Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Poisons”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Acute ethylene chlorohydrin poisoning: experience of a poison control center.

BACKGROUND: Ethylene chlorohydrin (CAS 107-07-3), a chemical once used in hastening grape vine sprouting in Taiwan, has caused severe toxicity upon acute exposure. Although such use of ethylene chlorohydrin is now prohibited in Taiwan, poisoning still occurs following its illegal use. Since data concerning human ethylene chlorohydrin poisoning remain rare, we report our experience in treating acute ethylene chlorohydrin-poisoned patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate patients with ethylene chlorohydrin poisoning reported to Taiwan Poison Control Center during 1985-1998. RESULTS: Seventeen patients with ethylene chlorohydrin poisoning were identified. There were 11 male and 6 female patients, ranging in age from 2 to 70 years (median 53 years). The intent of exposure was suicide in 5, accident in 9, and occupational exposure in 3 patients. Oral ingestion was the most common route of exposure (14 patients). Seven out of the 17 patients died within 24 hours due to metabolic acidosis and respiratory failure. Ethanol therapy, used in 2 patients, had no apparent benefit. Moderate or mild poisoning was characterized by gastrointestinal effects only and an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Ethylene chlorohydrin can result in severe metabolic acidosis, respiratory failure, coma, and death after acute exposure.

Accidents↗
PubMed2003

A study of childhood poisoning at National Poisons Information Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

A retrospective analysis of the poisoning calls received by the National Poisons Information Centre (NPIC) showed a total of 2,720 calls during a period of three years (April 1999-March 2002). Poisoning in children was reported in 995 calls (36.6%). The age ranged from less than 1 yr to 18 yr and the age groups involved were divided into four categories (0-6 yr, >6-12 yr, >12-16 yr, >16-18 yr). The most vulnerable age group included children from less than one year to 6 yr old. Males outnumbered females (M=628, F=367). Although the accidental mode was the commonest (79.7%), intentional attempts were also noticed (20.2%) in the >12-16 yr and >16-18 yr age groups. In the majority of cases, the route was oral (96.8%) followed by dermal exposure (3.2%) comprising bites and stings. Various types of agents belonged to classes of household products (47.0%), drugs (21.8%), industrial chemicals (7.9%), agricultural pesticides (9.1%), bites and stings (3.2%), plants (1.5%), miscellaneous products (5.3%) and unknown products (4.0%). The incidence of poisoning was highest due to household products comprising mainly pyrethroids, parad/thermometer mercury, rodenticides, phenyl, detergents and corrosives, etc. Poisoning due to drugs mainly included anticonvulsants, thyroid hormones, benzodiazepines, analgesics and oral contraceptives. Among the agricultural pesticides aluminium phosphide was the most commonly consumed, followed by organochlorines and organophosphates, etc. Paint thinners were common among industrial chemicals. Bites and stings were mainly snake bites and scorpion stings. Poisoning due to plants was low and Datura was commonly ingested. Although these data may not give an exact picture of the incidence rate in our country, due to underreporting of calls to the Centre and because the actual incidence might be higher or even variable, but they do give the trend in India, indicating that a strong emphasis should be placed on a prevention campaign which can at least reduce the occurrence of accidental pediatric poisoning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Pesticide poisonings reported to the drug and poison information center in Izmir, Turkey.

This study analyzed poisonings caused by pesticides that were reported to Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC), in Izmir from 1993 to 2001. Patient demographics, type of the pesticide, distribution according to month and year, route and reason for exposure, clinical effects and outcome were analyzed from 25,572 poisoning calls. Pesticide intoxications accounted for 8.8% of the poisonings, with 80.3% insecticides and 19.7% rodenticides. The majority of poisonings ranged from 0 to 6 y (28.2%) and 19-29 y (23.2%). Half the accidental exposures (57.7%) were in the 0-6-y group; the attempted suicide was predominant in the 19-29 y group (39.8%). Most were intoxicated with organophosphates (47.6%); 54.1% did not develop signs and symptoms of toxicity. Fatality due to pesticide poisoning was 0.4%. Preventive education against pesticide poisoning is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Trends in age-specific human poisoning exposures reported to a regional poison control center, 1997-2001.

