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Results for “Organizational Objectives”

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PubMed1998

Organizational features affecting the use of coercion in the administration of psychiatric care.

Historically, the use of coercion in psychiatric hospital admissions, and research on such use, have reflected social circumstances that impact on psychiatric care. Currently, the social emphasis on cost-saving in the U.S. and corresponding shifts in the organization, financing, and management of psychiatric and mental health care, have begun to affect research on the use of coercion in psychiatric admissions. Such research has begun to incorporate hospital organizational dynamics which affect the use of coercion in these admissions. The authors propose that this emphasis should be expanded into a comprehensive research agenda that examines the most pertinent organizational features affecting the use of coercion in psychiatric hospital admissions.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1997

A human resource planning model for hospital/medical technologists: an analytic hierarchy process approach.

This paper deals with the development of a human resource planning (HRP) model for hospital laboratory personnel. External and organizational factors impacting the demand and supply of clinical laboratory personnel in an urban academic health center are identified by a Delphi process. These factors are structured into a hierarchy for the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Computer software, Expert Choice, was used in model hierarchy development and judgmental elicitation process. The model result can be applicable to eliciting the perceptions, insights, and understanding of health-care decision-makers for strategic human resource planning.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2004

The responsiveness of State Mental Health Authorities to parents with mental illness.

The majority of adults with serious mental illness living in the community are parents, many of whom may be receiving services from State Mental Health Authorities (SMHA). Innovative intervention approaches are available to improve outcomes for these parents and their children. Analyses of SMHA and state-level data, as well as qualitative interviews of administrators, service providers, and consumers, underscore the importance of organizational structure and philosophy, an advocacy presence, and available funding to SMHA efforts on behalf of parents and their families.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Antecedents of counterproductive behavior at work: a general perspective.

Counterproductive work behaviors have predominantly been investigated at relatively narrow levels, with the focus limited to subsets of the behavioral domain as well as to specific explanatory approaches. This study took a broader perspective with respect to both dependent and independent variables. A sample of German employees from 2 organizations reported on their levels of general counterproductive behavior (GCB). In predicting GCB, M. R. Gottfredson and T. Hirschi's (1990) theory of self-control as a general explanation for deviant acts was tested and compared with several alternative approaches. Results from simple and moderated hierarchical multiple regression analyses involving 24 predictors of GCB strongly support hypotheses derived from self-control theory. Little support is found for any effects on individual differences in GCB beyond the direct and conditional impact of internal control.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Action research from the inside: issues and challenges in doing action research in your own hospital.

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Nurses are increasingly engaging in action research projects to improve aspects of nursing practice, education and management and contribute to the development of the profession. Action research involves opportunistic planned interventions in real time situations and a study of those interventions as they occur, which in turn informs further interventions. Insider action research has its own dynamics which distinguish it from an external action researcher approach. The nurse-researchers are normally already immersed in the organization and have a pre-understanding from being an actor in the processes being studied. There is a paucity of literature on the challenges that face nurse action researchers on doing action research in their own hospital. AIM: The aim of this article is to address this paucity by exploring the nature of the challenges which face nurse action researchers. Challenges facing such nurse-researchers are that they frequently need to combine their action research role with their regular organizational roles and this role duality can create the potential for role ambiguity and conflict. They need to manage the political dynamics which involve balancing the hospital's formal justification of what it wants in the project with their own tactical personal justification for the project. MAIN ISSUES: Nurse-researchers' pre-understanding, organizational role and ability to manage hospital politics play an important role in the political process of framing and selecting their action research project. In order that the action research project contribute to the organization's learning, nurse action researchers engages in interlevel processes engaging individuals, teams, the interdepartmental group and the organization in processes of learning and change. CONCLUSIONS: Consideration of these challenges enables nurse-action researchers to grasp the opportunities such research projects afford for personal learning, organizational learning and contribution to knowledge.

Bias↗
PubMed2000

'Quality is everyone's business' why this approach will not work in hospitals.

Implementing effective quality management in hospitals requires quite complex micromanagement systems. Health professionals, doctors and nurses do not have the time, skills and in many cases the interest to be responsible for these systems. To state the 'quality is everyone's business' is to use a platitude that seriously understates the difficulty of the exercise.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed2000

Rationale for an International Federation of Kidney Foundations.

