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PubMed2000

Quantitative analysis of microfilarial periodicity of Dirofilaria immitis in cats.

Microfilarial periodicity of Dirofilaria immitis in the venous blood of infected cats was analyzed by a trigonometric model. Cats were infected by subcutaneous transplantation with 120-day-old juvenile D. immitis. Microfilariae in the blood were first observed 98 days after transplantation. Blood was collected at 4h intervals for a 24h period, and examinations were repeated five times in two cats. The calculated periodicity index was 75.1 and 50.3 in these two cats. The estimated hour of peak microfilarial density ranged from 1.00 to 2.84h. Thus, the periodicity of microfilariae of D. immitis in the blood of cats was characterized as nocturnally sub-periodic.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Low-loss deposition of solgel-derived silica films on tapered fibers.

Films of porous silica are deposited on the uniform waists of tapered fibers in minutes by a modified solgel dip coating method, inducing less than 0.2 dB of loss. The coated tapers are an ideal platform for realizing all-fiber devices that exploit evanescent-field interactions with the deposited porous film. As an example we demonstrate structural long-period gratings in which a periodic index variation in the film arises from the porosity variation produced by spatially varying exposure of the waist to a scanned CO2 laser beam. The long period grating is insensitive to temperature up to 800 degrees C.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

[Medicine in the Giornale de'letterati].

The Giornale de' letterati published in Rome from 1668 to 1681 was the first Italian scientific journal. It was meant to be the Italian version of the French Journal des Sçavans or the English Philosophical Transactions. Unlike these two, it was not backed by a formal or informal scientific institution, even if one of its editors, Giovanni Giustino Ciampini, was the founder of the Accademia Fisico-Matematica, the leading scientific academy in Rome in the second half of the XVIIth century. The paper, a preliminary step in a study on the diffusion and communication of European medical culture in Rome in this period, indexes and broadly examines the articles pertaining to medicine published in the journal.

History, 17th Century↗

PubMed1975

Systolic time intervals in constrictive pericarditis. A study before and after digitalis.

Systolic time intervals were studied in 9 patients with documented constrictive pericarditis before and 15 to 20 minutes after intravenous administration of peruvoside (a quick acting digitalis-like glycoside) to determine underlying myocardial dysfunction. Data were compared with those of similarly studied normal subjects and patients with known myocardial dysfunction. Left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI) decreased in normal subjects (P less than 0.01) and in most patients with constrictive pericarditis, and increased marginally in those with myocardial dysfunction (NS) after peruvoside administration. Pre-ejection period index (PEPI) shortened significantly (P less than 0.01) after peruvoside in normal subjects and in patients with myocardial failure, but not in constrictive pericarditis. Likewise the predicted ejection fraction was insignificantly altered in constrictive pericarditis but significantly so (P less than 0.01) in myocardial failure and normal subjects. The response of one patient with constrictive pericarditis to parenteral peruvoside administration was similar to that seen in patients with myocardial failure. This patient had a delayed recovery after pericardiectomy. PEPI/LVETI ratio and ejection fraction were also abnormal in other patients with constrictive pericarditis when compared to normal subjects. Such abnormalities and the unusual response of some patients to administration of peruvoside may reflect underlying myocardial dysfunction in patients with constrictive pericarditis. However, it is possible that the rigid pericardium also contributes to these abnormalities to a varying extent. Systolic time indices and their response to digitalis appear to be a useful, atraumatic method for detecting underlying myocardial dysfunction in patients with constrictive pericarditis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Techniques for locating, filing, and retrieving scientific information.

Guidelines for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of conducting a search of scientific literature are presented. Initial leads can be gained by contacting a local expert or consulting a textbook. An impression of advances being made in a particular field can be gained efficiently by scanning weekly issues of Current Contents, containing the tables of contents of most scientific journals. Recent review articles on most topics can usually be found listed in the Index Medicus. With at least one significant reference dealing with a specific topic of interest, the Science Citation Index may be used to identify articles published during a particular indexing period which cited the article as a reference. Practical guidelines are also presented for establishing a simple but comprehensive personal system for filing and retrieving on demand reprints, pamphlets, and notes.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed1979

Microfilarial periodicity analysis of the survey data from six localities in Indonesia.

