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PubMed1989

Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species in southeastern Nebraska.

Twenty-four species of Culicoides were collected between April and September of 1986 from Nemaha and Richardson counties of southeastern Nebraska using New Jersey light traps and tree hole sampling. Light trap samples were dominated by C. crepuscularis (42.4%), C. stellifer (29.6%), C. haematopotus (17.4%), C. variipennis (4.1%) and C. obsoletus (2.8%). Culicoides guttipennis and C. villosipennis were the most common of the 9 tree hole species collected. New state records for Nebraska were obtained for C. lahillei, C. riggsi, C. footei, C. paraensis, C. nanus, C. spinosus, C. biguttatus and C. piliferus.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Attitudes of nurse anesthetists regarding choice of residence and job satisfaction in Nebraska.

Nebraska CRNAs were surveyed to identify their attitudes regarding choice of residence and to rate their overall job satisfaction. In addition, the study determined differences in these attitudes, based on employment and whether they resided in a metropolitan or rural setting. Places of residence and employment in Nebraska were grouped according to population. Metropolitan areas consisted of Omaha/Douglas County and Lincoln whose populations were greater than 200,000. Moderately sized communities, where rural referral centers are located, were grouped together, and by default other communities were considered to be smaller rural communities. With a 76% response rate (n = 168), the survey demonstrated no significant difference among the four regional CRNA groups with regard to overall job satisfaction. There were however, areas of significant difference among the CRNA groups with regard to the components of job satisfaction; this was most apparent between the rural referral center and the Lincoln CRNA groups. The rural referral center CRNA group rated the following significantly higher from the Lincoln CRNA group: 1. Autonomy. 2. Experiencing positive CRNA/surgeon relationships. 3. The opportunity to improve professional skills. 4. The opportunity to meet professional goals. 5. The ability to practice anesthesia as trained. Conversely, the Lincoln CRNA group rated having "sufficient time away from work" higher than all other CRNA groups. All CRNA groups rated "quality of life" as the leading environmental reason for choosing their place of residence. In addition, the CRNA groups rated these reasons for choosing their communities: 1. Affordable housing. 2. Quality public schools. 3. A clean environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Breast cancer screening: recent trends in the use of mammography in Nebraska.

Although the efficacy of screening mammography has been surrounded in controversy of late, the evidence that it can reduce breast cancer mortality among women 50-74 years of age is extremely sound. In Nebraska, data from the state's Behavioral Risk Factor Survey show, that during the years 1988 to 1992, the percentage of women age 50 years and older who had ever had a mammogram rose from 50% to 65%, while the percentage of women of the same age who had had a mammogram within the past year rose from 24% to 34%. Nebraska BRFS data also show that the percentage of women 50 years of age and older who have had a mammogram within the past year varies considerably by age, income, education, and county of residence. Among women who have not had a mammogram within the past year, 66% reported that they had seen a physician within the past year for a routine check-up. Prompt and appropriate follow-up of abnormal findings by both physicians and health-care organizations is also essential to ensure the maximum benefit of screening mammography.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Breast cancer screening: recent trends in the use of mammography in Nebraska.

Although the efficacy of screening mammography has been surrounded in controversy of late, the evidence that it can reduce breast cancer mortality among women 50-74 years of age is extremely sound. In Nebraska, data from the state's Behavioral Risk Factor Survey show, that during the years 1988 to 1992, the percentage of women age 50 years and older who had ever had a mammogram rose from 50% to 65%, while the percentage of women of the same age who had had a mammogram within the past year rose from 24% to 34%. Nebraska BRFS data also show that the percentage of women 50 years of age and older who have had a mammogram within the past year varies considerably by age, income, education, and county of residence. Among women who have not had a mammogram within the past year, 66% reported that they had seen a physician within the past year for a routine check-up. Prompt and appropriate follow-up of abnormal findings by both physicians and health-care organizations is also essential to ensure the maximum benefit of screening mammography.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

New species of Gyrodactylus and Dactylogyrus (Trematoda: Monogenea) from fishes of Nebraska.

Six new monogenetic trematodes are described from Nebraska fishes: Gyrodactylus bulbacanthus sp. n. from Fundulus kansae (Garman); G. callawayensis sp. n. from Notropis lutrensis (Baird and Girard); G. eos sp. n. from Phoxinus eos (Cope); G. nebraskensis from Phoxinus neogaeus (Cope); G. planensis from Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz); and Dactylogyrus pectenatus from Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque). This is the second report of monogeneans from Nebraska fishes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Efforts to quit smoking among persons with a history of alcohol problems--Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska, 1995-1996.

