SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PATHOLOGY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Induction by an inactivated influenza virus of congenital pathology and pregnancy pathology in mice].

Intravenous inoculation of pregnant mice with inactivated (noninfectious) influenza virus reduces by one-third their fertility owing to the death of the fetuses. Among the progeny of such females, there are specimens with signs of progressive pathology clinically similar to that which develops in the progeny born to the females intranasally inoculated during pregnancy with a live (infectious) influenza virus. The frequency of such pathology depends both on the virus strain and on genetic characteristics of mice. The role of influenza virus surface structures in the development of pathology of pregnancy and pathology in the progeny is discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Teaching pathology in the 21st century: assessment of required student use of interactive videodiscs designed to teach basic pathology.

A series of 11 computer-controlled optical videodisc modules in basic medical pathology was developed to be used as self-study materials. There are approximately 70 medical schools in the United States, Canada, the Philippines, and Europe currently participating in field testing this series. In the fall of 1988, second-year medical students at the University of Arkansas College of Medicine used five of these modules in place of traditional lectures during the pathology course. A pretest was administered to students prior to use of modules. Each student then used the interactive modules for individual study. Each module presented a brief pretest, an interactive study lesson, and a posttest, each of which generated a score for the student. In addition, after completion of all five modules, students were given a posttest which was included in their first scheduled course examination. At the end of the course, questions concerning the videodisc material were presented on the final exam to test long-term retention. Students also completed attitudinal questionnaires about their experience using the videodisc modules. Results of the data collected indicate significant improvement in knowledge base by students using these interactive videodisc modules. Analysis of student attitudinal reactions was also positive. Optical videodisc computer-directed learning appears to be well-suited for medical student instruction in pathology.

Attitude↗

PubMed1991

Academic manpower survey of 1990: I. Descriptors of departments of pathology in the United States (from the Joint Task Force on Pathology Manpower ASCP/CAP/APC).

A survey of chairmen of United States departments of pathology (97% response rate) augmented with data from the Association of American Medical Colleges shows that roughly two thirds (65%) of departmental faculty are physicians, the great majority of whom are pathologists. Most of the remainder are persons with solely the PhD degree (26.4% of faculty). The composition of departments of pathology in terms of age, gender, ethnic origin, academic rank, and tenure status is also reported. In contrast to a comparable survey performed 5 years previously, the present report shows that in 1989, departments of pathology contained (1) 20.6% more faculty positions, (2) a greater proportion of faculty members with a PhD degree, (3) greater numbers of open positions, and (4) a probable increase in the proportion of faculty that are female and that are of an ethnic minority.

Faculty, Medical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Smolensk Regional Institute of Pathology-- modern form of pathology service organization: organizational-tactical principles of creation and everyday activity].

Four main principles underlie organization and activity of the Smolensk Regional Institute of Pathology: 1) principle of a close link between pathology and clinical disciplines; 2) principle of optimal use of managerial effectiveness and initiative of the staff; 3) principle of association of practical and research activities; 4) principle of educational-methodological, practical and research activities as a basis of physician's clinical thinking. All these principles are used in everyday activity and may be used for creation of pathology institutes in other regions of the Russian Federation.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychosomatic and mental pathology as essential and interrelated parts of general human pathology].

The authors suggest extending the list of conventionally studied general pathological processes with psychosomatic and mental variants of pathology. These variants are relatively new in respect to evolution, are characteristic only for man and, in much lesser degree, for higher animals and have gained recognition in the last 50-100 years by defining the modern specificity of the nosological principle in medicine. The analysis of psychosomatic and psychic aspects of diseases may be of key importance for further development of general human pathology as a science.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Why manpower surveys in pathology? Use of the National Pathology Manpower Database.

The National Pathology Manpower Database was developed in 1986 as a representative subset of pathologists engaged in community hospital and private laboratory practice. Manpower surveys in 1987, 1988, and again in 1991 using the National Pathology Manpower Database have consistently shown a greater projected attrition in the number of pathologists from this practice setting than the number of new pathologists entering the specialty. Without periodic surveys of pathologists using a valid sample such as the National Pathology Manpower Database, it is likely that future decisions regarding the supply and need for pathologists would be based on the American Medical Association Master File of Physicians that does not specify practice activity or reflect any manpower kinetics.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1980

[From the cellular pathology of Rudolf Virchow to modern cellular pathology. Results, problems].