The survey data of microfilarial periodicity of 2 species of filariae Brugia malayi at 4 localities, Mahang and Lampihong in South Kalimantan, Bengkulu in South Sumatra, Palolo in Central Sulwesi, and the species of Brugia timori at 2 localities, Flores and Alor Islands in Nusa Tenggara were analysed by using Aikat and Das's modified statistical method. Nine cases at Mahang and five cases at Lampihong were recognized as same group of non-periodic B. malayi and 1 case at Mahang was considered to be nocturnal subperiodic B. malayi by their parameters estimated by the wave equation, the amplitude (a), the peak hour of microfilaria density (k) the periodicity index (D) and the test of equality for comparison of two series of data. The data of 9 cases from Bengkulu and 11 cases from Palolo were similarly analysed and recognized as the nocturnal periodic type of B. malayi. The data of 5 cases from Flores Island and 5 cases from Alor Island were also recognized as the nocturanal periodic type of B. timori. Thus, in these observations the non periodic strain of Brugia malayi was detected in South Kalimantan. Further studies on the principal vectors and their bionomics should be carried out.

Brugia↗

PubMed1984

Amrinone in severe congestive heart failure: another look at an intriguing new cardioactive drug.

Seven patients with severe congestive heart failure received amrinone i.v. (continuous infusions of 10, 20 and 40 micrograms/kg/min) and orally (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mg/kg) in order to determine the comprehensive acute hemodynamic response of this agent. Standard hemodynamic, echocardiographic and systolic time interval measurements were made before and sequentially after amrinone administration. Intravenous amrinone significantly increased cardiac index and stroke volume index, did not alter heart rate and significantly decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, mean systemic blood pressure and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. The determinants of left ventricular inotropy, delta P/delta t, pre-ejection period index and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were not affected by amrinone; dobutamine (5 and 10 micrograms/kg/min), used as an internal standard for inotropy, significantly improved these determinants. Except for a significant reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, first-dose oral amrinone effected little change in central hemodynamic variables and indices of ventricular inotropy; no additional changes occurred after the fifth dose. In the setting of severe chronic congestive heart failure, short-term iv infusions and oral administration of amrinone elicit only mild to moderate hemodynamic changes. Furthermore, these changes are a result of vasodilation (preload and afterload reduction) rather than positive inotropy.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Left ventricular function in diabetes mellitus. I: Methodology, and prevalence and spectrum of abnormalities.

Frequent abnormalities of left ventricular function were detected in 212 established diabetic patients using non-invasive techniques. Diabetics without angina or heart failure (n = 185) were significantly different from normal subjects (n = 50) in beat-to-beat variation, ratio of pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time, pre-ejection period index, isovolumic relaxation time, and interval from minimal dimension to mitral valve opening. Diabetics with angina (n = 18) were similar to control subjects with angina (n = 25); they showed a significant dimension change during the isovolumic period as compared with other diabetics and normals. Sixteen diabetics without angina also showed outward motion during the isovolumic period (incoordinate relaxation) and 13 had abnormal systolic time intervals. Four diabetics suffered a myocardial infarction during the study period; all had previously shown incoordination. Comparison of diabetics with a diastolic blood pressure below 100 mmHg and between 100 and 125 mmHg showed that the latter had a thicker posterior wall; the enlarged systolic dimension and reduced fractional shortening were the result of the inclusion of five of the 11 diabetic subjects with heart failure in the hypertensive group. Insulin-dependent diabetics tend to have more pronounced abnormalities of left ventricular function than those not requiring insulin. Patients selected from a diabetic clinic frequently have impaired left ventricular function, and ventricular hypertrophy, when present, in primarily caused by hypertension.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

High-refractive-index measurement with an elastomeric grating coupler.

An elastomeric grating coupler fabricated by the replica molding technique is used to measure the modal indices of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) planar waveguide structure. Because of the van der Waals interaction between the grating mold and the waveguide, the elastomeric stamp makes conformal contact with the waveguide surface, inducing a periodic index perturbation at the contact region. The phase of the incident light is changed to match the guided modes of the waveguide. The modal and bulk indices are obtained by measuring the coupling angles. This technique serves to measure the high refractive index with a precision better than 10(-3) and allows the elastomeric stamp to be removed without damaging the surface of the waveguide.

Elastomers↗

PubMed2005

Short-term effects of treatment with 300 mg oral-dose diethylcarbamazine on nocturnally periodic Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia and antigenemia.

