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Results for “Ovulation Detection”

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PubMed1993

Prediction and detection of ovulation: an evaluation of the cervical mucus score.

The use of cervical mucus scoring (modified Insler Score) in prediction and detection of ovulation in ovulatory cycles has been evaluated against serial ultrasonic follicular monitor and estimation of mid-luteal phase progesterone assay using the WHO match reagent system. The study showed that there was a very high positive correlation (r = +0.96) between the determination of day of ovulation by serial Insler score assessment and serial ultrasonography. Being simple to perform, cheap, rapid and reasonably accurate method of ovulation prediction and detection, cervical score assessment is recommended for use in fertility management in our environment with limited manpower, infrastructure and resources.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1981

A Bayesian change-point problem with an application to the prediction and detection of ovulation in women.

Under the assumptions of independent normally distributed and sequentially observed responses, a Bayesian rule for detecting a change from a constant mean response is derived. It is known that both basal body temperature (BBT) and preovulatory estrogen values undergo such a change in mean value at some random time during the menstrual cycle. The Bayesian rule is applied to estrogen to predict ovulation and to BBT to detect ovulation. Data from an aggregate of women are used to obtain prior information about the change-points and the parameters that define the changes in estrogen and BBT. A method is proposed by which the accumulation of information for a specific women can be incorporated into the aggregate prior information.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1992

A direct dot-enzyme immunoassay to detect human ovulation.

This paper describes an original dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for predicting ovulation in women, based on the detection of the pre-ovulatory estrogen peak in urine. A monoclonal anti-estrogen antibody is used which recognizes not only free estrogens but also some of their urinary metabolites (17-glucuro- and sulfo-conjugates) allowing a direct assay on early morning urines. Antigen is immobilized as a spot on a nitrocellulose membrane which is immersed in urine in the presence of this antibody. A peroxidase-labeled second antibody allows the detection of the first antibody bound to the membrane. Antigen and anti-estrogen antibody concentrations are chosen to obtain a maximal enzymatic coloration of spots corresponding to basal urinary estrogen levels and no coloration corresponding to the pre-ovulatory surge. Six menstrual cycles were studied, comparing dot-ELISA results with patterns of: (1) urinary estrogens measured by RIA either directly or after hydrolysis and extraction, and (2) basal body temperatures. The validity of the pre-ovulatory signal obtained and the requirements for an adaptation of this methodology to a reliable home kit are discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

A randomized prospective study to assess the effect of the use of home urinary luteinizing hormone detection on the efficiency of donor insemination.

A study was carried out to establish whether the use of home urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) detection to predict ovulation could decrease the number of clinic visits required for the management of a donor insemination (DI) cycle, and thus optimize use of clinic resources without adversely affecting pregnancy rates. This was a randomized prospective study carried out at a donor insemination clinic in Oxford, England. Fifty-six patients participated in the trial; 27 used home urinary ovulation detection for a total of 111 cycles and 29 had a total of 123 DI cycles managed by routine clinical methods. There was a significant reduction in the number of visits per cycle (P less than 0.001) if home kits for detection of ovulation were used. There was no significant difference in the monthly fecundity or cumulative conception rates. We conclude that the use of home urinary LH detection in donor insemination can reduce patient attendance at the clinic and optimize the use of medical resources without adversely affecting pregnancy rates.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Ultrasound monitoring of ovarian follicular growth during spontaneous cycles in Nigerian women.

Thirty-nine spontaneous cycles in 34 women (22 patients from the infertility clinic and 12 normal volunteers) were serially studied by ultrasound to monitor follicular growth for ovulation prediction and detection. Ovulation was also confirmed by a mid-luteal phase progesterone assay using WHO match RIA kits. Ovulation occurred from the left ovary in 21 cycles (54%) and from the right ovary in 18 cycles (46%). The maximum follicular diameter prior to ovulation was 21.0 +/- 3.48mm with a range of 15-28 mm. The maximum pre-ovulatory size in the group of infertile patients 21.4mm (range 15-28 mm) was not statistically different from the size in normal volunteers 20.8mm (range 15.5-27mm) (P > 0.05). Bilateral ovulation occurred in two patients. Changes in shape and/or size of the follicle mostly associated with increased internal echoes were the indices of ovulation in 84.7% of cases. Follicular diameter of 15mm may indicate imminent ovulation in Nigerian women. Infertility management procedures such as artificial insemination, timed sexual intercourse may commence just before or once this follicular size has been attained until ovulation is detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A simple ELISA for detection of ovulation.

A rapid, simple, two-step test for the detection of ovulation has been developed. The test is based on ELISA of pregnanediol glucuronide, a metabolite of progesterone, in urine collected specifically over a period of 3 h. The test is completed in 20 min and the results are assessed visually by naked eye.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Serum phosphorus during the menstrual cycle.

