were examined to test the association between changes in self-efficacy and changes in the other variables of interest. Patients in this study reported significant improvements in all scores postprogram. Self-efficacy, pain-intensity, pain-related disability, and symptoms of depression can be changed through participation in a nurse-led outpatient CBT program. In concert with results from other research on CBT pain programs this study provides further evidence that reduction in suffering and improved sense of well-being is possible even for people who have experienced pain for many years.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

School-based primary prevention: what is an effective program?

Our model makes us pessimistic about quick-fixes. Short-term, narrowly focused programs designed to increase children's knowledge or some limited aspect of their competence are unlikely to be effective in preventing AIDS. Our model suggests that what protects a child from AIDS is not knowledge or isolated social skills but rather the quality of bonds to school, family, and other socialization agents. Ultimately, the school-based route to prevention of AIDS will work only if schools are effective socialization agents: effective in meeting children's needs for autonomy, belonging, and competence, and thereby in helping children build the motivation and social competence they will need to avoid many kinds of high-risk behavior over many years.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