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PubMed2006

Effect of naproxen on gastric acid secretion and gastric pH.

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced inflammation in the stomach are unclear. AIMS: To determine if naproxen (Naprosyn, Roche, Nutley, NJ, USA) alters basal acid output, pentagastrin-stimulated maximal acid output, or fasting gastrin. METHODS: Basal acid output and maximal acid output gastric aspirations were performed pre-naproxen and 7 days post-naproxen 500 mg b.d. in 24 healthy subjects. Volume, pH and acid mEq were determined. Fasting gastrin was obtained. Comparisons were made using paired t-tests (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: Dosing with naproxen did not statistically decrease mean pH of the basal acid output gastric fluid (3.3 vs. 3.1; N.S.) or the pentagastrin-stimulated maximal acid output gastric fluid (2.7 vs. 2.6; N.S.). Basal acid output total volume was significantly decreased post-naproxen (84 vs. 61 mL/h; P = 0.01), with no change in maximal acid output total volume (196 vs. 188 mL/h; N.S.). Basal acid output mean gastric acidity was significantly increased post-naproxen (0.04 vs. 0.05 mEq/mL; P = 0.03), with no change in maximal acid output mean gastric acidity after naproxen (0.10 vs. 0.10; N.S.). Gastrin was not altered by dosing with naproxen. CONCLUSIONS: Naproxen does not influence total acid secreted but does decrease basal gastric fluid volume, thereby increasing basal gastric acid concentration. These observations define one mechanism by which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may induce gastric injury.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939)--an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor--has no clinically relevant interaction with naproxen.

AIMS: Rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939) is in advanced clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Frequent co-medications in the patient populations likely to receive rivaroxaban include NSAIDs. This randomized, two-way crossover study, with a naproxen run-in period, was performed to determine whether naproxen influences the tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban. METHODS: Eleven healthy, young males received naproxen 500 mg on two consecutive days, a single dose of rivaroxaban 15 mg, or both. RESULTS: Treatments were well tolerated: adverse events (eight in total), reported by three subjects, were mild and not drug related. Rivaroxaban inhibited Factor Xa activity by 35% and prolonged prothrombin time [by 1.4 times baseline (tb)], activated partial thromboplastin time (1.3 tb) and the HepTest (1.9 tb). Naproxen had no influence on these measures and the combination of rivaroxaban and naproxen did not affect platelet aggregation. Rivaroxaban and naproxen given together significantly increased bleeding time compared with rivaroxaban alone (P = 0.017). However, this difference was small compared with the effect of naproxen given alone, except in one subject. Least squares-means ratios for the AUC and C(max) of rivaroxaban after administration alone and with naproxen were 1.125 [90% confidence interval (CI) 0.995, 1.271] and 1.095 (90% CI 0.905, 1.325), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There appeared to be no clinically relevant interaction between rivaroxaban and naproxen in healthy subjects, although some individuals may be more sensitive to the combination. Large-scale Phase III clinical studies will be required to confirm whether there is an increased risk of bleeding during treatment with rivaroxaban and concomitant NSAIDs.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Naproxen-induced lichen planus: report of 55 cases.