This study examined age-specific trends in the annual incidence rates of poisoning exposures reported to a regional poison control center over a 5-y period. Data from the poison control center's 1997-2001 computerized case records were combined with age-specific population estimates from the US Census Bureau. Incidence rates of reported poisoning exposures were calculated and evaluated for the following age groups: < 6 y; 6 to 12 y; 13 to 19 y; 20 to 35 y; 36 to 65 y; and > 65 years. Ordinary linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant decreasing trend in the annual crude incidence rate of poisoning exposures/1.000 population (r2 = .87, slope = -.33 p = .02). Different patterns were observed in the rates of reported poisoning exposures between the 6 age groups. While there was a significant decrease in the rate of reported poisoning exposures in children < 6 y of age or less, and for adults 20-35 and 36-65 y-old, the incidence rate among children 6-12 y, adolescents, and people > 65 y-old showed no significant decreasing trend.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Poisoning trends and the importance of educating patients about poison prevention.

Medical professionals are recognized as a vital link in communities for education and treatment of poisoning exposures. The Oklahoma Poison Control Center (OPCC) is a resource for medical professionals as well as the public. Nationally and in Oklahoma, among all age groups, analgesics are responsible for the most fatalities. Trends in common exposures in the age 5 and younger age group and the 13 through 19 age group, an acetaminophen protocol, information about the poison center and HIPPA privacy regulations, poison prevention tips and where to obtain educational materials are outlined. National Poison Prevention Week, March 21-27, 2004, is an excellent time to educate all age groups about poison prevention techniques and what to do when there is a poisoning emergency. Board certified toxicologists, pharmacists and registered nurses are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by calling 1-800-222-1222.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1997

The difficulty in handling poisonings associated with Chinese traditional medicine: a poison control center experience for 1991-1993.

The purpose of this prospective case series was to outline the characteristics of Chinese traditional medicine poisonings and develop essential information for poison prevention and management. All phone inquiries made to the Poison Center related to Chinese traditional medicines from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1993 were included. Standardized questionnaires were used to capture relevant information. Among the 318 phone inquiries about Chinese traditional medicines, 273 cases were classified as poisonings; and 22 mortalities occurred (6.9%). All of the poisonings occurred because of suicide attempts, accidents, or erroneous or improper use or processing. In our study, 47% of the potential toxic effects of Chinese traditional medicines were either unknown or could not be found in the literature. There existed undefinable uncertainty in attributing the clinical effects to the exposures to Chinese traditional medicines. We recommend that the strategy in handling Chinese traditional medicine poisonings to decrease mortality should be comprised of confirmation of the generic name of the substances and the specific part of the plant used, awareness of improper processing methods, maintenance of records on a broad review of systems and laboratory data, identification of active principles and potential interactions among the individual active agents; verification of histopathologic effects of the toxins; development of information on toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics; intensive supportive care for poisoned patients, and investigation of potential antidotes. There are several regulatory options available to health authorities to control the unrestricted use of these potentially toxic medicines and to help safeguard the public.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A regional poison control system. Effect on response to hypothetical poisonings.

Poisoning of young children frequently results in parents seeking help. Parents either telephone for poison treatment information or go directly to a physician's office, hospital clinic, or emergency room. To determine if a regional poison control system reduces the inappropriate use of medical treatment services, parents attending suburban and inner-city clinics were presented hypothetical pediatric poisoning episodes and asked how they would respond. Parents living in a state serviced by a regional poison information center (Massachusetts) telephoned for information significantly more often and consequently used medical treatment services 19% less than did parents living in a state with only local poison information centers (New Jersey). In both states, inner-city populations went for care whereas suburban populations called. Both inner-city and suburban populations responded to a regional poison center but to a different extent. More severe ingestions tended to increase the use of the regional center by the Massachusetts suburban population, whereas other populations tended to use even more direct services.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed2004

Secondary poisoning of eagles following intentional poisoning of coyotes with anticholinesterase pesticides in western Canada.

