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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Psychometric differentiation of biogenic and psychogenic impotence.

In a sequential clinical sample of 64 subjects exclusively diagnosed as either biogenically or functionally impotent, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and California Psychological Inventory (CPI) standard scales and the Beutler, et al., MMPI signs were all found to be ineffective in reliably classifying patients into the correct diagnostic groupings. Specific item analysis of the MMPI and CPI did identify a significant number of significantly differentiating individual items. Most of these items were shown to be reliably characterizable as indicating either performance anxiety or somatic complaint. Using these classifications of the items, the performance anxiety items were shown, consistent with theory, to be clearly associated with the functional impotence group. The somatic complaint items were shown to be clearly associated with the biogenic impotence group, presumably reflecting the symptoms of physiopathology, such as diabetes, underlying the biogenic condition.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1997

Systematic assessment of social phobia in clinical practice.

The purpose of this review is to propose a systematic approach to the assessment of social phobia for monitoring treatment outcome in clinical settings. A selection of measures is available, including questionnaires and structured interviews varying in length, complexity, and content. To design an assessment protocol for a particular patient or patient population, the clinician needs to be familiar with the characteristics of these available measures. The measures selected for detailed description and discussion here: (a) are specifically designed to assess social anxiety and social phobia, (b) have been demonstrated to have acceptable psychometric characteristics, and (c) have been utilized in treatment outcome research. Five questionnaire measures will be reviewed: (1) the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) (Turner et al., 1989a: Psychol Assessment 1:35-40), (2) the Social Interaction and Anxiety Scale (SIAS) (Mattick and Clarke, 1989 in Heimberg et al., 1992), (3) the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) (Mattick and Clarke, 1989 in Heimberg et al., 1992: Behav Therapy 23:53-73), (4) the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNES) (Watson and Friend, 1969: J Consult Clin Psychol 33:448-457), and (5) The Social Anxiety and Distress Scale (SADS) (Watson and Friend, 1969: J Consult Clin Psychol 33:448-457). Two interview measures will be reviewed, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) (Liebowitz, 1987: Modern Problems Pharmacopsych 22:141-173) and Brief Social Phobia Scale (BSPS) (Davidson et al., 1991: J Clin Psychiatry 52:48-51). Measures developed for specific subgroups, including patients with speech anxiety and musical performance anxiety, as well as the application of other evaluation methods, such as the Behavioral Assessment Test, will also be discussed. Guidelines for selecting appropriate social phobia measures for varying clinical and research situations will be proposed that take into consideration the strengths and weaknesses of these methods.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed2004

[Social anxiety and propranolol abuse: a case study].

A patient with severe social anxiety disorder has taken unprescribed propranolol for six years (up to 320 mg/day). In addition to the psychoanalytic treatment that had been instituted and after the diagnosis and prescription of tranilcipromine, both the social anxiety symptoms and propranolol abuse have improved; after the prescription of paroxetine she underwent a better controlled use of the betablocker. Despite the informal self-prescription for several years, the generalized social anxiety symptoms persisted. This case exemplifies the special difficulty of social phobic patients to seek for treatment. The author formulates a hypothesis that there may be an increasing informal prescription of betablockers among persons with social anxiety disorder and performance anxiety, a problem whose public health importance is still unknown.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of role clarity and empathy on support role performance and anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to examine wives' anxiety in response to their husbands' first myocardial infarction from the perspective of perceptions and interpretations of their support roles, their husbands' experience, their abilities to act supportively, and how these and other factors contributed to their degree of anxiety. Major study variables were: role clarity (measured by an instrument developed for the study), empathy (measured by the Barrett-Lennard [1978] Relationship Inventory), support role performance (measured by an instrument developed for the study), and anxiety (measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form A [Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970]). Four exogenous variables, husband's condition, previous experience in the support role, self-esteem, and trait anxiety, were used to test alternate hypotheses. Subjects were 82 wives of men admitted to three cardiac care units. Data were collected prior to the husband's hospital discharge and at 3 weeks postdischarge. Data were analyzed with path analysis procedures. Study findings supported two hypotheses, that support role performance has a direct negative effect on anxiety and trait anxiety has a direct positive effect on anxiety. Descriptive data obtained during the postdischarge interview provided documentation of uncertainty as another source of anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

EPI and IPAT anxiety scale performance in young women as related to breast feeding during infancy.