In the continuing search for a simple, noninvasive, reliable method to detect ovulation, phosphorus (P) levels have been measured in women across a menstrual cycle. Salivary P has been reported to increase significantly in women periovulatory. Reports of serum P show no such periovulatory peak. We measured serum P in nine ovulatory and two anovulatory women during one menstrual cycle. Indirect indicators of ovulation were biphasic BBT curve and luteal phase serum progesterone more than 3 ng/ml. No significant periovulatory change in serum P was found, only small fluctations ranging from 0.99--2.76 mg/dl. The absence of a periovulatory serum phosphorus peak in this and other investigations of serum P suggests that if there is altered P metabolism during the menstrual cycle, it is not reflected in the serum. Other mechanisms, such as urinary or salivary excretion, may be operating to maintain serum P within the physiological range. This hypothesis needs to be explored.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1981

Development, validation, and application of a rapid method for detection of ovulation in great apes and in women.

A rapid hemagglutination inhibition test for detection of pregnancy in nonhuman primates has been modified to permit detection of the midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) peak in hominid species. The test has been validated by correlation with immunoassayable LH activity in serum and urine. It has been used by the authors and others from prediction of ovulation in the gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee, and human. This predictive capacity has been of value to experiments in natural breeding, artificial breeding, and ovum recovery. The test has potential value for monitoring of the normal menstrual cycle, enhancement of breeding efficiency, and identification of anovulatory cycles.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Efficacy of methods for determining ovulation in a natural family planning program.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy in ovulation detection of methods used in natural family planning in comparison with pelvic ultrasonography. DESIGN: Prospective analysis of ovulation detection by natural family planning methods and ultrasonography. SETTING: Natural family planning clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Naples "Federico II". PATIENT(S): Forty healthy women who were highly motivated to use natural family planning. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Transvaginal ultrasonographic findings, urinary LH levels, salivary beta-glucuronidase activity, salivary ferning levels and characteristics of cervical mucus, and BBT. RESULT(S): Urinary LH level determination yielded a 100% correlation with the simultaneous ultrasonographic diagnosis of ovulation. Mucus sensations and characteristics yielded a 48.3% correlation when simultaneously evaluated with ovulation. Beta-glucuronidase levels yielded a 27.7% correlation. The salivary ferning test had a 36.8% ovulation-detection rate the day of ovulation, but 58.7% of results were uninterpretable. Body temperature measurements yielded a 30.4% correlation with the simultaneous ultrasonographic diagnosis of ovulation. CONCLUSION(S): Measuring urinary LH levels is an excellent method for determining ovulation. Although variations in mucus characteristics and basal body temperature correlate somewhat with ovulation, the length of the fertile period is overestimated with these methods. The salivary ferning test and measurement of beta-glucuronidase levels are not good methods for home ovulation testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prediction and detection of ovulation by the measurement of urinary pregnanetriol-3 alpha-glucuronide. A multicentre study.

The urine excretion pattern of pregnanetriol 3 alpha-glucuronide (PT-3G) throughout the menstrual cycle in 26 normal ovulating women was evaluated in a multicentre study. The concentration of PT-3G was measured by radioimmunoassay in daily samples of early morning urine (EMU) from 20 women for three consecutive cycles and from 6 women who conceived during the period of study. PT-3G was also measured in 24-h urine samples from 5 additional women. The peak of urine LH was used as a reference point for ovulation (Day 0). The EMU concentration of PT-3G in the follicular phase of 60 normal ovulatory cycles was 5.10 mumol/l +/- 0.11 (arithmetic mean +/- SE). The first PT-3G defined rise (CUSUM analysis) occurred during the late follicular phase (Days -3 to 0) with a PT-3G maximum excretion (9.69 mumol/1 +/- 0.55) on Day 0, whereas a PT-3G excretion peak occurred during mid-luteal phase (Days +5 to +9). The overall PT-3G excretion during the luteal phase (8.06 mumol/1 +/- 0.17) was significantly higher than that of the follicular phase (P less than 0.001). A further sustained increase in PT-3G excretion was noted after day +11 in the conceptional cycles. The 24-h excretion profile of PT-3G was similar to that obtained in EMU samples. No inter-centre significant variation was noticed in terms of PT-3G concentration values. The results were interpreted as demonstrating that the PT-3G excretion profile throughout the cycle exhibits a close resemblance to that of serum 17-OH progesterone. The data also indicates that although the immunoanalytical measurement of this urine steroid metabolite does not give an early sign for the occurrence of ovulation, it can be used for both the immediate prediction and the detection of ovulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Electronic probe measurements of cervico-vaginal mucus for detection of ovulation in dairy cows: sanitation, clinical observations and microflora.

An electronic vaginal probe with a sanitizing carrier unit has been designed to measure changes in the electrical resistance of cervico-vaginal mucus in the cow. Over 400 cows and heifers have been probed during the period prior to breeding. When 33 heifers and cows were probed 2-3X per day for 30 days, mild irritation of the vaginal mucosa developed during the luteal phase. In all other studies no grossly detectable lesions or other complications resulting from probing were observed either in experimental herds or in farmer herds where breeding tests were conducted. Fertility of probed cows was equal to cows inseminated when estrus was detected visually. Weekly culture of microorganisms from cervico-vaginal mucus collected from three cows probed 3X per week for 22 days resulted in no detectable change in the population of microorganisms. The number of isolates each successive week was 11, 8, 8 and 5, respectively. The sanitary procedures followed appeared to prevent introduction of organisms of any consequence, as judged by the decreasing number of isolates during the probing sequence.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Detection of ovulation by a radioreceptor assay for human luteinizing hormone.

