Choosing the best location. Where to find the data you need.
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Interviews with 402 randomly selected health professionals identified the information habits health professionals used to stay abreast of current advances in medicine. The use of various information sources was related to such factors as their type of practice, specialty, location of practice, professional's age, and the size of their primary hospital. In addition to medical literature, the most common source, the typical responder spent one to five hours each week in discussions with colleagues. He or she also spent five to ten hours each year at local professional meetings, five to ten hours per year at state meetings, ten to 15 hours per year at national meetings, and ten to 15 hours per year at educational courses sponsored by various medical schools. Unsolicited medical literature was used extensively, particularly by those in rural, solo practice.
Retention of rural doctors is a critical factor in effectively addressing the well-documented maldistribution of the medical workforce. The present study explores the reasons why rural doctors working in north-western New South Wales left their previous practice, moved to their current practice and have considered moving to another practice. In addition, these doctors were also asked as to the most effective strategies in retaining rural doctors and which organisations could make a valuable contribution in making rural general practice more attractive. As the doctor's choices concerning their practice locations involve judgements relating to a complex array of factors, there are a great number of priority actions involving many stakeholders that can impact positively on the retention of rural doctors. In addition to strictly professional issues, such as access to hospitals, a reasonable work load and a good level of procedural work, other issues, such as the availability of good social and cultural facilities, work opportunities for one's partner and good educational facilities for one's children, have a great bearing on the doctor's decision where to practise. Put differently, while the professional environment needs to be conducive to good rural practice, rural doctors are also human beings, requiring appropriate facilities to meet their 'quality of life' needs.
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Several factors help make an attractive impression to potential patients. Considerations when naming your practice, designing a logo and choosing a location are discussed.
Prevalence studies of the use of ambulatory health care services have consistently reported relatively lower demand for services in rural areas. Such studies have implied that low use rates may be fixed characteristics of rural populations and may be resistant to the influence of manipulable variables such as supply of physicians. This longitudinal study suggests that use rates are in fact significantly changed after improvement of manpower resources, but that the effects are limited to the vicinity of new practice locations.
BACKGROUND: Many segments of the population experience one or more barriers to accessing quality oral health care, including availability of licensed dentists. The purpose of the authors' study was to analyze the availability of dentists in Mississippi by county over four decades to determine the geographic distribution of dentists, shifts in their distribution over time and how this distribution relates to population demographics. METHODS: Dentist-to-population ratios were determined by county from 1970 through 2000. The authors analyzed these data using standardized z scores and geographic information systems (GIS) technology. Results are presented graphically and geographically. RESULTS: Results showed that 55 counties were designated as dental health professional shortage areas in 1970, 51 counties in 1980, 30 in 1990 and 40 in 2000. Counties that have a more favorable ratio of providers to population were determined, indicating areas in which dentists are more likely to practice. CONCLUSIONS: Many geographic areas in Mississippi remain underserved. Identifying these areas is a critical first step when addressing the current state of Mississippi's dental work force. This type of information is useful for decision making as well as responding to the population's oral health care needs. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Results of this study can assist current and future practicing dentists, dental school administrators and policy-makers in making informed decisions for determining suitable practice locations, dental school admissions criteria and areas to target for public health initiatives. This model also is useful for studying work force disparities in other health care professions.
This is the second report of a three part study. Part I focused upon the dental manpower profile of Oklahoma County between the years 1972-1989. Part II emphasizes the dental manpower profile of Tulsa County. Part III, will be inclusive of the dental manpower profile of all other Oklahoma counties. In all phases of the study, data has been assessed for general practitioners, specialists, full-time general practice dental faculty, full-time specialist dental faculty, and public health dentists. The demographic data analyzed in Part I, revealed an increasing average of the dentists from 45.33 years of age in 1972 advancing to 48.83 years of age in 1989 for Oklahoma County. The data presented in Part II documents that in Tulsa County there was an increase in age from 45.68 in 1972 to 50.60 in 1989. Trends in location of dental school education, demonstrated that the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry is currently the primary resource for the dental manpower pool in Tulsa and Oklahoma Counties. Changes in the dental manpower pool indicate a downward turn in the percentage of dentists choosing to locate in either Tulsa or Oklahoma County.
Recruitment of physicians to rural states is complicated by several barriers precipitated by non-metropolitan locations. These constraints need to be addressed and put into proper perspective in order to attract the interest of potential candidates. This case study addresses our efforts to educate the candidate regarding the potential foregone, social and economical practice opportunity benefits associated with our rural location.
