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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[New species and new finds of trombiculid mites of the genus Leptotrombidium in Tadzhikistan (Trombiculidae)].

New species of chiggers from Tadzhikistan are described: Leptotrombidium tamanta sp. n. differs from all other species in having pubescent dorsal and lateral setae on the tibia of palps; L. derlatkoi sp. n. and L. apertum sp. n. are similar with L. smirnovi Kudryashova et Ribin, 1974, from which the former differs in having in the first dorsal row 8 setae instead of 10 and in certain sizes and the latter--in having a smaller number of setae on the body, short barbs on the dorsal setae and sizes. L. solum sp. n. differs from the close species L. europaeum (Daniel et Brelih, 1959) in the number of dorsal setae (43 instead of 34), their location and smaller sizes of the scutum. L. wolandi sp. n. differs from the preceding species by a greater number of NDV and shorter PL. L. multiplex sp. n. is characterized by a great number of setae on the body (104--120). L. smirnovi is first reported from Tadzhikistan.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

New findings in transgenic, gene knockout and mutant mice.

Mice with experimentally induced or spontaneous genetic alterations continue to provide new and often unexpected information on the mechanisms of mammalian aging. Papers published during the last year (July 1, 2005 through June 30, 2006) contain many exciting findings, including development and characterization of a new animal model for the study of aging. Highlights of these recent developments will be briefly discussed in this Review.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Health and illness among the elderly of minority ethnic groups living in Birmingham: some new findings.

The number of people over pensionable age who are of ethnic minority (New Commonwealth) origin is increasing rapidly. A limited survey of 348 Afro-Caribbean and Asian elderly people and 52 elderly Europeans living in Birmingham was recently carried out to investigate, among other things, their health and use of health services. The main survey findings on the proportions of the elderly needing to visit their doctors or go to hospital for treatment, the proportions suffering problems of sight, hearing and walking or having dental problems, and other indicators of health and illness are briefly discussed in this paper.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Structure and location of amyloid beta peptide chains and arrays in Alzheimer's disease: new findings require reevaluation of the amyloid hypothesis and of tests of the hypothesis.

New in situ high resolution electronmicroscopic examination of amyloid fibrils in situ indicate that in Alzheimer's disease these fibrils are not simply long chains of self aggregated amyloid beta peptide. The amyloid beta is not only associated with P protein and glycans, as was well known from previous immunohistologic studies, but is arranged in the form of short chains at right angles to a P protein backbone with the glycans wrapped around that backbone. These findings suggest that the hypothesis causally relating simple, fibrillar amyloid beta to Alzheimer's disease must be reevaluated since such simple fibrils may be absent, or not the major form of the amyloid beta in the brain. Other data shows that shorter multimers, so-called protofibrils, or dimers of amyloid beta or molecules cleaved from it can be highly toxic. Some of these may be in the soluble amyloid beta fraction. Shorter multimers or dimers of amyloid beta, either extra or intracellular, may be the real links between amyloid beta production and Alzheimer's disease. Toxicity studies employing fibrillar amyloid beta may not be relevant, even if they produce lesions, because they do not employ amyloid beta in the form in which it actually exists in the Alzheimer brain. Studies of treatments designed to remove fibrils or to prevent their formation may be ineffective or suboptimal in effectiveness because they do not reduce the relevant amyloid burden and/or fail to alter the arrangement of shorter multimers of amyloid beta around its P-protein and glycan core.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1990

Protruding atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic arch of patients with systemic embolization: a new finding seen by transesophageal echocardiography.

Patients with unexplained stroke or other embolic phenomena are often referred for echocardiography. The aortic arch is not usually visualized in detail during routine echocardiography; however, with the introduction of transesophageal echocardiography, this area may be seen with great resolution. We recently studied three patients who had embolic events, and transesophageal echocardiography showed a new and unexpected finding; large, protrusive plaques in the aortic arch and descending aorta, which have mobile projections that move freely with the blood flow. These lesions could be responsible for embolic syndromes, especially after catheter manipulation in the aorta.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The New Immigrant Survey Pilot (NIS-P): overview and new findings about U.S. legal immigrants at admission.

This paper provides an overview of the New Immigrant Survey Pilot (NIS-P), a panel survey of a nationally representative sample of new legal immigrants to the United States based on probability samples of administrative records of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The NIS-P links survey information about immigrants' pre- and post-immigration labor market, schooling, and migratory experiences with data available from INS administrative records, including the visa type under which the immigrant was admitted. Results indicate that the procedures followed for locating, interviewing, and reinterviewing respondents yielded representative samples of new legal immigrants and high-quality data. On the basis of data obtained from the first round of the survey, we present new information never before available on the schooling and language skills of new immigrants and their earnings gains from immigration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[New findings on the morphology and motor function of basal ganglia].

