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PubMed2001

[Capillary array electrophoresis and high-throughput DNA sequencing].

Depending on the outputs of 10,080 DNA sequencing samples from the human genome project, technical features of capillary array electrophoresis are discussed. The results show that 88% of the total readlength were higher than 50 kbp/run. It means that most of the readlength could reach 500 bp or more with reasonable quality. The results were much better than expected when the technology of capillary array appeared about one year ago. A key parameter affecting the quality of DNA sequencing is the purity of sequencing template. Therefore, a batch agarose slab electrophoresis was applied to check the purity before loading. Other conditions, such as concentration of template and loading amount, are discussed as well. Finally, comparisons based on the electrophoresis timing, the pre-treatment of samples, the loading procedures and the results analysis between capillary array electrophoresis and slab gel electrophoresis have been made. From the point of view of high-throughput DNA sequencing, especially in the field of genome research, the capillary array electrophoresis should be the better choice as a more efficient technical platform.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2003

[Why a graduate diploma specializing in the management of health projects in Cote d'Ivoire?].

The achievement of the "health for all" objectives represents a particular challenge for developing countries where the morbidity rates and the number of deaths are increasing on an annual basis. In order the face this situation in Côte d'Ivoire, health action programmes were initiated on the one hand, and on the other, a type of decentralised responsibility was established for the coverage of the population's health at the health district level where these programmes are administered. However, serious insufficiencies were noted in the management of health projects as well as a lack of follow-up and evaluation by trained staff. Furthermore, it is imperative to have personnel qualified in managing health projects. In fact, this specialised training will allow for the attainment of knowledge and competencies necessary for the effective conception, development, planning, implementation and management of health action programmes at the national level as much as the district level. In addition, these health project specialists will be able to get involved at several levels in positions such as managers of national projects, technical advisors for national health directives, district managers, etc. Such training would contribute to the improvement of the population's health status and thus address the challenge of health for all.

Cote d'Ivoire↗
PubMed2004

Telemedicine development: setting the record straight.

When a topic so synonymous with advanced technology as telemedicine needs a written history, perhaps a discipline has come of age. Telemedicine has had an oral history among visionaries and technophiles over the last thirty years or so. Tales of grand projects, technical failures and fabulous successes abound at telemedicine meetings. One is reminded of the film footage of early efforts at flight where extravagant engineering approaches failed time and time again until the elegant solution of the Wright brothers took to the air on the beach at Kitty Hawk in December 1903. It is hard to imagine the frustration and excitement of initial efforts at telemedicine or manned flight when current expectations are for information on demand and on time departures. However, from very early efforts in telemedicine the vision was consistent: overcome the huge liability of distance in patient care by creating an electronic continuum between the site of need and the site of expertise. The vision continues to strive toward technical transparency and clinical results, which assure a patient that no matter who, no matter where, no matter when medicine will care for you with consistent professionalism. Technology took us from the patient home to the technology-rich hospital. Perhaps technology will transfer the majority of patient management back to the comforts of home, convenience of workplace or the exigencies of travel and mobility.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1988

The World Health Organization Library (Geneva) and Health Literature Services Programme.

The origins and functions of the World Health Organization (WHO) Library and the global, regional, and national objectives of the WHO Health Literature Services Program (HLSP) are reviewed. WHO is an aggregate of nations and not a supra-national body. With limited resources and unlimited needs, HLSP is involved in surveys, training, regional medical libraries, national and regional networks, bibliographic services and document delivery, promotion, coordination, and communication. The basic concept of HLSP eschews internationally-conceived, self-contained technical projects in favor of broad programs based on national planning. Small rural centers receive more attention than large urban hospitals, and preventive medicine together with health education and community involvement are of more immediate concern than curative medicine. National self-reliance implies national initiative but not necessarily national self-sufficiency. Recent planning and implementation of HLSP activities are described.

Information Systems↗
PubMed1995

[Cambodia: creation of a university hospital center at Calmette Hospital. A new start for french medical cooperation?].

In Cambodia, reconstruction of the hospital facilities remaining after the widespread destruction of the health system that occurred in 1970 has been under way since 1990. France has officially committed itself to re-organizing the Cambodian health care system and is playing a leading role in several projects. Technical assistance is provided at the Calmette Hospital, which provides not only practical training but also as a wide range of medical services with a 220-bed facility including medical departments, surgical departments, an intensive care department and a surgical theater. The objective is to reorganize the facility, update the training of staff and the available technology, and currently create an emergency care department. At the combined Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Odontology, restructuring is being managed by the French adviser to Dean who is in charge of training faculty and improving the quality of instruction which implies the assistance from French university professors. At the beginning of 1995, a new Pasteur Institute will open. The Calmette Hospital, the combined Faculty and the PASTEUR Institute constitute the University Hospital Center in Cambodia.