BACKGROUND: Clinical and histopathological differential diagnosis is usually impossible in drug-induced lichen planus (LP) and idiopathic LP. Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which is widely used for its analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. To the best of our knowledge, two case reports on naproxen-induced LP have been reported. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with LP, and a history of naproxen intake before their eruption, were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (45.5%) had a history of naproxen intake prior to their eruption without any other medication. Twelve patients (21.8%) had a history of simultaneous use of naproxen with other drugs that were reported as inducers of LP. Eighteen patients (32.7%) had given a history of using naproxen together with drugs that had not been previously reported as inducers of LP. Moreover, in 42 patients, eruptive-type LP development after naproxen intake, is an interesting observation. New lesions were not observed after the cessation of naproxen intake in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: Naproxen might be accepted as an important inducer for LP, especially for the eruptive form.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of etoricoxib compared with naproxen in two, 138-week randomised studies of patients with osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of etoricoxib 60 mg once daily and naproxen 500 mg twice daily over a 138-week treatment period in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Two 1-year randomised, double blind, parallel group two-part base studies (part I 12 weeks; part II 40 weeks), followed by an 86-week extension, in patients with OA (hip or knee) were conducted at 80 clinical centres (19 countries). The studies had identical designs. Patients taking placebo in part I received etoricoxib or naproxen (1:1 ratio) in part II and the extension; patients taking etoricoxib or naproxen in part I continued to receive the same treatment throughout the entire length of the studies. Co-primary efficacy end points were patient global assessment of disease status, and WOMAC questionnaire pain subscale and physical function subscale (100 mm VAS). Efficacy over 138 weeks was assessed by graphical analysis. Safety was assessed by observation of adverse experiences and laboratory and physical evaluations. RESULTS: 997 patients entered (615 completed) the base studies. Of these patients, 463 patients entered the extensions. A total of 161 and 152 patients in the etoricoxib and naproxen groups, respectively, completed 138 treatment weeks. Etoricoxib and naproxen showed similar efficacy throughout the 138 weeks of treatment. For etoricoxib and naproxen, respectively, WOMAC pain assessments were 67 and 67 mm (baseline); 28 and 29 mm (1 year), and 34 and 33 mm (138 weeks). Results for the other efficacy end points were similar to those seen with the WOMAC pain assessments. Both etoricoxib and naproxen were generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Both etoricoxib and naproxen demonstrated long-term clinical efficacy for the treatment of OA. Etoricoxib and naproxen were generally well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A study of naproxen and ibuprofen in patients with osteoarthritis seen in general practice. The Manchester General Practitioner Group.

A total of 226 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip, knee or spine was entered into a general practice, multi-centre, crossover study of 500 mg naproxen twice daily and 400 mg ibuprofen 3-times daily. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either naproxen or ibuprofen first and were given each drug consecutively for 3 weeks with no washout periods. Both drugs significantly reduced from admission values the duration of inactivity stiffness, resting pain, movement pain, night pain, interference of the disease with daily activities and overall disease severity. Naproxen was superior to ibuprofen in relieving resting pain, movement pain, night pain and interference with daily activities. In the patients receiving ibuprofen first, all parameters showed a significant mean improvement after crossover to naproxen. Patients receiving naproxen first did not significantly improve further when crossed over to ibuprofen. Side-effects were reported by 64 patients. Forty-five patients had side-effects while taking naproxen and 30 while taking ibuprofen (11 patients had side-effects on both drugs). Most side-effects related to the gastro-intestinal tract. Many were mild and may not have been attributable to the treatment. One patient had a gastro-intestinal bleed while taking naproxen. Thirty-one patients (13.7%) failed to complete the study: 16 stopped while taking ibuprofen, and 15 while taking naproxen. Nine of these patients were lost for reasons not directly attributable to the treatment. Overall treatment preference significantly favoured naproxen.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

[Long-term therapy of progressive chronic polyarthritis with naproxen].

The efficacy of d-2-(6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propionic acid (naproxen) in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis as well as its good tolerance has been established in double-blind studies which have been conducted in 34 centers in the U.S.A. Since the value of a new antirheumatic drug can only be assessed after years of clinical experience, provision was made in the protocols of the double-blind studies that the patients completing the controlled studies could continue naproxen treatment. Our experience is based on 603 patients, of whom 337 came from controlled, and 266 from previous open studies. The longest treatment with naproxen lasted four years. 16% of the patients discontinued therapy because of a exacerbation of their symptoms, and 8% because of side-effects, the latter being described in detail. Follow-up examinations of the patients were performed 4841 times at bi-monthly intervals. The statistical analysis of the objective disease symptoms showed a significant decrease of the rheumatic manifestations. In order to exclude the possibility of a long-term placebo effect, and as a proof of continuing efficacy, 73 patients received double-blind placebo instead of naproxen (placebo pulse) for two weeks, whereas the others continued on naproxen. Statistical analysis of the objective symptoms during the two treatment phases of the study showed naproxen significantly superior to placebo in all disease manifestations. Symptoms of those patients receiving placebo aggravated rapidly. They improved again after naproxen was resumed. The situation was reverse in those patients who received placebo during the second phase of the study. Side-effects were observed 13 times under placebo, but only two times under naproxen. The integration of a 2-week-placebo-pulse during long-term naproxen therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a sensitive method to prove the continuing therapeutic efficacy of this drug.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1993

The effects of cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of naproxen and its metabolites in humans.

