Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ORTHODONTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Glass ionomer cements as orthodontic bracket adhesives. An in vitro study with 4 glass ionomer cements (GIC) and 2 conventional orthodontic bracket adhesives as the comparative group].

240 orthodontic brackets were bonded to buccal surfaces of bovine teeth. As bonding material we used four glass ionomer cements without etching and two normal orthodontic bracket bonding materials with etching of enamel. Brackets of group 1 were tested with a material testing machine for shear and tensile strength after ten minutes. Brackets of group 2, 3 and 4 were tested after one day, 28 days and 98 days, respectively. In the average the bonding strength of glass ionomer cements was 50% less than the bonding strength of the comparison group with etching. The fracture of the bonding took place to 80% between the mesh base and the glass ionomer cements. Defects of the enamel surface were never observed. The bonding between mesh-base and glass ionomer cements has to be improved before the use of this bonding material can be recommended for the use in a busy practice.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Ethyl cyanoacrylate (Cyano-Veneer) as an orthodontic bracket adhesive. A comparative in-vitro study with Cyano-Veneer and a conventional orthodontic bracket adhesive].

According to the claims of the manufacturer, aethylcyanoacrylate can be used to bond orthodontic brackets and some orthodontists have already adopted its use for this purpose. Because, however, the use of the material as thus applied has not yet been the object of research, the question of its adhesion to tensile forces immediately after bonding and after 50, 100, and 150 days of placement in a physiologic saline solution (0.9% NaCl) is the subject of this study. 40 bovine upper incisors were extracted from 20 animals for each of the four points in time. The brackets were bonded with Cyano-Veneer and Mono-Lok according to a randomized list. Mono-Lok, an adhesive from the group of common orthodontic adhesives, functioned as the reference material. The bonding strength of the brackets in relation to the tensile forces was measured by means of a "Zwickuniversalprüfmaschine" (Zwick universal testing machine). Immediately after bonding, the cyanoacrylate demonstrated significantly higher bonding strength values than Mono-Lok. At 50, 100, and 150 days in the physiologic saline solution, the bonding strength of both materials showed no significant difference. It can thus be concluded that, when wires are employed immediately after bonding, the danger of bracket loss is significantly reduced through the use of cyanoacrylate.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2004

Studies of orthodontic elastomeric modules. Part 1: glass transition temperatures for representative pigmented products in the as-received condition and after orthodontic use.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the glass transition temperatures (T(g)) of representative elastomeric chain products (plastic modules) in the as-received condition and after orthodontic use to determine differences between brands and pigments. Values of T(g) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Products were obtained from 3 manufacturers: Rocky Mountain Orthodontics (RMO, Denver, Colo), Ormco (Glendora, Calif), and G&H (Greenwood, Ind). Three colors (gray, red, and purple) were selected for each brand-pigment combination to evaluate the as-received products, and test specimens for each brand-pigment combination from the same batches were placed in patients' mouths for 4 weeks to evaluate the products after clinical use (sample size of 7 specimens for both groups of experiments). Results were analyzed statistically by multiple nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests. A post hoc step-down Bonferroni analysis followed, to examine differences in T(g) due to pigmentation within brands and differences due to brands within each pigmentation category. For the as-received products, the RMO modules had mean T(g) ranging from -24 degrees C to -21 degrees C, whereas the Ormco and G&H modules had significantly lower mean T(g), ranging from -46 degrees C to -39 degrees C, indicating substantial compositional or polymer structural differences compared with the RMO modules. After clinical use, the RMO products had mean T(g) ranging from -31 degrees C to -25 degrees C, whereas the Ormco and G&H products had mean T(g) ranging from -46 degrees C to -30 degrees C. The in vivo specimens also exhibited a second, higher-temperature glass transition of unknown origin. Results suggest that the Ormco and G&H products should have greater flexibility than the RMO products and that there should be significant differences in clinical force-degradation behavior for the Ormco and G&H products compared with the RMO products.

Color↗
PubMed2005

Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 3: The professionalization of orthodontics.

In the 1930s, creative thinkers in orthodontics began to more openly question the status quo. Apprenticeships had given way to formal instruction, and proprietary schools bowed to graduate university programs, including some taught or headed by women. The MD degree was gradually replaced by the MS as the focus of orthodontics zoomed out from teeth to the total patient. Angle's dogmatic stance against extraction was challenged successfully by his last disciple, Tweed, and another of Angle's pupils, Broadbent, developed that century's most important diagnostic aid, the cephalometer, which opened the door to Brodie's landmark growth studies and Downs's cephalometric analysis. Dentistry's first specialty organization, the Society of Orthodontists, was formed in 1900, and the first specialty journals appeared.

Dentists, Women↗
PubMed1991

Quality control in orthodontics: factors influencing the receipt of orthodontic treatment.

The factors which influence the uptake of orthodontic treatment are reviewed with respect to the features and aspirations of the consumers (patients and parents) and the providers (dentists, orthodontists and health system). It appears that the assessment of orthodontic treatment need is influenced by many variables relating to opportunity and demand for treatment; this results in a marked lack of uniformity in treatment uptake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Orthodontics and the temporomandibular joint: where are we now? Part 1. Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders.

