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Results for “National Health Service”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Interval cancers in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme.

The National Health Service (NHS) Breast Screening Programme defines objectives with acceptable and, where possible, achievable standards. This paper examines the problem of interval cancers. Slopes due to shrinkage of primary breast cancers in response to primary systemic therapy are used as surrogates for growth slopes. From the distribution of these slopes the proportion of tumours which might reach particular sizes in any time interval may be estimated. For specific differences in size between screen and clinical detection levels the number of interval cancers which could appear in 1, 2 and 3 years after screening is estimated. The justification for these predictions is evaluated. The literature in relation to growth is reviewed; we add three growth slopes from our own measurements. The range of volume doubling times and volume halving times is the same whereas the mean value derived from the literature is about 90 days in contrast to only 26 days for inferred growth rates. Because of the difficulties inherent in the measurement of growth, it is concluded that the literature defines the left half of a distribution; the right hand side is completed by shrinkage data. The observed rates for interval cancers from different sources vary widely; there is an underlying assumption that interval cancers are an index of failure. These calculations suggest that there is an irreducible minimum of interval cancers, which will depend upon the screening interval and the size at which tumours are detected. The interval cancers will contain more poorly differentiated tumours. The anticipated achievable standards appear to be over optimistic.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1978

Community medicine in the British National Health Service.

Reorganization of the British National Health Service in April 1974 brought about the creation of Community Medicine as a service specialty. Development of thinking on the type of role British community medicine should play is briefly described. The functions of the community medicine specialist at the different tiers of the health service are described in the context of the objectives of reorganization and the problems facing the specialty today are discussed.

Community Medicine↗
PubMed1976

Psychotherapy services outside the National Health Service.

With the help of an Upjohn Travelling Fellowship, I visited 15 units providing services for people under stress. There were nine residential units and six non-residential units, all were Christian charitable organisations and in all there was close co-operation with the medical profession.All these organisations accept referrals from general practitioners and deserve to be more widely known.

Charities↗