We studied the effects of cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine on the kinetics of naproxen. The mean t1/2 beta of naproxen in 6 subjects was 25.7 +/- 5.4 h (range 16 to 36). Naproxen acyl glucuronide accounts for 50.9 +/- 6.9% of the dose, its isomerized isoglucuronide for 6.8 +/- 2.6%, O-desmethylnaproxen acyl glucuronide for 14.3 +/- 4.1% and its isoglucuronide for 5.5 +/- 1.5% (n = 6). Naproxen (1.3 +/- 1.1%) and O-desmethylnaproxen (0.6 +/- 0.4%) are excreted in negligible amounts. Cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine all reduced significantly the t1/2 beta of naproxen by 50% from 25 h to 13 h and the t1/2 alpha from 4.0 h to 1.1 h. No effect of the H2 antagonists was observed on the absorption of naproxen. They also reduced the Vss of naproxen by 50%. The amount of naproxen acyl glucuronide, naproxen isoglucuronide and O-desmethylnaproxen acyl glucuronide excreted in the urine, remained unchanged, 60%, 7%, and 14% respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Naproxen concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid and effects on prostanoid concentrations.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that unbound concentrations of naproxen in synovial fluid (SF) and plasma (P) are equal over a drug dosage interval at steady state or after a single dose of drug. The relationship between plasma and SF concentrations of naproxen, respectively, and prostaglandin concentrations were also examined. METHODS: Paired, sequential, total, and unbound naproxen concentrations were determined in plasma and SF in 2 groups of 6 patients. A single dose group was given naproxen 500 mg. The chronic dose group was given 500 mg bd for 7 days before collection of blood and SF samples. The effect of naproxen on prostanoid production by clotting whole blood (thromboxane B2, TXB2) and in SF (PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) was determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Average area under the curve (AUC) of unbound (U) naproxen concentrations against time in plasma and SF were the same over a dosage interval at steady state (ratio AUCU,SF/AUCU,P, 1.12 +/- 0.18; p = 0.108), but not after a single acute dose (AUCU,SF/AUCU,P, 1.34 +/- 0.32; p = 0.044). Data from the single dose study revealed that the mean (+/- SD) of the concentrations required for 50% inhibition (EC50) of platelet derived TXB2 by total naproxen was 7.7 +/- 4.4 micrograms/ml (n = 5) and for unbound drug 25.4 +/- 22.0 ng/ml (n = 5). SF prostanoid concentrations after both acute and chronic dosing were low, as expected, but temporal and dose relationships of prostanoid concentrations with SF naproxen could not be discerned. However, this may reflect study design. CONCLUSIONS: The AUC of unbound naproxen in SF and plasma were similar at steady state. Plasma concentrations correlated with inhibition of TXB2 generation by platelets. There was sustained depression of PG concentrations in SF beyond the time suggested by plasma drug concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Lower risk of thromboembolic cardiovascular events with naproxen among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND: Naproxen strongly inhibits platelet aggregation. OBJECTIVE: To examine the risk of acute thromboembolic cardiovascular events (TCEs) (myocardial infarction, sudden death, and stroke) with current naproxen use among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: We studied patients aged 40 to 79 years with rheumatoid arthritis in the British General Practice Research Database, excluding those with a prior TCE and potentially confounding conditions. We matched up to 4 controls by sex, age, and site of medical practice to cases with first incident TCEs. The case diagnosis date was designated as the index date for each case and his or her controls. We categorized naproxen according to the most recent prescription prior to the index date as being current (< or =30 days), past (> 30 days but < 365 days), or none (> or =365 days before index date). Using conditional logistic regression, we conducted a matched case-control analysis with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: We identified 809 cases. Current naproxen use was more common among controls (5.7%) than cases (3.2%). Adjusting for calendar year of treatment start, systemic corticosteroid use, diabetes, and comorbidity, we found that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for current naproxen use was 0.61 (0.39-0.94) while that for past use was 0.87 (0.65-1.16). Secondary and sensitivity analyses supported these results. CONCLUSIONS: In this case-control study, patients with rheumatoid arthritis and a current prescription for naproxen had a reduced risk of acute major TCEs relative to those with no naproxen prescription in the past year. These results are consistent with the ability of naproxen to inhibit platelet aggregation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics of naproxen, its metabolite O-desmethylnaproxen, and their acyl glucuronides in humans.