Cellular pathology, one of the problems of natural science, is a part of theoretical bases on medicine. Created by R. Virchow in 1855, it has reached a new level, has acquired a new quality particularly in connection with the data obtained in the past 2 decades in investigations of the cell ultrastructure by special methods of electron microscopy. As a result, a hypothesis of diseases associated with organelles has arisen. Currently, mitochondrial and lysosomal diseases are gaining recognition. Examples of them are mitochondrial myopathies and accumulation diseases which can be not only congenital but be induced by lysosomotropic substances. "Organelle pathology" is closely associated with molecular pathology which is the most important basis of "organelle diseases".

Autophagy↗

PubMed1980

Goals of residency training in pathology. An analysis of the initial two conferences for pathology program directors.

This report reviews the goals and objectives of residency training in pathology as defined during the initial two conferences of program directors. Specific emphasis is given to future needs and in particular the background and capabilities of the persons who will be practicing pathology in the 1980's and 1990's. In this connection, the following questions are addressed: How many pathologists will be needed? What should the balance be between generalists and subspecialists? What should the pathologist of the future be like in terms of skills, knowledge, interests, and personal characteristics? On the latter basis, what type of person should we attempt to recruit to pathology and what should be the content of the educational process he or she should undergo?

Education, Medical, Graduate↗

PubMed1976

The future of pathology: a Delphi study by pathology department chairmen.

This paper reports the results of a study by and of chairmen of pathology departments in American and Canadian medical schools directed toward discovering chairmen's perceptions and attitudes about the future of pathology. Over 100 of a total of 143 chairmen participated in some or all phases of this study in which the Delphi approach was used. Sixty-five chairmen completed all four rounds of questionnaires. Most chairmen are deeply concerned about increasing federal regulation of medicine. They expect to play a greater role in all phases of medical education with more emphasis on the basic science aspects of pathology. They also foresee a desirable shifting of residency training programs away from small hospitals to the larger medical centers. This shift will result in fewer but longer training programs.

Attitude↗

PubMed2003

Histopathological diagnosis of Barrett's mucosa and associated neoplasias: results of a consensus conference of the Working Group for Gastroenterological Pathology of the German Society for Pathology on 22 September 2001 in Erlangen.

There are a number of difficulties regarding the diagnosis of Barrett's mucosa and the varying grades of neoplasia that may be associated with it. It was, therefore, the aim of a consensus conference of the Working Group for Gastroenterological Pathology within the German Society of Pathology to achieve standardisation regarding the following issues: definition and diagnostic criteria for Barrett's mucosa and its discrimination from intestinal metaplasia of the cardia, diagnostic criteria for intraepithelial neoplasia, number of biopsies necessary to establish the diagnosis, significance of additional immunohistochemical and/or molecular methods as well as importance of a second opinion in the diagnosis of intraepithelial neoplasia.

Barrett Esophagus↗

PubMed1997

Quality assessment by expert opinion in melanoma pathology: experience of the pathology panel of the Dutch Melanoma Working Party.

Some cutaneous melanocytic lesions are notoriously difficult to diagnose by histopathology. For that reason, the Pathology Panel of the Dutch Melanoma Working Party was instituted and is regularly approached to provide an expert opinion on problem cases. In order to identify the most common diagnostic problems, 1069 consecutive referral cases of submitted lesions (1992 to 1994 inclusive) were analysed. About 60 per cent of the requests came from small laboratories, with up to three consultant pathologists. Two-thirds of the lesions reviewed concerned women and nearly 50 per cent of the patients were 30 years of age or younger. In 8 per cent of the cases, the referring pathologists felt unable to make a confident diagnosis; in 14 per cent, melanoma was suspected; and in 12 per cent, a differential diagnosis only had been formulated. The panel felt able to provide an unequivocal diagnosis in 93 per cent of the requests. Of the 158 lesions classified as 'invasive melanoma' by the referring pathologists, 22 were considered to be benign by the panel. Conversely, 108 invasive melanomas (panel diagnosis) had originally been considered as benign lesions, dysplastic naevi or melanoma in situ. These high numbers of discordancies reflect the intrinsic difficulty of the differential diagnoses in this selected material submitted to the panel. Diagnostic difficulties were most often encountered with Spitz naevi and dysplastic naevi. Although the rate of overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis is quite high, in the majority of cases the diagnosis of the referring pathologist matched the diagnosis of the panel. This may reflect a proper awareness of difficult melanocytic lesions in pathology practice. The activities of the Pathology Panel of the Dutch Melanoma Working Party contribute to the improvement of the quality of diagnosis in cutaneous melanocytic lesions, as they increase the number of unequivocal diagnoses and reduce the number of incorrect diagnoses. On the basis of the systematic comparison of the diagnosis by the referring pathologist and the panel, postgraduate teaching and quality control can be more focused on specific diagnostic problems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Depression in late life, cognitive decline and white matter pathology in two clinico-pathologically investigated cases.

