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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

In vitro fragmentation of gallstones: comparison of electrohydraulic, electromagnetic and piezoelectric shockwave lithotripters.

To compare the fragmentation efficiency of three different shockwave systems, 63 human gallstone triplets were disintegrated in vitro using an electrohydraulic (MPL 9000, Dornier), an electromagnetic (Lithostar Plus, Siemens) and a piezoelectric (Piezolith 2300, R. Wolf) lithotripter. Since each stone triplet was obtained from the same gallbladder, the concrements of one such set were identical in physicochemical parameters. According to the maximal diameter, the calculi were divided into group A (6 to 15 mm) and group B (16 to 30 mm). Shockwave application was terminated when residual fragments measured 4 mm or less. Forty-five triplets were fragmented at energy settings mainly used in clinical treatment of patients with gallbladder stones (MPL 9000: 20 kV; Lithostar Plus: setting 9 (maximal); Piezolith 2300: setting 3). The fragmentation endpoint was achieved in group A (n = 3 x 36) with the Piezolith 2300 after median 150 (range = 50 to 500) pulses and with the Lithostar Plus after 150 (50 to 750) pulses compared with 500 (50 to 1,500) pulses using the MPL 9000 (p less than 0.01). In group B (n = 3 x 9) the Lithostar Plus (median = 750, range = 250 to 1,250 pluses) required fewer discharges than the Piezolith 2300 (1,250, 250 to 2,500 pulses; p less than 0.05) and the MPL (1,500, 500 to 1,600 [upper limit] pulses; p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1980

Enhanced transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with strain 13 guinea pig lymph node cells: requirement for culture with specific antigen and allogeneic peritoneal exudate cells.

Previously, we reported that transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) with sensitized peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) in strain 13 guinea pigs is markedly enhanced if the cells are first cultured with specific antigen, myelin basic protein (BP). These cells also undergo considerable antigen-specific proliferation. In contrast, the data reported here show that lymph node cells (LNC) from sensitized animals display neither enhanced transfer nor antigen-specific proliferation after culture with BP. Enhanced transfer is obtained, however, if a second nonspecific signal is available. This second signal is provided by the presence of normal allogeneic strain 2 PEC in culture. After culture with BP and strain 2 PEC, 2.5 to 5 x 10(7) strain 13 LNC transfer disease reproducibly, in contrast with approximately 1 x 10(9) previously required for successful transfer. Addition of allogeneic or syngeneic PEC without antigen does not lead to enhanced transfer by LNC. Culture with normal syngeneic PEC plus BP oly infrequently enhances transfer by LNC. The intense mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) induced by addition of strain 2 PEC to strain 13 LNC precludes the use of 3H-TdR incorporation for detection of proliferation by EAE effector cells. However, inhibition of transfer with low doses of mitomycin C (2 to 5 micrograms/ml) pluse the fact that EAE effector cells are found almost exclusively in the light fraction of BSA gradients after (but not before) culture suggests that the latter are induced to proliferate in culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of atherogenic diet on the liver lipid level and development of aortic sclerosis in dogs].

Metabolic efficiency of the liver of 16 dogs, mixed breed, sexually mature, of both sexes was studied in a lasting experiment. The animals were kept in cages without a run, divided into 3 groups - k, A6 and A12. They were fed an atherogenic diet for 6 and 12 months. Beside cholesterol pork fat and cholic acid, the diet contained metizol. Hepatic lipids were analysed by the method of thin-layer chromatography and densitometric measurements. The numerical results statistically verified have been given in mg/g of wet liver tissue taken from the right lobe, homogenized and extracted after the method of Folch et al. Pathomorphological changes in the abdominal aorta were evaluated macro- and microscopically. The magnitude of aortosclerotic changes was compared with mean values of hepatic lipids. The numerical values and the image of chromatographic distribution are shown in Table 1 and Figs 1, 2 and 3. After 6 month feeding, in group A6 the authors observed a considerable increase of hepatic lipids, preserved capability of cholesterol esterification and the occurrence of early atherosclerotic changes in the aorta. After 12 months, the level of lipids such as phospholipids, free fatty acids, triglycerides and free cholesterol increased. However, a turning point in the capability of cholesterol esterification was observed, which was expressed by a decrease of cholesterol esters. In the abdominal aorta developed atherosclerosis marked with 2 and 3 pluses was found. It is concluded that beside metizol and overloading highcaloric diet, lack of movement contributed to metabolic disturbances expressed by hepatopathy, hyperlipemia and aortosclerosis, which has a great influence in dogs on preservation of homeostasis of the organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Excision and postreplication DNA repair capacities, enhanced transformation, and survival of Syrian hamster embryo cells irradiated by ultraviolet light.