The aim of this investigation was to assess the pharmacokinetics of naproxen in 10 human subjects after an oral dose of 500 mg using a direct HPLC analysis of the acyl glucuronide conjugates of naproxen and its metabolite O-desmethylnaproxen. The mean t1/2 of naproxen in 9 subjects was 24.7 +/- 6.4 h (range 16 to 36 h). The t1/2 of 7.4 as found in subject number 10 must, therefore, be regarded as an extraordinary case (p < 0.0153). Naproxen acyl glucuronide accounts for 50.8 +/- 7.32 per cent of the dose, its isomerized conjugate isoglucuronide for 6.5 +/- 2.0 per cent, O-desmethylnaproxen acyl glucuronide for 14.3 +/- 3.4 per cent, and its isoglucuronide for 5.5 +/- 1.3 per cent (n = 10; 100 h collection period). Naproxen and O-desmethylnaproxen are excreted in negligible amounts (< 1 per cent). Even though urine pH of the subjects was kept acid (range pH 5.0-5.5) in order to stabilize the acyl glucuronides, isomerization takes place in blood when the acyl glucuronide is released from the liver for excretion by the kidney. Binding to plasma proteins was measured as 98 per cent and 100 per cent, respectively for the unconjugated compounds naproxen and O-desmethylnaproxen. Binding of the acyl glucuronides was less, being 92 per cent; for naproxen acyl glucuronide, 66 per cent for naproxen isoglucuronide, 72 per cent for O-desmethylnaproxen acyl glucuronide and 42 per cent for O-desmethylnaproxen isoglucuronide.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Naproxen and aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis: a multicenter double-blind crossover comparison study.

One hundred nineteen adults with active definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were studied in a multicenter double-blind crossover study of naproxen (500 mg/day) and aspirin (3.6 Gm/day). Each drug was given in sequence for a six-week study period. Patients already receiving corticosteriod and/or gold therapy were maintained at constant dose throughout the study, but analgesics and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents were discontinued at baseline. Objective and subjective evaluations by both investigator and patient were carried out at two-week intervals. No significant difference in global evaluation of efficacy or individual measures of efficacy was observed between aspirin and naproxen therapy, although physicians' global evaluation tended to favor naproxen. Sedimentation rate was lower on aspirin (naproxen 43.1 mm/hr; aspirin 38.7 mm/hr; P=0.02). Naproxen, 250 mg twice daily, was significantly better tolerated than aspirin, 900 mg four times daily. Mild, moderate, and severe side effects were less frequent with naproxen. The incidence of heartburn was significantly lower on naproxen, and significantly fewer patients terminated their six-week study period on naproxen than on aspirin. There were no significant deviations from baseline values in hematocrit, white cell or differential counts, or in tests of renal and hepatic function during the course of the study.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1975

Ankylosing spondylitis: open long-term and double-blind crossover studies with naproxen.