CASE REPORTS: We report two cases of late life depression who became progressively more resistant to treatment, developed cognitive impairment, and began to exhibit neurological abnormalities and evidence of vascular disease. A discussion of the clinical features of the cases is accompanied by reports of neuropathology and neuroimaging findings. Extensive white matter lesions were present on computed tomography in both patients, and basal ganglia infarcts were seen in one. Neuropathology revealed evidence of cerebral atrophy, demyelination and white matter lesions in addition to cerebrovascular and generalised vascular disease. Neither patient exhibited Alzheimer pathology outwith the norm for their age. We believe this to be the first report of neuropathological findings in depression with white matter changes. LITERATURE REVIEW: The pathological basis of white matter lesions and their relationship to depression, its age of onset and clinical features is addressed in relation to the cases described. Pathological investigation of white matter lesions has not previously been carried out in depression and hypotheses regarding their nature in this illness are based on extrapolation from research in a variety of other disorders. The association of depression with vascular risk factors is considered, as is the relationship between depression and cognitive deficits. There is a need for further investigation in this area.

Age of Onset↗

PubMed2001

Effect of complete androgen blockade on pathologic stage and resection margin status of prostate cancer: progress pathology report of the Italian PROSIT study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the pathologic stage and surgical margin status in patients undergoing either immediate radical prostatectomy or surgery preceded by 3 or 6 months of neoadjuvant hormonal treatment (NHT) in a prospective, randomized study. METHODS: Four hundred thirty-one men with prostate cancer were enrolled in the Italian randomized prospective PROSIT study. The whole-mount sectioning technique was used. By May 1999, the reviewing pathologist had evaluated 303 specimens. One hundred seven patients were untreated before radical prostatectomy was performed, and 114 and 82 patients had been treated for 3 and 6 months, respectively, with complete androgen blockade. RESULTS: Pathologic organ-confined disease was found in 63.1% of patients with clinical Stage B disease treated with 6 months of NHT versus 61.0% after 3 months of NHT and 37.5% after immediate surgery. Among patients with clinical Stage C tumors, pathologic staging found organ-confined disease in 62.5%, 32.1%, and 11.1% of patients after 6 months of NHT, 3 months of NHT, and immediate surgery, respectively. Three months of NHT produced a significant increase in negative margins both in patients with clinical Stage B and C disease, but the addition of another 3 months of treatment did not significantly improve this result. A lower degree of benefit was observed in patients with clinical Stage C tumors. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that complete androgen blockade before surgery is beneficial in men with clinical Stage B disease. The effects are more pronounced after 6 months of NHT than after 3 months.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Lesions of the cauda equina: a clinical and pathology review from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.