Orthodontists are concerned about the possibility of a link between the treatment they provide and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The purpose of this article was to review the literature relating malocclusion and orthodontic treatment to problems of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding anatomy. In Part 1, the relationship of orthodontic treatment to TMD is discussed. In Part 2, the relationship of TMD to malocclusion will be addressed.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Condylar resorption during active orthodontic treatment and subsequent therapy: report of a special case dealing with iatrogenic TMD possibly related to orthodontic treatment.

A 28-year-old female underwent orthodontic treatment for approximately 22 months. During the later stages of this treatment, the patient reported right shoulder and neck-muscle pain. In addition, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) with a 'clicking' sound during mastication commenced 5 months prior to treatment completion. Specific medication to deal with these symptoms was suggested by medical specialists, as were some stress-relief methods, although the pain still progressed, and subsequent clinical and radiographical examinations were undertaken by another orthodontist. Right mandibular condylar resorption was observed from both the panorex and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) radiographs. No clinical signs of rheumatic disease were observed, although bruxism was noted. Following the termination of the orthodontic treatment by the second practitioner, the patient was treated with splint therapy 1 month subsequent to which, the previous symptoms of pain in the shoulder and neck, and the clicking sound during mastication had subsided. During the 14-month period of splint therapy and follow-up, new bone growth in the right condyle was observed from radiographs.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A 15-year follow-up study of 30-year-old Danes with regard to orthodontic treatment experience and perceived need for treatment in a region without organized orthodontic care.

It was the aim to study orthodontic treatment experience and past and present perceived need for treatment in 30-year-old Danes who, at adolescence, had no access to organized orthodontic care. In order to identify the malocclusion traits which elicited treatment or need for treatment, the findings were related to the occurrence of various traits which had been registered in the same individuals 15 years earlier. From questionnaires (response rate 86%, n = 841) it appeared that 10% had received treatment and 20% perceived need for treatment either in childhood or at present. At adolescence, the subjects who had subsequently received treatment, displayed relatively high frequencies of ectopic eruption, anterior cross-bite, extreme maxillary overjet, deep bite, and crowding; among those who perceived need for treatment, extreme maxillary overjet, mandibular overjet and crowding were relatively prevalent.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Clinical studies in orthodontics--an overview of NIDR-sponsored clinical orthodontic studies in the US.

A number of clinical trials sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) use rigorous methods of data acquisition and analysis previously developed in fundamental biology and the physical sciences. The naive expectation that these trials would lead relatively rapidly to definitive answers concerning the therapeutic strategies and techniques under study is dispelled. This presentation focuses on delineating differences between the study of central tendencies and individual variation, more specifically on the strategy to study this variation: measure additional sources of variance within each patient at more timepoints and perhaps with greater precision. As rigorous orthodontic research is still in its infancy, the problem of defining the proper mix between prospective and retrospective trials is discussed. In view of the high costs of prospective clinical trials, many of the questions germane to orthodontics can be answered by well-conducted retrospective trials, assuming that properly randomized sampling procedures are employed. Definitive clinical trials are likely to require better theoretical constructs, better instrumentation, and better measures than now available. Reasons for concern are the restricted resources available and the fact that current mensurational approaches may not detect many of the individual differences. The task of constructing sharable databases and record bases stored in digital form and available either remotely from servers, or locally from CD-ROMs or optical disks, is crucial to the optimization of future investigations.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2004

Current products and practices: curriculum development in orthodontic specialist registrar training: can orthodontics achieve constructive alignment?

This paper aims to encourage a debate on the learning outcomes that have been developed for orthodontic specialist education. In outcome-based education the learning outcomes are clearly defined. They determine curriculum content and its organization, the teaching and learning approaches, the assessment techniques and hope to focus the minds of the students on ensuring all the learning outcomes are met. In Orthodontic Specialist Registrar training, whether constructive alignment can be achieved depends on the relationship between these aspects of the education process and the various bodies responsible for their delivery in the UK.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2001

[Analysis of conflict situations in orthodontics by Moscow Municipal Committee for Expert Evaluation of Orthodontic Treatment and Denture Making].

The activities of Municipal Committee for Expert Evaluation of Orthodontic Treatment and Fitting with Dentures promote resolution of conflicts: only 5-7% conflict affairs are investigated in the court after investigation in the Committee. A total of 686 patients, mainly with combined maxillofacial diseases, were consulted for 3.5 years of its work. Each patient had 2 diseases and/or complications, on the average. The most frequent complaints were associated with common crowns. The patients complained of pain, poor cement fixation of bridge dentures, and difficult chewing. The most common deviations from routine regulations of orthodontic treatment, which led to development of complications, are enumerated.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

[The discrepancy between ICP and MCP caused by orthodontic treatment and its quantitative assessment to the effect of later orthodontic treatment.].

