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The nature of human orgasm: a critical review of major trends.

This critical review presents a synthesis of the available theoretical and empirical literatures on human orgasm. Findings from both normal and clinical human populations are included. Two major trends in the literature, the dichotomization of biological and psychological perspectives and the assumption of gender differences, are highlighted. A new multidimensional model of the psychological experience of orgasm is described with a view to futhering a biopsychological approach applicable to both sexes. Clinical applications of this new model are discussed.

Female↗

Masturbatory-orgasmic extracephalic pain.

Two single men, one with compressive spondylitic cervical myelopathy and another with tethered cord and intraspinal lipoma, experienced severe paroxysmal ice pick-like pains, solely referred to the neck in the first and to the groin and genitalia in the second, that were precipitated by masturbation and masturbatory orgasms. Continuous, but less intense, background pain was reported by both patients over the same anatomic areas. Neither had intracranial lesions, epilepsy, or suffered from migraine. Recently, extratrigeminal ice pick status was reported in this journal. These two unusual cases represent examples of extracephalic ice pick-like pain triggered by sexual activity, in the absence of orgasmic cephalgia.

Headache↗

Response of women with primary orgasmic dysfunction to audiovisual education.

Of 17 women ages 19 to 38 with primary orgasmic dysfunction, 7 achieved orgasm within a week after viewing an audiovisual sex education program, a statistically significant change (p less than .02). No other intervention (educational, behavioral, psychotherapeutic) occurred between the audiovisual session and later inquiry about subsequent sexual response. These results suggest that explicit sex education can help remedy sexual dysfunction in a significant number of women and that further investigation is needed.

Adult↗

Does the CAT technique enhance female orgasm?

The following is a report of The Human Sexuality Program of the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center to personally replicate Edward W. Eichel's claims that his Coital Alignment Technique (CAT) enhances and increases female coital orgasms and mutual orgasms. We failed to replicate these claims. However, it was the consensus of the group that within the context of sex therapy, the CAT technique may have merit in certain clinical situations, and as such deserves to be further evaluated.

Coitus↗

A comparative study using orgasm consistency training in the treatment of women reporting hypoactive sexual desire.

In an experimental study, a standard group intervention for treating women with hypoactive sexual desire was compared to a standard group intervention plus orgasm consistency training. Specificity of sexual change following treatment was assessed in 39 women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder who completed either treatment. Following treatment, women in both groups reported significantly positive sexual changes on two of the four measures of sexual behavior. Compared with the women receiving only standard treatment, the women who also received orgasm consistency training reported greater sexual arousal and sexual assertiveness at posttreatment and at three-month and six-month follow-up evaluations and greater sexual satisfaction at the six-month follow-up. Implications for these findings, study limitations, and future research directions are explored.

Female↗

Inhibited sexual desire and orgasmic dysfunction in women.

Desire phase dysfunction and orgasmic dysfunction are frequently brought to the attention of the gynecologist. While a variety of psychosocial and organic factors may be involved, the clinician can be helpful in a number of ways. Specific techniques of sexual counsel for both ISD and orgasmic dysfunction have been presented. Recognition and treatment of sexual dysfunction can be a somewhat time-consuming but rewarding aspect of comprehensive women's health care.

Alcoholism↗

Orgasmic epilepsy.

We studied a 41-year-old woman who had nocturnal somatosensory seizures followed by orgasm. The interictal EEG showed discrete left central parietal region paroxysmal activity that markedly increased during sleep. Eight electroclinical seizures were recorded during sleep polygraphic recording. Orgasms occurred coinciding with generalization of paroxysmal activity. No abnormalities were found on serial neurologic examination or computed tomography scan. The attacks were completely controlled with antiepileptic drugs.

Adult↗

Behavioural treatment of orgasmic dysfunction: a controlled study.

Twenty-two anorgasmic women received 20 sessions of a multiple-technique behavioural therapy. The design included blind ratings by two independent assessors, multiple assessment instruments, and a waiting list control group. Treatment was significantly better than no treatment in terms of: (1) the percentage of patients experiencing orgasm during at least 50 per cent of sexual relations; (2) the percentage of women reporting satisfactory sexual relations at least 50 per cent of the time; (3) patients' ratings of positive reactions to various sexual behaviours; and (4) assessors' global clinical ratings. Significant improvement was also noted on the MMPI, IPAT, and Symptom Check List. Improvement was maintained at a follow-up average 9 months later. These results support the impression that a behavioural approach offers much promise in treating female orgasmic dysfunction.

Adult↗

[Treatment with risperidone of a case of spontaneous orgasm].

A case report is presented of a patient who had spontaneous orgasms following treatment with clomipramine and were successfully treated with risperidone. The relationship with previous reports on drug-induced spontaneous orgasm is analyzed.

Adult↗

[Time factors and trends in the onset of the menarche, sex maturation and experience of orgasm in a questionnaire administered to 971 women in Vojvodina].