Seven microfilaremic Myanmar patients were treated with a single 300 mg dose of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) orally, as part of a case-finding survey in Ranong Province, Southern Thailand. This was conducted in order to evaluate the short-term effects of single-dose DEC on Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia and antigenemia during a 12-week course of treatment. Analysis of microfilarial periodicity on initial treatment revealed the microfilarial peak density (k) was at 52 minutes after midnight (0052). The periodicity index was then 103.26%. Single-dose DEC treatment did not affect the k values. A linear model of W. bancrofti microfilarial density reduction predicts a sharp decrease in the mean microfilarial density 2 weeks after DEC intake (Z = -2.197, p = 0.028). Over a longer period, a non-linear model predicts an increase in the mean microfilarial density to pre-treatment levels, having little or no macrofilaricidal effects. We reconfirmed the existence of nocturnally periodic W. bancrofti infection in Myanmar migrants in Ranong Province, and the short-term microfilaricidal activity of 300 mg single-dose DEC treatment used for biannual mass treatment and the DEC provocative test. Without an adequate DEC treatment dose, recrudescence can occur. A rational approach to the management of introduced nocturnally periodic W. bancrofti in Myanmar migrants, who came for short periods of stay in transmission-prone areas, is needed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Use of physician and acute care services by persons with and without Alzheimer's disease: a population-based comparison.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate differences in use of acute care services between persons with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD). STUDY DESIGN: Population-based historical cohort study. SETTING/SUBJECTS: All Rochester, Minnesota, residents with AD onset between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1984 (n = 301), plus one age- and sex-matched nondemented control per case, were identified with a retrospective review of community-based medical records. MEASUREMENTS: Cases and controls were followed in their medical records for number of acute care encounters in the year before January 1 of the index year (year of onset for AD case and their matched control) and in the 4 years following December 31 of the index year. Encounters included clinician visits (office or nursing home), emergency room (ER) visits, hospitalizations (inpatient and outpatient), and inpatient days. Multivariate regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, pre-index level of illness, and follow-up time. RESULTS: In the pre-index period, cases and controls were similar with respect to level of illness, number of office visits, ER visits, and hospitalizations. In the year before AD onset, 17 cases (7%) had a clinician visit in the nursing home compared with no controls. In the 4 years after the index year, mean length of follow-up was 3.4 years for both cases and controls. The numbers of ER visits, hospitalizations, and inpatient days were similar for cases and controls. Sixty-four percent of AD cases had a clinician visit in a nursing home versus 1% of controls. Controls experienced more office visits than cases (median = 16 vs 10, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The onset of AD is not associated with greater use of acute care services. However, neither is the high use of nursing home care offset by fewer ER or hospital encounters.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1980

The high prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in indigenous tribes in northern Mindanao, Philippines.

Human filariasis was detected in an anthropological and medical survey among the indigenous Mamanwa people of the northernmost region of Mindanao, Philippines in specimens of thin blood smears and cultures of leucocytes from blood samples taken in the day time in September, 1978. Microfilaria positives were 23.2% (22/95) at Bo. Pangaylan, Santiago, 26.7% (28/105) at Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte, 19.3% (16/83) at Urbistondo, Surigao del Norte, Mindanao and none (0/50) at Abucay, Bataan, Luzon. Morphological characteristics of microfilaria were those of Wuchereria bancrofti. The periodicity of microfilaria observed in 3 Mamanwa people was nocturnally periodic with the peak hours at 12 o'clock midnight and the periodicity index at 124.4 following the method of Aikat & Das, or 92.35 following the method of Sasa & Tanaka. Microfilaria positives in the culture of leucocytes were as high as 41.2% (28/68). Since blood samples were taken in the day time and the filaria in these areas was nocturnally periodic, the prevalence of infection among these people is assumed to be much higher than the observed prevalence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Differentiating depressed adolescent 24 h cortisol secretion in light of their adult clinical outcome.

A clinical follow-up study was performed of adolescent major depressives and normal control subjects approximately 10 years after the subjects had undergone serial cortisol measurements over a 24-h period. In light of their young adulthood clinical status, our objective was to ascertain whether there were any premorbid cortisol abnormalities associated with depressive course of illness. In all, 77 young adults who had received a diagnosis of adolescent major depressive disorder, or were determined to be normal volunteers free of psychiatric diagnosis at index period and during follow-up, were studied. When subjects were adolescents, blood samples were collected for cortisol at 20-min intervals during the 24-h period coinciding with the third consecutive night of sleep EEG. The subjects, in young adulthood at the time of follow-up, were reinterviewed regarding longitudinal course of illness, and the original adolescent cortisol data were analyzed in the light of information obtained. Of the subjects who had experienced at least one lifetime major depressive episode during the follow-up period, the subgroup who would go on to make suicide attempts during the follow-up period secreted significantly greater levels of cortisol in the 4, 6, and 12 h prior to sleep onset. Conversely, this same subgroup exhibited reduced cortisol levels 2-4 h following sleep onset. Adolescents who are at risk to make suicide attempts appear to display significant elevations of cortisol prior to sleep onset, a time when the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is normally most quiescent. Dysregulation of the HPA axis, combined with dysfunction of sleep-onset mechanisms previously reported in this same cohort, might serve as premorbid biological substrates that predict suicide attempts during follow-up.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of dopamine on left-ventricular systolic time interval in children after open-heart surgery].