We reviewed the clinical records of 149 patients with pathologically proved cauda equina lesions in order to define the relative frequency and clinical presentations of the various diagnoses. The most common pathology was ependymomas (47 patients) followed in frequency by nerve sheath tumors (35 patients), metastases (27 patients), nonependymal glial neoplasms (six patients), meningiomas (six patients), lipomas (five patients), paragangliomas (five patients) and various other diagnoses (19 patients). Mean patient age at presentation for the various lesions included: metastases (51.5 years), nerve sheath tumors (49.7 years), nonependymal glial tumors (46.5 years), paragangliomas (41.2 years), ependymomas (38.3 years), meningiomas (34.7 years), and lipomas (18.4 years). ANOVA showed that the relationship between age and diagnosis for these groups to be statistically significant at a high level (P = 0.002). Low back pain was the most common symptom and occurred in 44 patients. Other symptoms included unilateral lower extremity pain or tenderness (24 patients), bilateral lower extremity pain or tenderness (16 patients), and bilateral lower extremity weakness (16 patients). No relationship between pathologic diagnosis and specific symptoms was found.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed2002

Pathologic changes related to CMF primary chemotherapy in breast cancer. Pathological evaluation of response predicts clinical outcome.

The pathologic changes associated to response to primary chemotherapy in a series of 303 operable breast cancers are evaluated and correlated to patients' follow-up (interval free of disease and survival). In our series, the incidence of microscopic changes related to chemotherapy is 43.9%. Tumor replacement by loose fibrosis is the most common pathologic event. In most cases, the intensity of fibrotic change is proportional to the degree of clinical-mammographic reduction of the tumor mass. However, some discrepancies exist in the sense of absence of microscopic changes in cases of well-documented mammographic reduction as well as in cases without clinical reduction but with large areas of chemotherapy-related fibrosis. The presence of pathologic response is significantly associated with better survival rate.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Parallel compensatory and pathological events associated with tau pathology in middle aged individuals with Down syndrome.

Aged individuals with Down syndrome (DS) develop senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles consistent with Alzheimer disease (AD). Prior to or in parallel with AD pathology, compensatory growth responses may occur. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy studies in the hippocampus from 15 individuals ranging in age from 5 months to 67 years compared markers of normal and abnormal tau accumulation (phosphorylated tau [AT8, MC-1], tau-1, N-terminal tau) with the extent and location of neuronal growth marker immunoreactivity (BDNF, GAP-43, MAP-2). In middle age (30-40 years), prior to entorhinal neuron loss, the earliest tau accumulation occurred in the outer molecular layer (OML), which was consistent with both pathological and compensatory fetal tau expression. These events were followed at a later age, associated with entorhinal neuron loss, by an increase in GAP-43. Hilar neurons exhibiting a sprouting morphology were also noted. Age-dependent observations in the DS brain in the current study parallel hippocampal compensatory responses described in entorhinal cortex lesion studies in rodents. Thus, compensatory growth responses may occur in DS prior to extensive AD pathology and may be one mechanism underlying observations in PET studies of hypermetabolism in the entorhinal cortex of individuals with DS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Evaluation of patients treated for pathological gambling in a combined alcohol, substance abuse and pathological gambling treatment unit using the Addiction Severity Index.

Seventy-two pathological gambling patients were followed-up after treatment in a combined alcohol, substance abuse and compulsive gambling treatment program. The Addiction Severity Index (modified for use with pathological gamblers) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Patients reduced their intake of alcohol, other drugs and their gambling as well as improved in legal, family/social, and psychological functioning. There was a trend for improvement in medical condition and no net change in employment functioning. The study supports the idea that combined treatment is an effective way of dealing with patients whose gambling problems are discovered when they enter treatment for another addiction, as well as for patients whose initial complaints include pathological gambling, with or without additional problems.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hippocampal pathology reflects memory deficit and brain imaging measurements in Alzheimer's disease: clinicopathologic correlations using three sets of pathologic diagnostic criteria.

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), neuritic plaques and amyloid load were quantified in sections of the hippocampus at the level of the lateral geniculate body in 41 consecutive cases fulfilling pathological criteria for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and coming to autopsy after longitudinal study during life. A strong correlation was found between NFT density in the hippocampus and cognitive impairment scores obtained shortly before death, particularly with scores of memory impairment. Weaker and less consistent correlations were found for hippocampal neuritic plaques and amyloid load with cognitive/memory deficits. No significant correlations were found between hippocampal pathology and either age of onset or disease duration. All three measures of hippocampal pathology were inversely correlated with the minimum medial temporal lobe (MTL) width, a measure of the MTL atrophy made from temporal-lobe-oriented X-ray computed tomography scans performed during life; the strongest correlation being between atrophy of the MTL and NFT density in the hippocampus.

Alzheimer Disease↗