The frequency of ultraviolet light (UV)-induced neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells (HEC) is enhanced 3- to 10-fold when the cells are first treated with either X-irradiation or with methyl methanesulfonate. Maximum enhancement occurs when the interval between the two treatments is 48 hr. The relevance of UV-induced transformation to neoplasia is confirmed because the transformation to neoplasia is confirmed because the transformants produce tumors when injected into nude mice. Excision and postreplication DNA repair were studied to determine whether the enhanced transformations were associated with either of these repair mechanisms. Independent of X-ray or of methyl methanesulfonate pretreatment, approximately 25% of the pyrimidine dimers are excised within 24 hr in cells irradiated with UV with 3 J/sq m. During this period, more than 70% of the genome of cells irradiated with UV has been replicated. Postreplication repair is measured by the time required to chase pulse-labeled nascent DNA strands to parental-sided DNA. Regardless of pretreatment, 1 and 3 hr are required for pluse-labeled DNA in control and irradiated (10 J/sq m) cells, respectively, to reach parental size. Therefore, no correlation is found between a change in the rate of excision or postreplication repair and enhancement of transformation. Relative to control cloning efficiency, the survival of HEC contain more than 10(5) pyrimidine dimers/genome. The level of survival is similar to the survival of human skin fibroblasts which excise pyrimidine dimers four to five times as efficiently. Moreover, postreplication repair cannot account for the ability of these cells to survive because it is three times slower than in human fibroblasts. Therefore, other repair mechanisms must be responsible for HEC survival and transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Teleradiology for dentistry.

As the world enters the "telecosm," the importance of rapid information transfer will grow. It is not unusual for the average American to have a beeper on his or her belt, a cellular telephone in the car, a telephone with remote access answering machine, voice mail, call forwarding, a home fax, and a personal computer networked with a commercial purchasing and information retrieval service such as CompuServe or Prodigy. Conventional cellular telephones, introduced in 1983, numbered approximately 6.4 million in the United States by January, 1992. This is a measure of the importance placed on rapid interpersonal communication. Undoubtedly, patients will begin to expect at least the same degree of efficiency in communications on the part of health care providers, including dentists. There are great potentials for expediting prior approval and reducing costs for dental care as dentists obtain new, lower-priced, direct digital imaging systems, especially as ISDN and electronic mail systems become more available and less costly. It should be possible to reduce insurance costs by minimizing the numbers of clerical staff needed to open, check, and return submitted radiographs. Centralized diagnostic centers for second or expert opinions both for the dental profession and for the insurance carriers are additional pluses. There are potential savings in mailing costs and in reducing travel required of the patient living in a remote region to obtain a second opinion. Transmission using commercially available access to Internet/NSFNET is already possible for a small monthly fee. Nothing, other than a basic personal computer with graphics capabilities, is needed to transmit and receive files once the image is in a digital form. Electronic imaging and image transmission are here.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

[Humoral response in hepatitis C infections: types of anti-HCV and reactivity evaluated using BLOT-index].

In this paper an attempt has been made at quantitative evaluation of reactivity of various types anti-HCV using proposed BLOT-index. We based our research on 20 patients diagnosed with hepatitis-C (clinical, biochemical, serological and enzymatical criteria--repeatedly positive results of second generation screening tests EIA ABBOTT HCV and UBI HCV Monoelisa Organon Teknika) who were anti-HCV determined at the beginning the acute phase and after 3 and 6 months. Multiantigen tests were used veryfying LIATEK-HCV 2 and LIATEK-HCV 3 Organon Teknika. Value of BLOT-index was algebraic sum of "pluses" for particular anti-HCV. Three models of dynamics of BLOT-index were observed: increase, plateau and decrease. Statistically significant differences between values of BLOT-index were shown at the beginning of the acute phase of hepatitis-C and after 6 months. There were no differences observed between convalescents and patients who developed chronic hepatitis-C (test t-Student's and f-Fisher's). Reactivity of anti-HCV, evaluated using BLOT-index, shown increasing trend, which is a dominant pattern, however quantitative and qualitative changes do not occur more frequently than every 6 months. The LIATEK-HCV 3 gives fewer undetermined reactions and detects anti-HCV earlier than a former generation of this test.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Pressor effects elicited from the periaqueductal grey, and dorsal and ventrolateral medulla in cats are independent from cerebellar mechanisms.

Cats were anesthetized with chloralose (35 mg/kg, i.p.) and urethane (350 mg/kg, i.p.). In 5 cats, the pressor regions of periaqueductal grey (PAG) of the midbrain were stimulated electrically (rectangular pluses, 80 Hz, 0.5 ms, 100-150 microA). In another 6 cats, the pressor regions of both dorsal medulla (DM) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) previously located by electrical stimulation in the same cat were stimulated by sodium glutamate (Glu, 0.25 M, 100 nl). After control stimulation, the superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles on both sides were transected while the stimulating electrodes were maintained in the same position. Changes of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EP) following stimulations of the PAG, DM or VLM were compared before and after transections. It was found that the transection did not cause significant changes in the resting SAP and plasma NE and EP and also the induced pressor responses, namely the increases of above parameters. Findings suggest that the sympathetic vasomotor effect and adrenomedullary secretion resulted from stimulations of both DM and VLM and possibly PAG are independent from the cerebellar mechanism.

Animals↗