In 1991, approximately 13.8 million adults in the United States met diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, or both. In addition, at least 80% of persons in this group were likely to be daily tobacco smokers and, therefore, at increased risk for oral and pharyngeal cancers. In Minnesota, among adult smokers with a history of alcohol abuse during 1972-1983, the number of tobacco-related deaths was higher than the number of alcohol-related deaths. To assess rates of smoking cessation among adults with a history of alcohol problems, the University of Nebraska Medical Center conducted an intervention study with 1 year of follow-up during 1995-1996 in 12 residential alcohol-treatment centers in Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska. This report summarizes the findings, which suggest that a substantial proportion of adults recently treated for alcoholism attempted to quit smoking, even though actual quit rates were low.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Performance on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Test Battery-Children's Revision: a comparison of children with and without significant WISC-R VIQ-PIQ discrepancies.

Fifty-six children, aged 8 to 13, were divided into three groups based on the degree and direction of their WISC-R VIQ-PIQ discrepancies. Group 1 was composed of 13 males and 6 females whose PIQ exceeded their VIQ by at least 12 points (V less than P); Group 2 was made up of 12 males and 6 females with VIQs that exceeded their PIQs by 12 or more points (P less than V); Group 3 was comprised of 9 males and 10 females whose V-P differences failed to exceed 8 points in either direction (P = V). The performance of these children on the 11 subscales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-Children's Revision was compared. Univariate F-tests revealed significant differences among the groups on the Receptive Speech, p less than .01, and Expressive Language subscales, p less than .001. Further analyses that utilized two-tailed t-tests found the V less than P group to perform significantly less well than the P = V group on the Receptive Speech and Expressive Language scales. The V less than P group was also significantly worse than the P less than V group on the Expressive Language scale. These results suggest a possible differential sensitivity of the children's Luria-Nebraska to verbal and nonverbal cognitive deficits.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1994

Mutation analysis for cystic fibrosis to determine carrier status in 167 sperm donors from the Nebraska Genetic Semen Bank.

Cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal recessive disorder in Caucasian populations, with an approximate frequency of 1/2500 live births and a carrier frequency of 1/25. Due to the high rate of predicted carriers (> 63,000) in the Nebraska population (1990 U.S. Census = 1,578,358), we analyzed sperm DNA obtained from semen donors at the University of Nebraska Genetic Semen Bank for eight of the more common mutations to determine the frequency and diversity in our population. The subjects included 167 semen donors (31 normal healthy donors, 56 infertility patients, 21 prevasectomy patients, and 59 prechemotherapy or preradiation cancer patients). The mutations analyzed included delta F508, R117H, G542X, S549R/N, G551D, R553X, R560T, and W1282X. Analyses were performed using PCR amplified products that were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, slot blot, and restriction endonuclease digestion. These results were correlated with results from the clinical semen analyses and selected clinical parameters. Results for the total donor population studied showed that the delta F508 mutation was present in 8/167 (4.8%) donors, the R117H mutation was present in 4/167 (2.4%) donors and the G542X mutation was present in 1/167 (0.6%) donors. The observed number of carriers from this population, 13/167 (7.8%), was significantly greater (P = 0.02) than that expected assuming a carrier frequency of 1/25. The excess of carriers was restricted to the subgroup of infertility patients. This suggests that CF carriers may be at higher risk for infertility than the general population.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1996

Relations of Fish Community Composition to Environmental Variables in Streams of Central Nebraska, USA

Nine sites on streams in the Platte River Basin in central Nebraska were sampled as part of the US Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program during 1993-1994. A combination of canonical correspondence analysis and an index of biotic integrity determined from fish community data produced complementary evaluations of water-quality conditions. Results of the canonical correspondence analysis were useful in showing which environmental variables were significant in differentiating fish communities at the nine sites. Five environmental variables were statistically significant in the analysis. Median specific conductance of water samples collected at a site accounted for the largest amount of variability in the species data. Although the percentage of the basin as cropland was not the first variable chosen in a forward selection process, it was the most strongly correlated with the first ordination axis. A rangeland-dominated site was distinguished from all others along that axis. Median orthophosphate concentration of samples collected in the year up to the time of fish sampling was most strongly correlated with the second ordination axis. The index of biotic integrity produced results that could be interpreted in terms of the relative water quality between sites. Sites draining nearly 100% cropland had the lowest scores for two individual metrics of the index of biotic integrity that were related to species tolerance. Effective monitoring of water quality could be achieved by coupling methods that address both the ecological components of fish communities and their statistical relationships to environmental factors.KEY WORDS: Canonical correspondence analysis; Fish communities; Environmental variables; Index of biotic integrity; National Water-Quality Assessment Program; Nebraska