A questionnaire and interview of 971 women aged 15-80 years or more from three Voivodina communes (Becej, Veternik, Mali Idos) have supplied the following information: the arithmetic mean of the age of women during menarche is 13.459 +/- 1.523 years, the median being 13.872 years. Menarche appears earlier in the town (13.334 +/- 1.373) than in villages (13.668 +/- 1.61). The arithmetic mean of menarche recedes towards younger age groups (y = 12.90 +/- 0.106; r = 0.890, p less than 0.01), so that below 20 years is 1.4 years, and this is more pronounced in the town than on villages. The arithmetic mean of the age of women at sexarche (the first sexual intercourse) is 19.088 +/- 2.495 years, and the median is 18.964. The interval between the arithmetic mean of menarche and sexarche is 5.6 years, smaller in the urban (5.0) than in the rural environment (6.4). Sexarche recedes towards younger age groups (y = 18.136 +/- 0.130; r = 0.540), more intensively than the acceleration of menarche. In the course of their sexual life, 16.4% of women rarely experienced orgasm, 11.2% never did. The experience of orgasm "rarely" or "never" is statistically significantly more frequent in women over 40 years of life in relation to younger women (X2 = 6.893, p less than 0.01).

Adult↗

Self-perceived differences in the female orgasmic response.

This investigation was concerned with perceived differences between orgasms experienced via masturbation, petting, and sexual intercourse and the relationship of such differences, if any, to sexual satisfaction. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to registered nurses in fifteen states concerning sexual attitudes, sexual behavior and the female sexual response. Although 76% of these respondents reported perceived differences between orgasms experienced via masturbation, petting, and sexual intercourse, no differences were found between respondent groups for either physiological or psychological sexual satisfaction. Several other variables were identified which affected perceived levels of sexual satisfaction. A clear understanding of these findings should be helpful in counseling patients with sexual problems.

Adult↗

Inhibited female orgasm resulting from psychotropic drugs. A clinical review.

Female orgasm inhibition associated with psychotropic agents was reported ten years after the first report of ejaculatory disturbance in the male resulting from psychotropic drugs. To date, the psychotropic agents that have been reported to inhibit female orgasm include antipsychotic agents (thioridazine and trifluoperazine), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine, isocarboxazid and tranylcypromine) and tricyclic antidepressants (amoxapine, clomipramine and amitriptyline). As awareness of this sexual side effect of psychotropic drugs grows, more drugs undoubtedly will be added to the list. Physicians should be alert to the underreporting of sexual side effects by female patients and should solicit such information from them.

Adult↗

[Multiple orgasms in women].

Two hundred women treated for neurotic disorders and 100 female health professionals and counselors were investigated by means of a questionnaire to establish, whether they can have two or more consecutive orgasms. Multiple orgasms were reported to occur mostly or often in 14% of neurotics and in 39% of the health professionals. Our results in female neurotics are in agreement with the classical data of Kinsey et al. (1953) and with the recent data of Hubalek (1986), who investigated 121 women presenting for suspected sterility. Our results in health professionals and counselors are close to the data of Darling et al. (1991) in a sample of 805 American female nurses. It seems that capacity for multiorgasmic experience in women is higher than was generally acknowledged previously. It is possible that nurses, medical doctors and psychologists use their better knowledge of sexuality in their sexual activities to obtain more effective stimulation for fuller use of their sexual capacity.

Female↗

[Sexual stimulation and the female orgasm].

Questionnaire data regarding mode of sexual stimulation were collected in 200 women treated for neurotic disorders and 100 female health professionals and counselors. Clitoral stimulation was the source of female orgasm in 90% of subjects, while three quarters achieved orgasm also by means of vaginal stimulation. The anterior wall of the vagina seemed to be slightly more important than the posterior one. One third of the respondents reported effective stimulation in the depth of the vagina with cervical tapping. Stimulation in the area corresponding to the alleged G spot was acknowledged as effective by 10 to 20%. The sexual responsiveness of neurotic patients was generally somewhat lower than responsiveness of health professionals and counselors.

Female↗

Electroencephalographic laterality changes during human sexual orgasm.

Left and right parietal EEGs were recorded while seven subjects experienced sexual climax through self-stimulation. EEG data were quantified by continuous cumulated measurements of the integrated areas of EEG recording during successive 1-sec epochs. In eight out of 12 experiments, this measure revealed a statistically significant change in laterality. Controlled replications with two of the original subjects obviated the possibility that two potential sources of artifact (hand used for masturbation and gross body movements) accounted for the changes. While previous research has focused on vasomotor and myotonic indices of sexual response, this study demonstrates the significance of brain phenomena in sexual orgasm.

Adult↗

Orgasmic frequency and plasma testosterone levels in normal human males.

Twenty males participated in a 2-month study examining the relationship between 8 a.m. plasma testosterone levels and orgasmic frequency. Within subjects, higher levels of testosterone are associated with periods of sexual activity. Over subjects, however, the direction of the relationship is reversed. Mean testosterone levels were higher for sexually less active individuals.

Adult↗

The sexual interaction of women with secondary orgasmic dysfunction and their partners.

This paper reports the sexual interaction of 48 couples in which the women had secondary orgasmic dysfunction and the men reported no difficulties in sexual functioning. The results were contrasted with a sample of 63 "sexually satisfied" couples. On the Sexual Interaction Inventory, male and female members of the dysfunctional couples reported greater dissatisfaction with the frequency and range of specific sexual activities engaged in than their counterparts in the normative sample. Males in the dysfunctional group rated their sexual pleasure slightly higher than the norm, whereas the dysfunctional females' ratings were below average on this dimension. Within the dysfunctional group, males reported low self-acceptance and mate acceptance, while the females were less accepting of themselves but more accepting of their mates' responsivity. The female members of the dysfunctional couples had an average knowledge of their partners' sexual preferences, whereas the males were less accurate than the normative group in their perceptions of their partners' sexual preferences. As expected, the dysfunctional group reported greater overall disharmony and dissatisfaction in their sexual interaction. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

Adult↗