A specific, sensitive, and rapid radioreceptor assay (RRA), employing membranes from bovine testes as receptor and [125I]hLH as radioligand, has been developed for measurement of human LH in serum. This RRA was used to determine the time of ovulation in seven women. For comparison, four hourly values around midcycle were measured by RIA. The sensitivity of the RRA was 0.78 ng/ml serum and could be increased by prolonged incubation. The coefficient of within and between assay variation at the 50% inhibition level was 7% and 13%, respectively. The mean index of discrimination (RRA/RIA) was 1.02, expressed by the slope of the regression curve. The coefficient of correlation was 0.97. In all women, the LH surge was detected by RRA, and the subsequent ovulation was verified within 30 h by endoscopic examination of the ovaries, as well as serum progesterone concentrations of more than 5 ng/ml on the fifth day after ovulation. As shown, prospective ovulation timing can be done by this simple and accurate method. The RRA can be useful in infertility therapy such as artificial insemination.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Predicting ovulation by detecting the preovulatory rise of estrogens and LH in the urine].

The preovulatory LH surge induces final maturation of the ovocyte which makes it suitable for in vitro fertilization. The spontaneous LH peak can be detected in blood or in the urine. Whatever the method of determination, the diagnosis of the triggering LH surge can be done only on strict criteria. This work defines these criteria when urinary Higonavis is used: a rise in the plus signs in two successive samples or a positive result in urine diluted fourfold.

Estrogens↗
PubMed1991

The evolution of reference methods to monitor ovulation.

Reference methods to predict or detect ovulation have evolved substantially during the past few decades. The potential use and limitations of such methods are reviewed. The use of transvaginal ultrasonography with color flow mapping to monitor periovulatory changes in the intrafollicular morphology and blood flow is described.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2006

Endocrine and behavioral observations during transition of non-breeding into breeding season in female American bison (Bison bison).

This study provides endocrine data in relation to behavioral events during the transition of the non-breeding into the breeding season in American bison (Bison bison). Fecal progesterone metabolite patterns (20-oxo-P) were obtained in 13 adult female American bison and hormonal data were correlated with behavioral observations; i.e. copulation, male tending, female tail-up behavior and gestation length. Based on fecal progesterone metabolite patterns, the breeding season started between the middle of July and early August. Predictable short cycles reflected the transition from non-breeding to the breeding season; the luteal phase of these cycles was 4.10+/-0.86 days. Copulations and female tail-up behavior were reliably associated with the hormonally detected ovulation. Male tending behavior was more loosely associated with hormonally detected ovulation. The observed hormonal pattern in the study females indicated that 9 of 10 pregnant cows conceived during the second ovulatory period in the breeding season. One other cow conceived during her third ovulatory period, and one cow did not conceive until later in the breeding season by beginning of October. Gestation duration was on average 266.30+/-1.00 days. In summary, this study confirmed that the bison is a seasonally polyestrous species; the transition from the non-breeding into the breeding season was characterized by short cycles with low progesterone metabolite values.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: anovulation in disguise.

The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome is a form of anovulation and a subtle cause of female infertility. The syndrome cannot be diagnosed by traditional progesterone-dependent ovulation detection methods. Without the use of invasive procedures or sophisticated equipment, the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome may go unnoticed. The patient diagnosed as ovulatory, on the basis of traditional ovulation detection methods, who does not conceive may be experiencing the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, and thus infertility. The syndrome's incidence, detection, etiology, and treatment are described.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The value of simple tests in the detection of human ovulation.

Cervical mucus viscosity (CMV) and fern test (FT), leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity, basal body temperature (BBT) and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined during 31 normal menstrual cycles of 29 volunteers. The day of the serum LH surge was taken as a reference point in evaluating the reliability and sensitivity in predicting ovulation of the other tests studied. Serum LH surge was accompanied by a sudden decrease in CMV, an increase in LAP activity, a gradual increase in FT and biphasic changes of BBT. In about 95% of cycles studied, the lowest values of CMV and peak values of LAP activity appeared on the day of the serum LH surge or one day before or one day after. The lowest point of the BBT coincided with the LH surge in only 26% of cycles. In 53% of cycles, the span was greater than one day before or after the LH peak. The FT corresponded to the LH surge in only 33% of the cycles, while in an additional 33% the preovulatory FT response occurred more than one day before or after the LH surge. The results indicate that CMV and LAP tests are rapid, simple and reliable for monitoring follicular maturation and the timing of ovulation when carried out daily, and may be of value in monitoring treatment during the induction of ovulation.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

[Elaboration of a device for detection of the ovulation period in women].

The results are described of studies for evolving of modern methods for determination of the ovulation time in women. After an analysis of literature reports three methods were chosen based on differences in body temperature measurements and a measuring device for these experiments was designed. The results are presented of preliminary experiments with this method of "measurements of changes in the reactivity of blood vessels". Further studies can be conducted only by physicians, and the paper contains proposals of using this device as well as the literature data.

Adult↗