Participation in open and double-blind crossover studies in rheumatoid arthritis confirmed that naproxen improved pain and stiffness. This observation suggested that naproxen might be effective in ankylosing spondylitis. The initial trial was open, but at six months, a double-blind crossover "placebo pulse" was superimposed on the open trial. Thirty-six patients entered the trial taking a daily dose of 500 mg naproxen. At the end of the first month, 35 assessed naproxen as being equally effective to, or better than, previous therapy. The first ten patients to complete six months on naproxen took part in a placebo pulse study comprising two consecutive four-week periods, in one of which each patient took 500 mg naproxen, in the other, identical placebo capsules, the order being randomized. Eight patients correctly identified the placebo capsules (P=0.02). During the 16 months of trial, six patients have withdrawn, two being in remission and four for lack of efficacy. The remaining 30 patients have completed six months and 22 have completed at least 12 months on naproxen. At the end of six months pain was less (P=0.02), morning stiffness had decreased (P less than 0.01), and immobility stiffness had improved (P less than 0.01). These patients are impressed by the improvement in pain and stiffness and have little disability. All continue full-time employment and have been able to increase their leisure activities without discomfort. No persistent side effects were observed, and naproxen appears to be a useful drug in the treatment of anklyosing spondylitis.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1987

A multiple-dose pharmacokinetic comparison of naproxen as a once-daily controlled-release tablet and a twice-daily conventional tablet.

The bioequivalence and absorption kinetics of naproxen in a new controlled-release tablet (750 mg or 1,000 mg naproxen) administered once daily were determined relative to an equivalent dose of the conventional naproxen tablet (375 mg or 500 mg naproxen) administered q12h. Naproxen was well absorbed from the controlled-release tablet (about 90%) compared with the conventional tablet. Absorption was dependent on drug release from the tablet matrix. The mean absorption time of naproxen averaged 8.4 hours for the 750-mg controlled-release tablet and 9.2 hours for the 1,000-mg controlled-release tablet. Once-daily administration of the controlled-release tablet resulted in equivalent trough concentrations of naproxen, and steady-state plasma concentrations were maintained within narrower limits than with twice-daily naproxen.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of naproxen on cancellous bone in ovariectomized rats.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affect bone metabolism in vitro and in vivo. They delay but do not alter the outcome of healing processes in bone. In some bone loss models, they block bone resorption and slow the rate of loss. We studied the effect of naproxen, a potent NSAID, on cancellous bone of the proximal tibial metaphysis of 6-month-old adult female ovariectomized rats. Animals were ovariectomized, divided into groups, and fed standard diets differing only in naproxen content for 42 days. The rats of the groups ate 2.0, 5.5, 12.7, and 32 mg naproxen per kg body weight per day, respectively. Serum levels of naproxen were determined. Bone volume, mineralizing surface, osteoblast activity, osteoclast surface, and bone resorption rate were determined by bone histomorphometric techniques. The rats' dose-related serum naproxen levels ranged from 4 to 28 micrograms/ml. Naproxen inhibited up to 70% of the bone loss occurring after ovariectomy at a serum level of 4 micrograms/ml. We deduced that naproxen blocked bone resorption in ovariectomized rats by slowing osteoclast activity at all doses. In contrast, naproxen slowed bone formation only at serum levels greater than 20 micrograms/ml in ovariectomized rats. These findings may have clinical relevance in helping to prevent postmenopausal bone loss in women.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of naproxen on fever in patients with advanced gynecologic malignancies.

The antipyretic action of naproxen has been reported as sufficiently selective for neoplasm-related fever such that the use of this agent has been recommended to distinguish neoplastic from infectious fever. The antipyretic effect of naproxen was evaluated in gynecologic oncology patients with advanced pelvic malignancies and fever without obvious source of infection (suspected neoplastic fever). Naproxen (250 mg orally every 8 hr) was given to 12 patients with (i) a daily temperature greater than 38.3 degrees C, (ii) fever for at least 3 days, (iii) no evidence of infection on physical exam, (iv) negative results of blood and urine cultures, and (v) a chest roentgenogram negative for pneumonia. Ten of the 12 patients initially received a minimum of 3 days of empiric antibiotic therapy without resolution of fever. Within 24 hr of starting naproxen therapy, 10 patients' (83%) fever responded: Eight patients (80%) had a complete lysis of fever and two had partial lysis (20%). Temperature response was accompanied by subjective improvement in patient malaise and fatigue. Naproxen therapy was continued for 5-7 days in these patients, and chemotherapy was administered to those patients scheduled to receive it. Two patients did not respond to naproxen therapy in 24 hr; thus, it was stopped and the fever workup was continued. Of these two patients, one was eventually diagnosed with bacteremia after multiple negative blood cultures and initially no response to antibiotics. Naproxen is clinically useful in the palliation of fever-related symptoms in gynecologic oncology patients with suspected neoplastic fever. Naproxen may also allow the limitation of extensive fever workups and prolonged empiric antibiotic therapy in these patients, and prevent delays in systemic therapy or supportive care.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of a combination of oral naproxen sodium and codeine on experimentally induced pain.