Kidney foundations serve a unique role with their focus on the medical, psychosocial, and health needs of the individual with kidney disease and with their community-based structure. The types of activities in which kidney foundations may become involved include, but are not limited to, educational programs for health care workers and for patients and their families; educational, rehabilitative, and financial support programs for patients or their families; advocacy to the government and to other organizations on behalf of the needs of the patient and the patient's family; and fund raising for research or for other kidney-related programs. Most of the world's population is not represented by kidney foundations. Moreover, there are major variations in the programmatic activities of most kidney foundations. The fact that the psychosocial and educational needs of individuals with renal disease and renal failure are often great and the fact that access of individuals with end-stage renal disease to long-term dialysis therapy or renal transplantation varies greatly in different parts of the world provide a strong rationale for the establishment of community-based kidney foundations to advocate for the patient. The International Federation of Kidney Foundations (IFKF), which was formed during the past year, has as its goal fostering international collaboration and exchange of ideas to improve the health, well-being, and quality of life for individuals with kidney disease. The IFKF will promote the establishment of kidney foundations in regions where none currently exist and will encourage the growth in programmatic activities of kidney foundations everywhere. The increasing globalization of the world, growing affluence worldwide, and the willingness of people to engage in charitable giving suggest that this is a most opportune time to launch this international organization.

Foundations↗
PubMed2000

Future directions for gerontology: a nursing perspective.

This paper discusses the contribution nursing has made to the development of person-centred services, and the influence of gerontology upon such developments. It examines traditional attitudes to medicine and nursing, when curing was all-important and caring treated as secondary and the shift away from this attitude to a more holistic approach to nursing, where the dignity of the patient is an important issue. It argues that good practice utilizes different sources of knowledge, including intuitive knowledge, and discusses the integrated programme of policy, development, research and education activities that the Royal College of Nursing is developing. The options currently available to anyone wishing to study gerontology are discussed, and the pros and cons of the current emphasis on broad-based clinical and educational experience prior to specialization analysed. The key aim of the RCN is to develop the specialism of gerontological nursing and the quality of care experienced by older people. With this end in view, this paper describes the education programme being developed by the RCN, leading to the award of Gerontological Nurse Specialist--a person able to demonstrate knowledge of rehabilitation, clinical assessment, health care assessment and a holistic knowledge of the ageing process.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The role of the Department of Health and other key institutions in the promotion of equal opportunities, multi-cultural and anti-racist issues in nurse education.

Equal opportunities, multi-cultural and anti-racist issues have been discussed in nurse education for at least two decades. This paper discusses the extent to which the Department of Health (DoH), United Kingdom Central Council (UKCC) and the English National Board (ENB) have developed, implemented and evaluated the above policies in nurse education. A brief overview of the wider roles of the key institutions are outlined. More specifically, some of the major health and social policies implemented during the last two decades are reviewed. This review concludes that the major policies have neglected or marginalized equal opportunities and multi-cultural issues. This is especially so for anti-racism. It argues that the ideologies which underpin social and health policies reinforce white superiority and that these ideologies are rooted in Britain's history of colonialism.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Assessment of family-centered care policies and practices for pediatric patients in nine US emergency departments.

INTRODUCTION: Family-centered care recognizes the integral role of the family in the health and well-being of the pediatric patient. However, implementing a family-centered care approach often requires significant philosophical, practice, and environmental changes. A self-assessment inventory of family-centered practices can identify areas for change. METHODS: ENA conducted a validation study on an instrument used to assess family-centered care in the emergency department. Nine emergency departments of varying demographics used the Family-centered Care Self-assessment Inventory to evaluate their family-centered care practices. The inventory is organized into 7 sections: (1) vision, mission, and philosophy of care; (2) family support; (3) information and decision making; (4) services coordination and continuity; (5) personnel practices; (6) quality improvement; and (7) community partnerships. Individual and group interviews were completed with a variety of staff in each emergency department. RESULTS: All 9 emergency departments demonstrated some integration of family-centered care principles. However, staff knowledge about family-centered care varied. Support of family-centered care was most consistent in the departments with specific competencies, educational programs, and practices that were inclusive of the family. DISCUSSION: The Family-centered Care Self-assessment Inventory tool was effective in evaluating family-centered care for pediatric patients in emergency departments. The assessment tool helped the departments to identify current family-centered care practices. Based on those assessments, the departments were able to identify areas of strength and opportunities for improvement in the care of children and their families.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Community and consumer participation in Australian health services--an overview of organisational commitment and participation processes.

This article briefly describes recent initiatives to improve consumer participation in health services that have led to the establishment of the National Resource Centre for Consumer Participation in Health. The results of a component of the needs assessment undertaken by the newly established Centre are presented. They provide a 'snapshot' of the types of feedback and participation processes mainly being utilised by Australian health services at the different levels of seeking information, information sharing and consultation, partnership, delegated power and consumer control. They also allow identification of the organisational commitment made by Australian health services to support a more coordinated approach to community and consumer feedback and participation at different levels of health services such as particular emphasis on determining the presence of community and consumer participation in key organisational statements, specific consumer policies and plans, identifiable leadership, inclusion into job descriptions, allocation of resources, and staff development and consumer training. Discussion centres around four key observations and some of the key perceived external barriers.

Australia↗