PURPOSE: To investigate the discrepancy between ICP and MCP caused by orthodontic treatment. to evaluate the treatment effect of the malocclusion with later orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Nineteen cases were selected and treated with preadjusted appliance and combination headgear appliance.Pre- and post- treatment celphalometric radiographs were analyzed. RESULTS: Discrepancy between ICP and MCP may be resulted from improper design and operation of orthodontists and poor cooperation of patients; By preadjusted appliance and combination headgear appliance,upper dental arch was moved distally; Molar relationship was changed into Class I by bodily movement; A harmonization between ICP and MCP was rehabilitated. CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancy between ICP and MCP should be minded; Preadjusted appliance and combination headgear appliance were effective in the correction of the discrepancy between ICP and MCP.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed2005

Outcome assessment of Invisalign and traditional orthodontic treatment compared with the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system.

INTRODUCTION: This treatment-outcome assessment objectively compares Invisalign (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) treatment with braces. METHODS: This study, a retrospective cohort analysis, was conducted in New York, NY, in 2004. Records from 2 groups of 48 patients (Invisalign and braces groups) were evaluated by using methods from the American Board of Orthodontics Phase III examination. The discrepancy index was used to analyze pretreatment records to control for initial severity of malocclusion. The objective grading system (OGS) was used to systematically grade posttreatment records. Statistical analyses evaluated treatment outcome, duration, and strengths and weaknesses of Invisalign compared with braces. RESULTS: The Invisalign group lost 13 OGS points more than the braces group on average, and the OGS passing rate for Invisalign was 27% lower than that for braces. Invisalign scores were consistently lower than braces scores for buccolingual inclination, occlusal contacts, occlusal relationships, and overjet. Invisalign's OGS scores were negatively correlated to initial overjet, occlusion, and buccal posterior crossibite. Invisalign patients finished 4 months sooner than those with fixed appliances on average. P < .05 was used to determine statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: According to the OGS, Invisalign did not treat malocclusions as well as braces in this sample. Invisalign was especially deficient in its ability to correct large anteroposterior discrepancies and occlusal contacts. The strengths of Invisalign were its ability to close spaces and correct anterior rotations and marginal ridge heights. This study might help clinicians to determine which patients are best suited for Invisalign treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 5: the American Board of Orthodontics, Albert Ketcham, and early 20th-century appliances.

Early in the last century, 3 events put Colorado in the orthodontic spotlight: the discovery-by an orthodontist-of the caries-preventive powers of fluoridated water, the formation of dentistry's first specialty board, and the founding of a supply company by and for orthodontists. Meanwhile, inventive practitioners were giving the profession more choices of treatment modalities, and stainless steel was making its feeble debut.

Fluoridation↗
PubMed1983

Gingival invagination in extraction sites of orthodontic patients: their incidence, effects on periodontal health, and orthodontic treatment.

Incomplete adaptation of supporting structures during orthodontic closure of extraction spaces may result in invagination of the gingiva in this area. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence and possible association of these structural changes with gingival health and stability of extraction-space closure. Three groups of twenty-four orthodontic patients who had first premolars removed were examined at different stages of treatment: space closure complete, in retention, and postretention. The location, and severity of invaginations were recorded. The overall and extraction area gingival health, width of attached gingiva, and tightness of contacts in that area were assessed. The canine inclination at the various stages of treatment was measured from panoramic radiographs. The data were analyzed via comparison of means, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and ANOVA. Results indicated a very high incidence of invaginations forming during extraction-space closure. Invaginations were more frequent, complex, and severe in the mandibular arch than in the maxillary arch (p less than 0.001). The width of attached gingiva, overall gingival health, and canine inclination were not consistently related to their formation. The general trend was toward some resolution of these defects with time, but many persisted years after retention was discontinued. There was no evidence of an association with reopening of extraction space (p greater than 0.05). The presence and severity of gingival invaginations were consistently related to a reduction in gingival health in that area (p less than 0.001), regardless of the phase of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Biochemical aspects of orthodontic tooth movement. I. Cyclic nucleotide and prostaglandin concentrations in tissues surrounding orthodontically treated teeth in vivo.

The objective of this study was to extract and assay cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins from tissues surrounding orthodontically treated canines in cats. Seven groups of three to five female cats were treated by 80 g tipping force to one maxillary canine for 0 to 28 days. Tissue samples were removed from sites of compression and tension around treated teeth, and from the corresponding control sites. Cyclic nucleotides and prostaglandins were simultaneously extracted by a solvent system at 0 to -5 degrees C. A portion of the aqueous fraction was used for cAMP assay by a binding protein method; cGMP was purified by column chromatography and measured by radioimmunoassay. The solvent fraction was dried, reconstituted with assay buffer, and each of the prostaglandins measured by radioimmunoassay. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences between summary control and treated sites at each of the time periods studied. However, when interactions at secondary and tertiary levels were considered (such as tension and compression, position [apical-gingival sites] of tissue sample, and jaws), significant differences were found in PGE, cAMP, and PGF2 alpha values. These results demonstrate that alterations in the levels of each of these substances in tissues surrounding teeth may be brought about by long-term applications of orthodontic force in vivo. The method of tissue sampling, however, does not permit measurement of the levels of these substances in target cells alone, thus diluting the acute response that may have occurred in these cells.

Alveolar Process↗