This paper presents results of new investigations on morphology and motor function of basal ganglia, which point to the fact that their dimensions are individual and not correlated with the dimension of the corresponding hemisphere. Basal ganglia motor function is studied on the basis of disturbances which occur if they are damaged, both in sick people and experimental animals. Analysis of recorded single-neuron activity, in animals and in patients undergoing special surgical procedures, is especially instructive for understanding this function. According to new insights there are at least five multiple neuronal regions: motor, oculomotor, limbic, dorsolateral prefrontal and lateral orbitofrontal region. Morphologic and functional studies partly disagree in interpreting connections among these regions. On the basis of functional studies it is considered that parallelism and functional separation exist, while on the basis of morphologic studies it is considered that at the level of basal ganglia output convergence occurs. New insights speak about parallelism and convergence at the same time. It is thought that inside basal ganglia motor region there are two divided systems, direct and indirect, which direct the output impulses towards talamus. The direct leads to facilitation of cortically started movements, and the indirect to suppression of unwanted motor behavior. On the basis of literature data we can conclude that basal ganglia support cortically generated movements, participate in sequential movements, suppress unwanted motor activity and in altered circumstances stop the course of started motor sequences allowing new, adequate motor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[New findings concerning the spread of natural foci of infection in the transpolar region of eastern Siberia].

New materials are presented on the presence of the foci of anthropozoonozes in the Extreme North. For the first time there was established the existence in the subarctic tundra of the Taimyr peninsula of the arbovirus foci of the tick-borne encephalitis complex. A virus of the tick-borne encephalitis complex was isolated in 1973 from the gamasida ticks Haemogamasus ambulans Thorel. and Hirstionyssus isabellinus Oudms. and the nests of the Siberian lemming Lemmus lemmus L. This pointed to the existence in the Transpolar region of the foci or arboviruses in the nest-hole biocenoses of the lemmings outside the bird colonies. Cultures of tularemia bacilli (which proved the etiology of the epizootic among the lemmings observed in 1973 and also the presence of the lemming natural foci of tularemia and their combination with the arbovirus foci) were isolated from the lemmings at the same territory. The results of serological examination of the local population and of the animals pointed to the circulation in the Transpolar region of the causative agents of leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, Q-fever and of the Asian tick-borne rickettsiosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New findings on pathogenic mechanisms of collagen fiber damage during development of periodontal diseases].

This paper reviews new knowledge on collagen destruction of the periodontium during development of periodontal diseases. Numerous clinical and experimental studies reveal important data in regard to recognition of these pathogenetic mechanisms. Two of them are described: intracellular-not depending on collagenase and extracellular-depending on collagenase. Which of these mechanisms is more important or what their concrete relationship is like, is still unknown.

Collagen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New findings of trematodes in commercial fishes of the eastern Atlantic].

Three fish trematode species are found from the new hosts: Pseudobacciger harengulae in Sardina pilchardus and Sardinella aurita; Diphterostomum brusinae in Parapristipoma octolineata, Pagellus acarne and Umbrina canariensis; Lecithocladium angustiovum in Pomadasys incisus caught in the East Atlantic. All species were found in the new localities. Some characters of D. brusinae morphology are detailed. Measurements of trematode species from different hosts are given. Key to species of genus Pseudobacciger in proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Regulation of tone in penile cavernous smooth muscle. Established concepts and new findings.

Since Benson, in 1983, reported on a potent nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) transmitter postulated to relax penile vessels and the corpus cavernosum, much new information on the mechanisms of contraction and relaxation of corporeal smooth muscle and penile vasculature has been obtained. The information currently available suggests that NANC transmitters may be involved in both contractile and relaxant responses of penile erectile tissues. There is good experimental evidence to allow the assumption that neurogenic nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator of penile erection, but even if NO probably is the most important factor for relaxation of penile vessels and the corpus cavernosum, this does not exclude the possibility that other agents released from nerves may have a modulatory function in this process. However, the roles of, for example, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and related peptides as neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators in the nervous control of penile erection have yet to be established. The restricted availability of human penile erectile tissues has led to the use of cavernous tissue and penile vessels from animals, both for screening and for detailed analysis of mechanisms previously demonstrated to exist also in human tissues. When interpreting the results obtained, it is important to stress that there may be important differences between human and animal tissues, that each of the tissues only gives a piece of information on the complex process of penile erection, and that the physiological and clinical importance of results from such experiments may be limited. The differing responses in different parts of the vasculature within the penis and the multiplicity of putative transmitters present in the corpus cavernosum and in perivascular nerves make further investigations necessary, as do the interactions between transmitters and neuromodulators at the neuromuscular junction, and between the neural and endothelial control of vascular tone.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2004