The effect of an orally administered combination of naproxen sodium 550 mg and codeine phosphate 60 mg on threshold and tolerance to electrically induced pain, and on the threshold to thermally induced pain, was compared with the effects of naproxen sodium 550 mg alone, codeine phosphate 60 mg alone, and placebo. 16 female and 16 male, healthy young subjects, took part in four experiments on consecutive days of one week. On each day one treatment was administered, in random order, under double blind conditions. The combination increased threshold and tolerance to electrically induced pain and the threshold thermally induced pain markedly more than did naproxen sodium alone. Naproxen sodium plus codeine was also more effective in increasing threshold and tolerance to electrically induced pain than was codeine alone; the latter increased the threshold and tolerance to electrically induced pain and the threshold to thermally induced pain markedly more than placebo. Naproxen sodium alone had a relatively weak effect on the three pain measures. Reaction time to acoustic stimuli and the side effect profile were not significantly influenced by any of the treatments, and no severe adverse effects occurred. It is concluded that the combination of naproxen sodium 550 mg and codeine phosphate 60 mg, as indicated by its effects on experimentally induced pain, can produce more intense analgesia than the same doses of naproxen sodium and codeine administered alone, and that naproxen sodium and codeine phosphate given in combination enhanced each other's effect in an additive manner.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Naproxen premedication reduces postoperative tubal ligation pain.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of naproxen sodium oral premedication in reducing postoperative pain, analgesic requirements and day surgery length of stay in patients undergoing outpatient laparoscopic tubal ligations. We undertook a randomized, double-blind clinical trial on ASA I and ASA II patients undergoing outpatient laparoscopic tubal ligations. The treatment group received two capsules containing naproxen sodium, 275 mg each, and the control group received two identical capsules containing placebo. Postoperative visual analogue pain scores, analgesic requirements, side-effects and length of day surgery stay were studied. Forty-four patients completed the study with 21 patients in the naproxen group and 23 in the placebo group. There was a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of pain score (naproxen group 0.9 +/- 0.2 vs placebo group 3.5 +/- 0.6); patients requiring postoperative opioids (naproxen group 0% vs placebo group 34.8%); and time spent in the day surgery unit (naproxen group 168 +/- 13 min vs placebo group 188 +/- 15 min). There was no difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting. Only one person developed a side-effect from the naproxen sodium which was minor gastric discomfort. This study shows that naproxen decreased the postoperative tubal ligation pain with less subsequent postoperative analgesic requirements, less time to street fitness and no increase in analgesic side-effects. We recommend the use of this premedication in outpatient laparoscopic tubal ligations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes during naproxen metabolism.

Naproxen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is known to be highly effective and relatively safe, but some side-effects in the liver have been reported. In the present study, the effect of naproxen metabolism on rat liver microsomes was studied by determining lipid peroxidation in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), high molecular weight protein aggregates and fluorescent substances formed in the microsomal suspension containing naproxen, NADPH and MgCl2. Lipid peroxidation was found to occur at 10 mM naproxen. Production of chemiluminescence from the microsomal suspension was observed during naproxen metabolism. The time course of 6-demethyl-naproxen formation by O-demethylation of naproxen appeared to be comparable to that of the chemiluminescence production in their initial periods of production. These results suggest that the lipid peroxidation was provoked through the reactive oxygen species generated during the oxidative metabolism of naproxen.

Animals↗