Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Museums”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

The art of observation: impact of a family medicine and art museum partnership on student education.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Compared to verbal communication, teaching the skill of observation is often shortchanged in medical education. Through a family medicine-art museum collaboration, we developed an elective course for second-year medical students titled the "Art of Observation" (AOO). To evaluate the course's effect on clinical skills, we performed a qualitative evaluation of former students during their clinical rotations. METHODS: In the spring of 2005, all students who had completed the AOO course in 2003 or 2004 were invited to take part in an online evaluation consisting of eight journaling survey questions. Students were instructed to answer the survey questions with specific examples. Question areas included the most memorable experience, the course's influence on the doctor-patient relationship, usefulness during clinical years of medical school, and skills unique to AOO. The anonymous data were analyzed qualitatively, coding the responses to categories derived from the data, leading to the formation of themes. RESULTS: Of the 19 students eligible, 17 participated. We found three important themes: (1) the AOO positively influenced clinical skills, (2) both art museum exercises and a clinical preceptorship were necessary to achieve those skills, and (3) the AOO led to a sense of personal development as a physician. In addition, students told us that the training in observation and description skills they learned were unique to the AOO. CONCLUSIONS: This collaboration between a department of family medicine and an art museum produced a course that facilitated observational skills used in successful doctor-patient relationships.

Art↗
PubMed1989

Current status of the Caribbean Primate Research Center Museum.

The history of the Caribbean Primate Research Center Museum, including the Cayo Santiago Skeletal Collection, is briefly reviewed. Since 1971 skeletons of free-ranging rhesus monkeys from Cayo Santiago have been systematically collected for osteological research. Since 1981 the skeletons from the six species of New and Old World monkeys maintained at Sabana Seca have also been collected. The CPRC Museum was established the following year to house this comparative skeletal collection, as well as alcohol-stored tissue specimens and a library. The current status of the collection, including numbers and types of specimens, and use policies, are presented to give an overview of the research potential of the Museum for biological, anthropological, pathological, and biomedical research.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1993

Documentation at the British Dental Association Museum.

This paper describes the state of documentation at the BDA Museum in 1987, when the author was appointed Museum Officer. It analyzes in some detail the approach taken in devising a new documentation system and the reasons for doing so; and describes the current documentation system used in the museum.

Documentation↗
PubMed1993

Respiratory exposure of museum personnel to dichlorvos insecticide.

Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphate insecticide used to protect museum specimens from insect pests. Respiratory exposure of museum personnel to DDVP has not been studied previously. Analysis of air samples from museum rooms where DDVP was being used when the ventilation system was "on" showed a lower and significantly different (p = 0.025) amount of DDVP when compared to air samples collected from the same rooms when the ventilation system was "off". The DDVP concentrations of all samples collected were below the threshold limit value established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

Air↗
PubMed1995

[Planning of a museum of medical history--thoughts about why and how].

Plans are being made for a new, national museum of medical history. The need for a central institution to take care of the dimension of time in the development of medical and health science has become more and more obvious in recent years. A new museum should meet the visitors by means of modern exhibition and teaching techniques, but should also serve as a center of competence for historical research on health-related topics. The building of a new University Hospital in Oslo has opened up possibilities of converting one of the old buildings into a museum.

History of Medicine↗
PubMed2006

Tropical forests are both evolutionary cradles and museums of leaf beetle diversity.

The high extant species diversity of tropical lineages of organisms is usually portrayed as a relatively recent and rapid development or as a consequence of the gradual accumulation or preservation of species over time. These explanations have led to alternative views of tropical forests as evolutionary "cradles" or "museums" of diversity, depending on the organisms under study. However, biogeographic and fossil evidence implies that the evolutionary histories of diversification among tropical organisms may be expected to exhibit characteristics of both cradle and museum models. This possibility has not been explored in detail for any group of terrestrial tropical organisms. From an extensively sampled molecular phylogeny of herbivorous Neotropical leaf beetles in the genus Cephaloleia, we present evidence for (i) comparatively ancient Paleocene-Eocene adaptive radiation associated with global warming and Cenozoic maximum global temperatures, (ii) moderately ancient lineage-specific diversification coincident with the Oligocene adaptive radiation of Cephaloleia host plants in the genus Heliconia, and (iii) relatively recent Miocene-Pliocene diversification coincident with the collision of the Panama arc with South America and subsequent bridging of the Isthmus of Panama. These results demonstrate that, for Cephaloleia and perhaps other lineages of organisms, tropical forests are at the same time both evolutionary cradles and museums of diversity.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Airborne particles in the Miyagi Museum of Art in Sendai, Japan, studied by electron probe X-ray microanalysis and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis.

The presented work provides baseline data on the existing airborne conditions in the Miyagi Museum of Art in Sendai, Japan, during the summer of 2000. The chemical composition, size and indoor and outdoor origin of the suspended particulate matter were identified using a number of advanced X-ray techniques, such as Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis (EPXMA) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (EDXRF). Our results, to the best of our knowledge, represent the first detailed study of the chemical nature of the indoor particulate matter in a Japanese museum and, as such, may contribute to future improvements of the air quality inside museums and to the lasting conservation of works of art.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

[Screening of plasmids in museum strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from various natural foci].

92 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from different natural foci and stored for 3-40 years in the museum of live cultures have been studied. The strains having three typical plasmids, their different combinations, plasmidless strains or the strains carrying nontypical plasmids with the molecular masses 9, 15, 55, 80, 90 and 150 Md were found. The old museum strains are proposed to be used as a source of plasmids for the genetical research. The current control of plasmid contents in the museum strains is suggested by the plasmid changes in course of storage.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed1981

Frequency of orcein positive HBsAg in liver specimens obtained from medical college museums, medicolegal autopsies and wedge biopsies.