Records of eagles, coyotes (Canis latrans), and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) necropsied at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, between 1967 and 2002 were reviewed for cases suggestive of anticholinesterase poisoning. From 1993 to 2002, 54 putative poisoning incidents involving 70 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and 10 golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetus) were identified. Of these, 50 incidents occurred in Saskatchewan, two were in Manitoba, and one occurred in each of Alberta and the Northwest Territories. The diagnosis was confirmed in eight instances by demonstration of pesticide in ingesta from eagles or known use of pesticide at the site together with brain cholinesterase (AChE) reduction of >50% in at least one animal. A presnmptive diagnosis of poisoning was made in 33 incidents based on brain AChE reduction of >50% in at least one animal; 13 incidents were considered suspicious because of circumstantial evidence of the death of eagles in association with other species and limited AChE reduction. Other wild species were found dead in 85% of the incidents involving eagles. Coyotes, foxes, black-billed magpies (Pica pica), and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were associated with 34, six, six, and three incidents, respectively. There were eight additional incidents that did not involve eagles in which poisoning was diagnosed in coyotes. Carbofuran was identified in nine incidents. Carbamate poisoning was indicated on the basis of reactivation of brain AChE activity in two additional incidents. Brain AChE activity was not reduced from normal in eagles in four of seven incidents in which carbofuran was identified. The organophosplorous insecticide terbufos was found together with carbofuran in one incident. Brain AChE activity was measured in wild canids and in eagles in 15 incidents; in all of these incidents, brain AChE was redulced by >50% in at least one mammal, whereas this level of reduction occrred in eagles in only four incidents. Use of anticholinesterase pesticides to poison coyotes is illegal, but the practice continues and secondary poisoning of eagles is a problem of unknown proportions in western North America.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Patterns of animal poisonings reported to the Texas Poison Center Network: 1998-2002.

A portion of calls handled by poison centers involve poisonings of animals; however, information on such calls is limited. This study used data from poison centers in Texas collected during 1998-2002 to document the epidemiology of animal poisoning calls. There were a total of 24,467 animal poisoning calls, representing 2.0% of all calls. Dogs were affected in 87% of the calls and cats in 11%. The exposures were unintentional in 99% of the cases, occurred via ingestion in 95% and involved dermal exposure in 5% of the cases. Exposures occurred at the owner's own residence 91% of the time and were handled outside of health care facilities 61% of the time. The outcome involved no clinical effect for 60% of the cases involving dogs and 39% of the cases involving cats. Reported exposures occurred more often during the summer, and the most frequently reported exposures involved pesticides and plants. These findings were consistent with the limited reports from on poison center regarding animal poisonings.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The essential role of a poison center in handling an outbreak of barium carbonate poisoning.

Acute barium salt poisoning may cause acute hypokalemia and result in respiratory paralysis and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The early nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms of barium poisoning due to food contamination could be confused with other benign food poisonings. Early diagnosis and initiation of intensive supportive care is essential. We report an outbreak of acute barium carbonate poisoning, occurring at a family reunion party, which resulted in 9 hospital admissions. All of the victims initially developed nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic, dizziness and watery diarrhea followed by numbness of the face and distal extremities 1-2 h after ingesting fried flour-coated sweet potatoes. The flour was later confirmed to be contaminated with barium carbonate. One person died in the emergency room with a serum potassium level of 0.8 mEq/L. Two other victims developed ventricular tachycardia and respiratory paralysis but completely recovered with the treatment advice provided by the poison center. The poison center was successful in helping to make the correct diagnosis in a timely manner, immediately distribute the treatment protocol, and coordinate the laboratory confirmation of barium carbonate poisoning.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Mortality from accidental poisoning in Budapest during 1961-1975. III. Alcohol poisoning].