Childhood social environment and Hodgkin's lymphoma: new findings from a population-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma in young adults has previously been associated with higher childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and other markers of delayed infection with common childhood pathogens, especially the Epstein-Barr virus. This study examines the current role of childhood social environment in the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma. METHODS: A population-based case-control study of 565 Hodgkin's lymphoma cases and 679 controls was conducted in the Boston, MA metropolitan area and the state of Connecticut to investigate the viral etiology of Hodgkin's lymphoma. RESULTS: A novel association was detected between attendance of nursery school or day care and reduced risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma among individuals ages 15 to 54 years. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for having attended preschool for at least 1 year was 0.64 (0.45-0.92). Risk of young-adult Hodgkin's lymphoma was also associated with family history of hematopoietic cancer, Jewish ethnicity, and cigarette smoking. Other indicators of childhood SES were not associated with young-adult Hodgkin's lymphoma. Among older adults ages 55 to 79 years, Hodgkin's lymphoma was associated with lower childhood SES but not with preschool attendance. CONCLUSIONS: Early exposure to other children at nursery school and day care seems to decrease the risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma in young adults, most likely by facilitating childhood exposure to common infections and promoting maturation of cellular immunity. This finding supports the delayed infection model of Hodgkin's lymphoma etiology in young adults while introducing a new major determinant of age at infection. Hodgkin's lymphoma seems to have a separate pathogenesis among older adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus--new findings in the experimental studies of duodenal reflux models].

Duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux has been thought to induce Barrett's esophagus. Recently, we designed a new duodenal reflux model using rats, and studied sequential morphological changes of esophageal mucosa leading to Barrett's esophagus. A specialized columnar epithelium (SCE) developed 20 weeks after operation. Barrett's epithelium originated from pyloric-foveolar metaplasia of stem cells in the basal layer of the esophageal squamous epithelium. The pyloric-foveolar metaplasia was then followed by the appearance of goblet cells, becoming a typical SCE. The expression of homeobox gene Cdx2 was seen in this process, thereby suggesting a role of Cdx2 in intestinal differentiation of Barrett's esophagus. We noticed the pyloric-foveolar metaplasia followed by the appearance of goblet cells is common to entire gut in regenerative process, and proposed a concept of GRCL (gut regenerative cell lineage), and an implication of GRCL in digestive tract carcinogenesis was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Breast cancer before age 45 and oral contraceptive use: new findings.

The relation between the risk of breast cancer before 45 years of age and oral contraceptive use was examined in a case-control study conducted in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Boston from 1983 to 1986 of 407 patients with breast cancer and 424 controls. With allowance for confounding, for ever use, the multivariate relative risk estimate was 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-2.9). For less than 10 years of use, the estimate approximated 2.0 in all categories of duration, including less than three months; for 10 or more years of use it was 4.1 (95% CI, 1.8-9.3). The association was apparent in virtually all subgroups examined, including younger and older women, and women at low and high underlying risk of breast cancer. Contrary to some previous reports, the association was not stronger for use before a first term pregnancy or at an early age. The results suggest that oral contraceptive users, particularly those with very long durations of use, may be at increased risk of breast cancer. However, information bias, particularly for short-term use, could not be ruled out. There may also have been selection bias if oral contraceptive users were under more intensive medical surveillance. It has not been possible to reconcile the findings of the various studies to date, including the authors' earlier results showing no association. The latter results were derived from data collected using methods almost identical to those used in the present study.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Demographic systems in historic China: some new findings from recent research.

"Up to the 1980s, studies of Chinese population history were largely confined to the examination of aggregate population figures collected at national or provincial levels. Since then, however, investigations into Chinese demographic history have entered a new stage.... This paper...provides new information on past mortality, fertility and marriage patterns. In the light of these findings, a number of widely held beliefs about the traditional Chinese demographic system are critically examined."

Asia↗
PubMed2001

[New findings on the role of leptins in regulation of the reproductive system in humans].

The reproductive activity is closely related to the nutritional status of the organism. A new hormone--leptin has been discovered a few years ago, which informs the brain about fat supplies in the body. Leptin participates in the regulation of the reproductive system at both, peripheral and central, levels. There are discussions about leptin as a possible trigger of puberty. The prepubertal leptin levels are low in both sexes; they increase with the onset of puberty. It has been suggested that leptin resistance might exist in the childhood, allowing the onset of the puberty only at the moment, when the adipose stores are adequate for the strongly demanding period of the adolescence. The role of leptin in pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is studied. The significance of leptin during pregnancy and after birth remains still unclear.

Body Weight↗