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Alcoholism and brain damage: an investigation using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

Numerous neuropsychological tests have been used to assess the effects of chronic alcohol use on the brain. Recently, the introduction of the Standardized Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery has presented a fresh way of evaluating disorders due to brain dysfunction. The present paper is an investigation of deficits in alcoholics on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. It was found that alcoholics differed from age--and education--matched controls on six of the fourteen scales of the test: Visual, Receptive Language, Arithmetic, Memory, Intelligence, and the Pathognomonic scale. An investigation of the individual items which differentiated alcoholics and controls found evidence that the effects of alcoholism are primarily seen in the more complex association areas of the brain, consistent with the conclusions reached by Gudeman and his associates. The implication and limitations of the present results were also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The assessment of specific neuropsychological skills using scales derived from factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological battery.

The major scales of the Luria--Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery have been factor analyzed in a series of recent studies. These factors tend to be organized around one or two basic neuropsychological skills. The present study developed 30 scales of items loading heavily on those factors and determined performance norms on the scales on a group of 81 normal subjects. The Luria--Nebraska Battery was administered to eight groups of subjects with brain-damage localized to the frontal, sensorimotor, parietal-occipital or temporal areas of the right or left hemisphere. The performance of each of these groups on the 30 factor scales is described. The factor scales appear to facilitate assessment of specific skill deficits and appear potentially useful for both diagnosis and rehabilitation.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1982

Discrimination of schizophrenics with and without nervous system damage using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to 40 inpatient schizophrenics (17 nonbrain-damaged and 23 brain-damaged) at a state hospital. Results indicated that 109 individual items as well as all 14 summary scales were significantly different between groups. Findings were reviewed with regard to clinical effectiveness of brain damage detection with the Luria-Nebraska in these populations and to supporting the concept of neuropsychological deficit gradients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of age and education on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery performance of selected populations.

A number of studies have reported effects of age and education on neuropsychological test performance, finding these effects to different degrees on different tasks. The present study examines effects of age and education on Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery performance. Forty normal, 38 schizophrenic, and 38 nonpsychotic psychiatric subjects and 40 brain-damaged subjects in groups matched for age, education and sex were tested. Performance on each Luria-Nebraska scale was correlated with age and education in each diagnostic group and correlations were also calculated using scores adjusted for the age and education of individual subjects. Normal subjects showed significant education effects on all scales, with age-declines on "fluid" but not on "crystallized" functions. Schizophrenics showed education effects only on "crystallized" academic skills and showed age declines consistently on sensory functions. The brain-damaged and nonpsychotic psychiatric groups generally showed little age or education effect on test performance. The significance of these findings and methodological issues are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Schizophrenic subgroups with normal and abnormal cognitive functioning on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery.

A new set of decision rules for identification of brain dysfunction among schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorder patients were tested with the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. In a sample of 100 patients from these categories with normal neurological examination findings, three groups of patients were identified. These patients respectively were identified as cognitively normal, borderline, or abnormal. These groups were subjected to a series of multivariate and univariate analyses that showed them to be associated with significantly different profiles on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Different functional systems were postulated to account for the differences in impaired scores across normal, borderline, and abnormal cognitive functioning groups. Further research with external validation criteria was encouraged.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arising in nodular lymphocyte predominant hodgkin lymphoma. A report of 21 cases from the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group.