In the examined 15 year period 174 persons--134 males and 40 females--died from alcohol poisoning. The number of cases of accidental alcohol poisonings has considerably increased. The number of cases of alcohol poisoning has increased at a rate thrice as high as the poisonings of all the other causes. The number of cases in the last third of the 15-year-period was five time higher than in the first third of it. The number of women deceased of alcohol poisoning increased at a greater rate than that of the males. Deaths from alcohol poisoning occurred first of all among the age groups between 40--59. In 67 cases of fatal alcohol poisoning the alcohol level in the serum was under 3 0/00. Regarding the latter, authors emphasize the importance of experts-opinions dealing with indirect cause relationships.

Accidents↗
PubMed1997

The analysis of organophosphates poisoning cases treated at the Centre for Acute Poisonings in Lublin Provincial Hospital in 1994-1996.

Organophosphorous compounds that are widely used in farming in the form of plant protecting preparations, are strong poisons and a source of poisoning, especially in the country. In the period 1994-1996 at the Centre for Acute Poisonings of the Jan Bozy Provincial Hospital in Lublin there were 38 patients hospitalised because of organophosphorous pesticide poisonings. In 24 of these cases the poisoning was suicidal. Six cases of the suicidal consumption of organophosphorous preparations were fatal. Most of the patients were men (31 patients). The age ranged widely from 13 to 85, however most of the patients belonged to a 51-60 age group. The majority of poisoning cases took place in the evening, or at night which could be explained by a specific rhythm of work and rest in the country. A thorough analysis of the cases of organophosphates poisoning will contribute to the generation of a data base that would aid diagnosis and treatment, as well as carrying out effective prevention programmes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Poison treatment in the home. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention.

The ingestion of a potentially poisonous substance by a young child is a common event, with the American Association of Poison Control Centers reporting approximately 1.2 million such events in the United States in 2001. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has long concerned itself with this issue and has made poison prevention an integral component of its injury prevention initiatives. A key AAP recommendation has been to keep a 1-oz bottle of syrup of ipecac in the home to be used only on the advice of a physician or poison control center. Recently, there has been interest regarding activated charcoal in the home as a poison treatment strategy. After reviewing the evidence, the AAP believes that ipecac should no longer be used routinely as a home treatment strategy, that existing ipecac in the home should be disposed of safely, and that it is premature to recommend the administration of activated charcoal in the home. The first action for a caregiver of a child who may have ingested a toxic substance is to consult with the local poison control center.

Antidotes↗
PubMed1981

Immunologic studies of poisonous Anacardiaceae: I. Production of tolerance and desensitization to poison Ivy and oak urushiols using esterified urushiol derivatives in guinea pigs.

The development of contact sensitivity to poison ivy urushiol in Hartley guinea pigs was inhibited by i.v. injection of the diacetate esters of poison ivy and oak urushiols into guinea pigs 2 weeks prior to attempted sensitization with homologous antigen. Immune tolerance to urushiols of poison ivy and oak developed in 80% or more of the treated animals and persisted for the duration of the study, 8 weeks. The tolerance was immunologically specific for urushiols since the tolerant animals were sensitizable to the unrelated sensitizer 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene. Guinea pigs already sensitive to urushiol were also desensitized or hyposensitizied by i.v. injection of urushiol acetates in successively increasing doses. After receiving the equivalent of 16 mg of poison ivy and oak urushiols in the acetate form over a period of 12 weeks, 54% of a group of guinea pigs were desensitized to poison ivy. all of the remaining 46% of the guinea pigs still sensitive to poison ivy were substantially hyposensitized (no longer responded to 1.5 or 0.80 microgram test doses of PDC). A control group of guinea pigs was not hyposensitized by injection of vehicle, and remained highly sensitive throughout the 15 week study. The majority of treated animals (less than 80%) were also hyposensitized to poison sumac and cashew nut shell liquid allergens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compliance with poison center fomepizole recommendations is suboptimal in cases of toxic alcohol poisoning.