Performance of female first-year psychology students on the EPI and IPAT anxiety scale were examined in relation to length of breast-feeding during infancy. Ss who never were breast fed scored significantly higher on the IPAT scale and the EPI neuroticism dimension than breast-fed Ss irrespective of duration. The results were discussed in the light of future investigations of mother-child relationships.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1979

The effects of repeated nocturnal doses of clobazam, dipotassium chlorazepate and placebo on subjective ratings of sleep and early morning behaviour and objective measures of arousal, psychomotor performance and anxiety.

1. Repeated nocturnal doses of 30 mg clobazam and dipotassium chlorazepate 15 mg showed no significant effects compared to matching placebo on tests of psychomotor performance and serial subtraction of numbers given in the morning and afternoon of the day following treatment. 2. Both active preparations improved the perceived quality of sleep compared to placebo. 3. A reduction in rated anxiety scores was found with clobazam on the afternoon of the day following treatment together with an elevation of critical flicker fusion thresholds. 4. Dipotassium chlorazepate was found to impair performance of a low level conceptual task but not to influence performance at a more difficult level.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pre-competition anxiety and performance in female high school swimmers: a test of optimal function theory.

This investigation attempted to test Hanin's theory of optimal function in 15 female high school swimmers. Each swimmer completed the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Body Awareness Scale (BAS) under the following conditions: I) baseline; II) retrospective recall of "best", "usual", and "worst" performances; III) 24 h prior to an easy and difficult dual meet with instructions to respond as to "how you think you will feel 1 h before the meet"; and IV) 1 h before the meets utilizing the standard ("right now") instructional set. Success was determined in each meet by two methods: 1) objective ratings based on comparisons with the average of times from previous meets; and 2) subjective ratings of performance made by the coach. In the difficult meet significant (P less than 0.01) increases in precompetition anxiety and body awareness occurred, and the correlations between predicted and actual pre-competition were .95 (P less than 0.001) for both anxiety and body awareness. In the difficult meet swimmers subjectively classified as successful were more accurate (P less than 0.05) in predicting precompetition anxiety, and possessed pre-competition anxiety values that were closer to their recall of optimal pre-competition anxiety compared to the unsuccessful swimmers. No comparisons based on the objective classifications were significant, nor were any of the comparisons in the easy meet. The present findings support Hanin's optimal function theory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effects of cholinesterase inhibiting sage (Salvia officinalis) on mood, anxiety and performance on a psychological stressor battery.

Salvia officinalis (sage) has previously been shown both to possess in vitro cholinesterase inhibiting properties, and to enhance mnemonic performance and improve mood in healthy young participants. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 30 healthy participants attended the laboratory on three separate days, 7 days apart, receiving a different treatment in counterbalanced order on each occasion (placebo, 300, 600 mg dried sage leaf). On each day mood was assessed predose and at 1 and 4 h postdose. Each mood assessment comprised completion of Bond-Lader mood scales and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after 20 min performance of the Defined Intensity Stress Simulator (DISS) computerized multitasking battery. In a concomitant investigation, an extract of the sage leaf exhibited dose-dependent, in vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and, to a greater extent, butyrylcholinesterase. Both doses of sage led to improved ratings of mood in the absence of the stressor (that is, in pre-DISS mood scores) postdose, with the lower dose reducing anxiety and the higher dose increasing 'alertness', 'calmness' and 'contentedness' on the Bond-Lader mood scales. The reduced anxiety effect following the lower dose was, however, abolished by performing the DISS, with the same dose also being associated with a reduction of alertness during performance. Task performance on the DISS battery was improved for the higher dose at both postdose sessions, but reduced for the lower dose at the later testing session. The results confirm previous observations of the cholinesterase inhibiting properties of S. officinalis, and improved mood and cognitive performance following the administration of single doses to healthy young participants.

Adult↗