Effect of dopamine at the dose of 3 and 6 micrograms/kg/min on the systolic time intervals (STI) in 16 children after open heart surgery has been examined. The basic hemodynamic parameters --heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure have also been evaluated. Heart rate did not change during either rate of dopamine infusion. Systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure increased significantly during the higher dose of dopamine. The dose of 3 and 6 micrograms/kg/min of dopamine decreased significantly the relation between pre-ejection period (PEP) and left-ventricular++ ejection time (LVET). Besides during the higher rate of infusion pre-ejection period index was decreased. The simple and noninvasive measurement of systolic time intervals is a sensitive index of the inotropic effect of dopamine in children after cardiac surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Haemodynamic characteristics in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension.

Systemic arterial compliance, baroreflex sensitivity index and cardiac function were studied in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH, n = 12) comparing values with those of essential hypertensive patients (EHT, n = 12) and normotensive subjects (NT, n = 7) in the same age range. Systemic arterial compliance of the ISH group was markedly decreased. Baroreflex sensitivity indices of ISH and EHT were similarly decreased. Pre-ejection period index (PEPI) of ISH was normal, whereas PEPI of EHT was significantly longer than that of NT. These results demonstrate that of the haemodynamic characteristics of ISH, the predominant features are a decrease in compliance of large arteries with a disturbance of baroreflex sensitivity and normal cardiac function.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Electrophysiological indexes of encoding and behavioral indexes of recall: examining relations and developmental change late in the first year of life.

Long-term memory undergoes pronounced development in the latter part of the 1st year. This research combines electrophysiological (event-related potential [ERP]) and behavioral (deferred imitation) measures of encoding and recall, respectively, in an examination of age-related changes in and relations between encoding and recall during this time. In a short-term longitudinal study, infants were exposed to different multistep sequences at 9 and at 10 months. In both phases, they were tested for immediate recognition of the events via ERPs (as an index of encoding), and for recall of them 1 month later. At both ages, infants encoded the events; encoding was more robust at 10 months than at 9 months. After the 1-month delay, infants failed to recall the events experienced at 9 months, but evidenced recall of the events experienced at 10 months. In spite of developmental differences in encoding and recall over this period, indexes of encoding at 9 months were correlated with measures of recall of events experienced at 10 months and tested 1 month later.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1984

Noninvasive evaluation of left ventricular function by systolic time intervals in essential hypertension with angina pectoris.

In order to clarify the hemodynamic characteristics in essential hypertension (HT) with angina pectoris (AP), systolic time intervals (STIs) were measured in 13 normal subjects (N), 23 patients with AP, 43 HT (WHO stage I: 13, WHO stage II: 23, WHO stage III: 7) and 19 HT with AP (WHO I: 9, WHO II: 10). The ET/PEP ratio was 2.41 +/- 0.24 in N, 2.70 +/- 0.34 in AP (p less than 0.02, vs N), 2.25 +/- 0.29 in WHO I, 2.13 +/- 0.25 in WHO II (p less than 0.01, vs N), 1.54 +/- 0.37 in WHO III (p less than 0.001, vs N), 2.68 +/- 0.32 in WHO I with AP (p less than 0.05, vs N: p less than 0.005, vs HT) and 2.71 +/- 0.30 in WHO II with AP (p less than 0.02, vs N: p less than 0.001, vs HT). Ejection time index (ETI) was 385 +/- 15 msec in N, 399 +/- 16 in AP (p less than 0.05, vs N), 387 +/- 13 in WHO I, 385 +/- 15 in WHO II, 363 +/- 25 in WHO III (p less than 0.05, vs N), 393 +/- 16 in WHO I with AP and 402 +/- 15 in WHO II with AP (p less than 0.05, vs N: p less than 0.01, vs HT). Pre-ejection period index (PEPI) was 142 +/- 10 msec in N, 135 +/- 11 in AP, 148 +/- 12 in WHO I, 156 +/- 13 in WHO II (p less than 0.005, vs N), 192 +/- 24 in WHO III (p less than 0.001, vs N), 134 +/- 13 in WHO I with AP (p less than 0.05, vs HT) and 136 +/- 9 in WHO II with AP (p less than 0.001, vs HT). These results showed that the ET/PEP ratio in HT with AP was significantly higher than that in HT alone, and this increase in ET/PEP ratio was mainly due to the shortening of PEP interval in WHO stage I and the lengthening of ET in addition to it in WHO stage II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1964

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDLARS.

The MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System) Project grew out of the National Library of Medicine Index Mechanization Project of 1958-60, previously reported. Work on MEDLARS has been in progress for over two years, and the system should be operational at the beginning of 1964. MEDLARS is a computerized information retrieval system with three major types of products: (1) one-shot demand searches on questions of great complexity, (2) recurring bibliographies in special fields of the medical sciences, and (3) composition of a comprehensive periodical index, the Index Medicus.

Abstracting and Indexing↗