We sought to examine hospital compliance with poison center antidotal alcohol dehydrogenase inhibition recommendations in cases of ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol (ME) ingestion. A 2-year analysis of all potential EG and ME ingestion cases reported to a regional poison center was conducted. Excluded from analysis were exposures without an ingestion, without a confirmatory EG or ME serum assay, or without complete medical charting. During the study period, 579 EG or ME exposures were reported to the poison center: 133 cases met study eligibility as an ingestion. Of the 133 cases, 102 (77%) had complete data and were included in the analysis. Immediate alcohol dehydrogenase inhibition was recommended by the poison center in 79 of the 102 cases. Fomepizole was recommended in 61/79 (77%); ethanol was recommended as an alternative therapeutic choice in 32/61 (52%) of these cases if fomepizole was not immediately available. Ethanol alone was recommended in 18/79 (23%). Fomepizole was eventually administered in 39/61 (64%) cases where recommended. The mean time to antidote administration was 3 times longer in cases where a choice in antidote was given [57 min (95% confidence interval, 43-70) vs. 146 min (95% confidence interval, 93-200)]. Despite its ease of administration, fomepizole is used less frequently than recommended by poison center staff. Delays to antidote administration occurred more commonly in cases where the poison center gave a choice in antidotal therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

One year's experience in a regional poison control center: The Intermountain Regional Poison Control Center.

The Intermountain Regional Poison Control Center in Salt Lake City, Utah, has served as a regional poison center since 1971. Between 1972 and 1976 the call load has more than tripled, with the highest frequency of calls per population coming from counties most proximate to the center. Two-thirds of the cases involve children age five or less, with 18 or over being the next large group. Adolescents and school-age children comprised the smallest group of cases. Two predominant types of poisonings were encountered: accidental ingestions of toxic substances in children and intentional self-poisonings in adults, but the poison center handled almost every conceivable type of poisoning or toxic situation. A detailed analysis of the center's overall experience as well as these two major categories is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Case reports of lead poisoning in dogs from the National Animal Poison Control Center and the Centre National D'Informations Toxicologiques, Veterinaires: anecdotes or reality?

This paper presents case reports of lead toxicoses from 2 major animal poison control centers in Europe and North America, gathered from 1985 through 1989. All results examined here involved cases assessed as "toxicosis" or "suspected toxicosis" by the National Animal Poison Control Center (NAPCC) or the Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaries (CNITV). 537 cases were reported to the NAPCC, most of them concerning dogs (59%). In France, most of the 362 cases involved cattle (57.2%). There was an increased number of cases reported during late summer and early fall, and a decreased number of cases in November and December, in both centers. Dogs intoxicated were predominantly young animals (60% were less than 2 years old). No sex difference was noted. Pure bred dogs appeared more often involved than mixed-breed ones, but the breed distribution closely resembles dog breed distribution in the US. The source of lead was usually unknown and, when information was available, paint seemed to be the most common cause of poisoning. Clinical signs reported to the animal poison control centers involved the CNS and GI tract. Results from the French and the American database showed similar trends. They are compared to data from veterinary clinics and veterinary colleges in the US and Australia. In each case, data are very similar to what was reported to the CNITV and the NAPCC. It is concluded that animal poison control centers databases can provide a useful tool for better knowledge of animal poisoning. They can also help identify unexpected toxicologic problems related to drug administration or pesticide use.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

[Determination of the contents of fourteen elements in urine of Xinjiang kuitun fluorine poisoning and arsenic-fluoride poisoning patients by ICP-AES].

A method of determining the contents of K, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Al, Ba, Co, Cu, Ni, Sr, Cr and Ti, fourteen elements, in urine of Xinjiang Kuitun fluorine poisoning and arsenic-fluoride poisoning patients was developed. The operation conditions of ICP-AES, and the lowest test concentration, precision and linear ranges were studied. The relative standard deviation of the method was 0.24%-2.47% (n=10), the average recoveries were 90.4%-00.5%. The contents of K and Na in urine of fluorine poisoning and arsenic-fluoride poisoning patients were higher than those of healthy contrast group. The contents of Ba, Co, Cu, Ni and Cr in the urine of arsenic-fluoride poisoning patients were higher than those of fluorine poisoning patients and healthy contrast group (P < 0.05). The contents of P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Al, Sr and Ti do not have statistic significance (P > 0.05). The method was sensitive, simple and accurate. The experiment data was reliable.

Adult↗