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[Phobic disorders].

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Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1980

Is anorexia nervosa a phobic disorder? A psychophysiological enquiry.

Skin conductance changes were measured in nine patients suffering from either frank anorexia nervosa or closely related feeding disorders after presentation of a series of food- and weight-related stimuli in imagination. The conductance changes observed were either absent or small. By contrast, in two of the patients who also had specific phobias, presentation in imagination of the specific feared object led to greater skin conductance changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Racial differences in prevalence of phobic disorders.

Few community-based field studies have examined racial differences in the prevalence of phobia disorders. Using data from two sites of a large epidemiologic survey, this study investigates risk factors associated with the one-month prevalence of phobia disorders from 2340 black and 3936 white respondents. Findings indicate that recent prevalence is higher for blacks than whites, with racial differences remaining even when demographic and socioeconomic factors are held constant. Additional significant risk factors for recent phobia pertained to site and being female, being young, and having low education attainment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A large open multicentre trial of clomipramine (Anafranil) in the management of phobic disorders.

In a large, open, multicentre trial, conducted in general practice, 765 patients suffering from agoraphobia or social phobias were treated with clomipramine (Anafranil, Geigy Pharmaceuticals). Four hundred and eight patients completed a twelve-week course of treatment. Of 285 withdrawals, 139 were due to side-effects. Good results were obtained on all measures of phobias in those patients who completed the study, the improvements being of the order of 70-80%, and over 50% of patients being symptom-free.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Iatrogenic phobic disorders in methadone maintenance treated patients.

A detoxification phobia idiosyncratic to methadone maintenance programs is described and several representative cases are presented. Reliability of diagnostic criteria for the phobia are described and their overall reliability was found to be 93% while occurrence reliability was 67%, which investigators conclude is a moderate but clinically useful level. Prevalence data show the phobia occurring in 27% of a random sample of patients treated with methadone maintenance, an estimate the investigators feel is too high to be representative of typical methadone programs. Implications for treatment are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Contingent negative variation and phobic disorders.

The authors studied the modifications in contingent negative variation (CNV) in a group of rupophobic subjects. A slide-projected phobogenic or a neutral stimulus was administered 5 s prior to the warning stimulus (S1). A marked reduction in CNV amplitude and the appearance of post-imperative negative variation were observed when the phobogenic stimulus was applied. No significant variations were noted after administration of a neutral stimulus. The results are discussed on the basis of psychological and neurophysiological findings concerning the relationship between attention, arousal and CNV.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Slowly-progressing schizophrenia and cyclothymic disorder with phobic manifestations in patients under a general practitioner's care].

A total of 90 patients were investigated in the general practice out-patient clinics. The patients had not been earlier studied by a psychiatrist and had unclear forms of endogenous diseases and phobic disorders: 70 patients with slow progredient schizophrenia, 20 with cyclothymia. Despite the phobic manifestations of slow progredient schizophrenia and cyclothymia being identical on the phenomenological level, their structure and time course were different. Favorable++ and unfavorable clinico-psychopathological prognostic signs were determined for each of the diseases. The principles of therapeutic and rehabilitation tactics are discussed with special reference to the patients with slow progredient schizophrenia and cyclothymia with phobic disorders in primary health care units. Out-patient group was compared to the patients of dispensary departments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Role of thymic hormones in neuroimmunomodulation. Their use in patients with phobic disorders.

Many evidences support the existence of a bilateral connection between the thymic gland and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). In this respect, neurohormones such as the adrenal corticotropin hormone and glucocorticoids cause thymic involution, while the growth hormone and the prolactin upregulate thymic functions. On the other hand, a thymic hormone, the thymosin fraction 5, activates the HPAA, thus closing-up the regulatory loop between immune system and nervous system. In this review, a clinical trial with two thymic hormones (Timostimolina and Thymopentin) in agoraphobic patients with phagocytic dysfunctions is reported. Results obtained indicate that both substances lead to a partial and temporary immunological recovery, since a further depression of phagocytic activities occurs in coincidence with panic attack. The use of alternative immunomodulators in these patients is discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