BACKGROUND: Rural general surgery is faced with a shortage of resident surgeons in many parts of Australia. Although it is accepted that an undergraduate rural exposure favourably influences graduates to undertake rural practice, it is not known whether postgraduate terms exert a similar effect. METHOD: Advanced general surgical trainees in 2000 were rotated for 1-month terms to Whyalla, a major provincial centre in South Australia. The trainees were asked to complete a questionnaire before and after the rotation. RESULTS: A total of nine trainees completed a rural term in Whyalla. Eight questionnaires were returned prior to the rotation and seven following the time in Whyalla. The overall experience, and the teaching standards and pathology experienced were rated highly but the term had little effect in changing trainee's attitudes towards eventual practice location. CONCLUSION: Postgraduate surgical terms in South Australia are a relatively new phenomenon compared to other states in Australia. Without a foundation in rural surgery at an undergraduate level, surgical terms for trainees, despite being of high quality, might not be very successful in influencing graduates to practise surgery in rural locations.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with general practitioners' current practice location, with particular emphasis on rural location. DESIGN: Observational, retrospective, case-control study using a self-administered questionnaire. SETTING: Australian general practices in December 2000. PARTICIPANTS: 2414 Australian-trained rural and urban GPs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Current urban or rural practice location. RESULTS: For Australia as a whole, rural GPs were more likely to be male (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17-1.73), Australian-born (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.55-2.45), and to report attending a rural primary school for "some" (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.69-2.89) or "all" (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.94-4.00) of their primary schooling. Rural GPs' partners or spouses were also more likely to report "some" (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 2.07-3.66) or "all" (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 2.02-4.05) rural primary schooling. A rural background in both GP and partner produced the highest likelihood of rural practice (OR, 6.28; 95% CI, 4.26-9.25). For individual jurisdictions, a trend towards more rural GPs being men was only significant in Tasmania. In all jurisdictions except Tasmania and the Northern Territory, rural GPs were more likely to be Australian-born. CONCLUSIONS: GPs' and their partners' rural background (residence and primary and secondary schooling) influences choice of practice location, with partners' background appearing to exert more influence.
CONTEXT: Ensuring an adequate mental health provider supply in rural and urban areas requires accessible methods of identifying provider types, practice locations, and practice productivity. PURPOSE: To identify mental health shortage areas using existing licensing and survey data. METHODS: The 1998-1999 Washington State Department of Health files on credentialed health professionals linked with results of a licensure renewal survey, 1990 US Census data, and the results of the 1990-1992 National Comorbidity Survey were used to calculate supply and requirements for mental health services in 2 types of geographic units in Washington state-61 rural and urban core health service areas and 13 larger mental health regions. Both the number of 9 types of mental health professionals and their full-time equivalents (FTEs) per 100,000 population measured supply in the health service areas and mental health regions. FINDINGS: Notable shortages of mental health providers existed throughout the state, especially in rural areas. Urban areas had 3 times the psychiatrist FTEs per 100,000 and more than 1.5 times the nonpsychiatrist mental health provider FTEs per 100,000 as rural areas. More than 80% of rural health service areas had at least 10% fewer psychiatrist FTEs and nonpsychiatrist mental health provider FTEs than the state ratio (10.4 FTEs per 100,000 and 306.5 FTEs per 100,000, respectively). Ten of the 13 mental health regions were more than 10% below the state ratio of psychiatrist FTEs per 100,000. CONCLUSIONS: States gathering a minimum database at licensure renewal can identify area-specific mental health care shortages for use in program planning.
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A questionnaire survey of 562 physicians in Manitoba who had graduated from the University of Manitoba was carried out to assess the effect of personal characteristics on choosing a practice location. The results closely resemble those of studies performed in the United States: the choice of a nonurban practice location is significantly more likely if the physicians and their spouses have nonurban backgrounds and if the physicians have had a nonurban preceptorship during undergraduate medical education. In this study practitioners who were male and whose fathers were farmers or health care professionals were also more likely to practise in nonurban areas. These findings will help in making physician distribution more equitable.
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of selected individual and background characteristics and values of physician assistant (PA) graduates on practice location. Information was gathered through a survey of graduates practicing as physician assistants from the first four classes of the University of Kentucky's Clinical Associate Program. No significant differences were found in rural-urban practice location by examining sociodemographic characteristics of graduates or residential background of graduates and their spouses. The only exception was that female graduates tended to practice in urban locations more than did male graduates. However, differences were found between rural- and urban-based graduates in the importance they placed on selected characteristics of communities.
OBJECTIVE: In this study an analysis was undertaken to determine: (i) the major factors that influence oral health professionals to practise in rural areas and determine practice location; (ii) what assists the professional oral health workforce to remain in rural practice; and (iii) what the main reasons are for leaving rural practice. DESIGN: A postal survey was undertaken among all registered oral health professionals in Western Australia. SETTING: Rural and remote Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Registered dental therapists, dental hygienists and dentists in rural and remote Western Australia. RESULTS: Results indicated that there are various factors that attract people to rural and remote areas, other than financial incentives. Incentives to remain in rural practice include the need for professional development. The most common reason for leaving rural practice was to access children's educational facilities. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasises that many factors contribute to recruitment and retention of dental professionals in rural practice. A broad integrated retention strategy is needed to address oral health workforce shortage issues in rural and remote Western Australia.