We sought to investigate the clinical characteristics and pathologic features and survival outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arising in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (NLPHL), since controversy regarding their prognosis exists in the literature. Twenty-one patients with DLBCL arising either concurrently with (n = 7) or subsequent to (n = 14) a diagnosis of NLPHL were identified in the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group Registry. The clinical and pathologic features of the cases were evaluated, and survival analysis was performed from the time of diagnosis of DLBCL. The median time to the development of DLBCL in those with prior NLPHL was only one year (range, 0.5-24 years). The median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis of DLBCL was 46 years (range, 18-72 years) and the male to female ratio was 17:4. Ten patients presented with nodal DLBCL only, six patients presented with both nodal and extranodal involvement, and five patients presented with only extranodal DLBCL. Eleven patients had limited stage (I/II) disease and 10 had advanced stage (III/IV) disease. The median overall survival (OS) and failure-free survival (FFS) of the entire group was 35 months and 11 months, respectively, and the predicted five-year OS and FFS was 31 and 18%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the survival outcomes between patients with DLBCL arising in NLPHL and age- and sex- matched patients with de novo DLBCL. In conclusion, our findings suggest that patients with DLBCL arising in NLPHL have a prognosis similar to those with de novo DLBCL and should be treated aggressively.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transdermal nicotine therapy and primary care. Importance of counseling, demographic, and participant selection factors on 1-year quit rates. The Nebraska Primary Practice Smoking Cessation Trial Group.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the smoking cessation efficacy of nicotine patch therapy as an adjunct to low-intensity, primary care intervention. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multisite trial. SETTINGS: Twenty-one primary care sites in Nebraska. PATIENTS: A total of 369 smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day. INTERVENTION: Two brief primary care visits for smoking intervention with 10 weeks of active or placebo-patch therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Confirmed self-reported abstinence 3, 6, and 12 months after the quit day. RESULTS: Compared with placebo control subjects, participants assigned nicotine patches had higher 3-month (23.4% vs 11.4%; P < .01) and 6-month (18.5% vs 10.3%; P < .05) abstinence rates. The 1-year abstinence rates for the active and placebo patch groups were 14.7% and 8.7%, respectively (P = .07). Of smokers aged 45 years and older, 9 (18.8%) of 48 using active patches compared with 0 of 31 using placebo patches achieved 12-month abstinence (chi 2 = 6.56; P < .05). Among those with high nicotine dependency scores (Fagerstrom score > or = 7), 1-year abstinence rates were significantly higher in the nicotine patch group (19.1%) compared with the placebo group (5.0%) (chi 2 = 10.7; P = .001). However, there was no significant difference in 1-year quit rates for participants with low Fagerstrom scores (< 7). CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine patch therapy enhanced 6 month quit rates as an adjunct to brief primary care intervention. The highest quit rates were achieved by participants who specifically contacted the site to enroll in the study or to obtain a prescription for nicotine patches. Differences in participant selection factors may account, in part, for the lower smoking cessation rates associated with primary care intervention. Duration of counseling, patient age, and Fagerstrom scores may be important factors related to the long-term smoking cessation success of nicotine patch therapy.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1999

Pediatric clerkship experience and performance in the Nebraska Education Consortium: a community vs university comparison.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the reported experiences and performance on end-of-course examinations of students completing their pediatric clerkship at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, with that of students completing their clerkship in a community pediatrician's practice (CPP) outside the Omaha metropolitan area. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Private and/or institutional practices with both ambulatory and hospital components. PARTICIPANTS: For the academic year 1996-1997, all 113 students completing the 8-week third-year pediatric clerkship returned a questionnaire detailing their opinions of the experience. They also completed written (multiple-choice and essay questions) and oral (standardized parent interview) examinations, locally prepared and based on clerkship curriculum objectives provided to the students at orientation. Prior to student placement in the CPP, the clerkship goals, content, and evaluation methods as well as techniques for teaching in a busy office practice were reviewed with the CPP physicians. Eighty-one students performed their clerkship at UNMC while 31 spent all but the first week of the clerkship in the CPP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The students' opinions about their experiences and their performances on the end-of-course examinations were compared. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire was done using the Fisher exact test and the Mantel-Haenszel chi2 test while examination performance was compared using the t test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: The UNMC and CPP groups reported similar opinions of their experiences in the newborn nursery and the inpatient portion of the clerkship, but the CPP students were much more positive about their learning experience in the clinic (P=.001). The CPP students reported more involvement in the patient's overall care (P<.001) and in other aspects of clinic operation (P<.001). The UNMC and CPP students had similar opinions of curriculum content, reading material, and didactic instruction. No group differences were found regarding interest in pediatrics as a career. Most importantly, no group differences were found in performance on any portion of the end-of-course examinations. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based education at the third-year clerkship level can be accomplished without a significant effect on student examination performance if students and faculty are aware of and adhere to a common set of goals. The end result is a much more robust experience for students who spend the clerkship in the practice of a community-based pediatrician.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1984

Are the rhythm tests of the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska batteries differentially sensitive to right temporal lobe lesions?

Contemporary manuals on neuropsychological assessment advocate the interpretation of deficits in rhythm test performance as related to right temporal lobe dysfunction. There have been very few empirical tests of this interpretation. Despite the fact that there are theoretical reasons to suspect that the right temporal lobe is involved in the processing of nonverbal auditory information, there are absolutely no concurrent validity data that support this hypothesized relationship for either of the rhythm tests of the Halstead-Reitan or Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Batteries. Therefore, clinicians are cautioned with regard to this popular interpretation of rhythm test performance deficits.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