Cambodia↗
PubMed1996

Teaching technical skills to Project 2000 students.

Nurses are increasingly having to take on more technical tasks in response to changing healthcare delivery, new technologies and rising demands from patients. Meanwhile, students are expected to have acquired more and more technical nursing skills by the time they are qualified. In this article, the author looks at why technical care is becoming increasingly important to nurses and asks who should prepare students to provide such care. Some suggestions of how students can be better prepared to provide technical care will also be presented.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1991

Improving client outcomes: the Kansas technical assistance consultation project.

A central problem in the design and implementation of mental health services is how to transfer relevant information to the active practitioner. Traditional methods of knowledge transfer, such as professional journals and workshops, appear to have uneven results at best. Outreach consultation services, here described as technical assistance, holds promise as an effective and efficient vehicle for transferring relevant knowledge necessary to improve professional practice. This report describes the technical assistance consultation project jointly sponsored by the University of Kansas, School of Social Welfare and the Kansas State Department of Mental Health and Retardation. It is argued that an important function of this project was symbolic as well as substantive. State departments of mental health and major public universities can work in consort to assist professionals and programs perform at a maximum level. Such an effort re-casts the manner in which these institutions are traditionally viewed by those engaged in direct practice. A case example is provided.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1997

Technical elements, demonstration projects, and fiscal models in Medicaid managed care for people with developmental disabilities.

We presented a general model of the structure and functioning of managed care and described elements (provider networks, fiscal elements, risk estimation, case-mix, management information systems, practice parameters, and quality improvement) critical to service delivery for people with developmental disabilities. A number of technical elements of managed care systems were delineated and reviewed in relation to the inclusion of people with developmental disabilities. Several managed care demonstration projects were described and, finally, a multi-year hypothetical budget model, including long-term care, was presented as a framework for considering how managed care affects specific service structures. Implications for people with developmental disabilities were discussed.

Developmental Disabilities↗
PubMed1989

[Projections of the Tsai tegmental ventral area to the hippocampus: a study of the rat using the Fink-Heimer technic].

The projection from the ventral tegmental area of Tsai (VTA-A10) to the hippocampal formation was investigated in the rat by means of the Fink-Heimer technique, after VTA destruction by electrolytic lesion or local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 1 micrograms/0.5 microliters). Degenerated fibers are prevalently present in the ventral subiculum and CA1 field. These areas match with the area projecting towards the nucleus accumbens. Thus the dopaminergic meso-cortico-limbic pathway could modulate the HF-striatal projection which represents a link between the limbic and central motor systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Retrospective analysis of drug projection using correlative technics].

The problem of choosing substituents to allow correct correlative analysis according to the "Hausch Approach" is discussed. The problem of colinearity among parameters is considered in a case study on 296 anilides which inhibit the Hill reaction. The difficulty in of determining whether, pi or MR is the important variable in changes in activity is shown. "Cluster analysis" is discussed and proposed as a rational method for the selection of substituents to be introduced into biologically active structure in order to explore the scope of each defined physico-chemical parameter. An example of the use of this method conerning auxin activity of 1- and 2-benzotriazole derivatives is given.

Anilides↗
PubMed2004

Nuclear and isotopic techniques applied to supporting nutritional studies in East Asia and Pacific Countries: IAEA's contributions over 20 years.

The world's scientific community has recognized that isotopic techniques play a vital role in monitoring the effectiveness of nutrition intervention by providing precise data on absorption, bioavailablity and interaction of various micronutrients in a cost effective manner. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been supporting many such health related studies in Member States from developing countries using nuclear and isotopic methods for over 20 years. This report documents the Agency's support for a variety of projects in East Asia and Pacific countries to assess body composition, total energy expenditure, nutrient intake, osteoporosis, infection, vitamin and mineral bioavailability as well as food composition. The IAEA spent a total of 10,302,356 US dollars through Coordinated Research Projects (CRP) and Technical Cooperation Projects (TCP) over the past 20 years. Out of this only 2,732,802, US dollars or 26.5% was used by the East Asia and Pacific countries. While the participation of East Asia and Pacific countries was strong in CRPs and moderate in regional TCPs, they did not participate in national TCPs at all. The non-participation under national TCPs is a serious deficiency when compared with Latin American and African regions and therefore, more participation from the East Asia and Pacific countries in national TCPs is strongly encouraged in the future.

Asia↗