85 liver samples were stained with H & E and orcein. Of these 40 were from medicolegal autopsies, 30 from preserved specimens of medical college museums and 15 wedge biopsies. Three of the five cirrhotic museum specimens showed HBsAg by orcein. The remaining cases including three cirrhosis and two HCC were negative for HBsAg. HBsAg was found to be more frequently associated with cirrhosis. The autopsy samples were histologically normal and HBsAg was not seen. Old museum specimens did not loose their orcein positivity despite preservation in formalin for a long time.

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens↗
PubMed2026

Museum specimens reveal the genomic consequences of long-term population decline in an insect pollinator.

Global insect pollinator populations are under threat, with reported declines attributed to increasing habitat loss, pesticide use, and disease. Tracking how genetic diversity has changed over time could reveal the rate and extent of these declines, and the adaptive capacity of affected species-providing an important complement to habitat-based conservation efforts. However, few studies have been able to reconstruct suitable historical baselines to link genomic changes with population change. Here, we use whole genome data from 101 museum specimens of the declining moss carder bumblebee (Bombus muscorum) collected across Britain and Ireland between 1894 and 2019 to reveal a dramatic drop in genetic diversity over the last century. We find a substantial (∼24.6%) reduction in genome-wide heterozygosity across Britain during this period. In England and Wales, where habitat fragmentation is most pronounced, we observe a 2.86-fold increase in runs of homozygosity, commensurate with population fragmentation and isolation. Our results reveal the extent to which human-induced environmental change can lead to severe decadal-scale genomic erosion in a functionally important insect. Identified using DNA from historic museum collections, our approach has widespread applicability for insect conservation and understanding the evolutionary consequences of environmental change.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The structure of anchovy outer retinae (Engraulididae, Clupeiformes) - a comparative light- and electron-microscopic study using museum-stored material.

The outer retinal architecture of Engraulididae is uncommon among vertebrates. In some anchovies, e.g., Anchoa, two cone types are arranged alternating in long photoreceptor chains, i.e., polycones. The cones have radially oriented outer segment lamellae in close contact with a complex guanine tapetum, most probably subserving polarization contrast vision. To clarify the distribution of the aberrant polycone architecture within the Engraulididae and to provide indications about polycone evolution, the outer retina morphology of 16 clupeoid species was investigated by light and electron microscopy, predominantly using museum-stored material. The outgroup representatives of four clupeid subfamilies (Clupeonella cultriventris, Dorosoma cepedianum, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Pellonula leonensis) show a row pattern of double cones, partially with single cones at defined positions and a pigment epithelium with lobopodial protrusions containing melanin. The pristigasterid Ilisha africana has double rows of single cones lying between linear curtains of pigment epithelium processes filled with minute crystallites and melanin concentrated near their vitreal tips. Within the Engraulididae, two main architectures are found: Coilia nasus and Thryssa setirostris have linear multiple cones or polycones separated by long pigment epithelium barriers containing tapetal crystallites and melanin in the tips (also found in Setipinna taty), whereas Anchoviella alleni, Encrasicholina heteroloba, Engraulis encrasicolus, Engraulis mordax, Lycengraulis batesii, and Stolephorus indicus exhibit the typical polycone architecture. Cetengraulis mysticetus and Lycothrissa crocodilus show cone patterns and pigment epithelium morphology differing from the other anchovy species. The sets of characters are compared, corroborated with the previous knowledge on clupeoid retinae and discussed in terms of functional morphology and visual ecology. A scenario on polycone evolution is developed that may serve as an aid for the reconstruction of engraulidid phylogeny. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the suitability of museum material for morphological studies, even at the electron microscopic level.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of DNA from natural history museum collections.

Genetic data derived from museum collections have an important role in systematics, conservation biology, ecology and medicine. Technical advances in molecular biology are increasing the range of material in collections amenable to such analysis. While the very diversity of natural history collections sometimes makes generalisations difficult, classes of extraction procedures and precautions against contamination can be described. Destructive sampling of specimens for genetic studies raises a number of institutional issues, such as granting of permission to use particular specimens and the return of DNA to the museum housing the specimens. Molecular biology is seen as further enhancing the value of collections.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Re-colorization of museum specimens: a modification of Romhanyi's technique based on pyridine/nicotine hemochromogen reactions.

Romhanyi's technique for preservation and restoration of color in museum specimens is almost unknown outside Hungary. The technique was based on the use of pyridine, nicotine and sodium dithionite (sodium hydrosulphite) for restoring the natural red color of formalin-fixed gross specimens. We developed a modification of the original technique using a mounting medium containing citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) buffer and glycerin to control pH and osmolality. Specimens re-colorized with the modified and improved Romhanyi technique remained stable with a natural red color, and no histological deterioration, for more than 18 years. The technique demonstrates the formation of red colored complexes between nicotine and pyridine and ferro-hemochromes such as hemoglobin, myoglobin and other cytochromes in tissues, giving specimens a natural color. The modified technique enables further improvement for the old process of re-colorization of museum specimens. In addition, it opens up new methods for demonstration of nicotine, pyridine and their analogues in biological tissues.

Color↗
PubMed2005

Indoor air quality at Salarjung Museum, Hyderabad, India.

Deterioration of art objects at Salarjung Museum has been noticed such as blackening of white and pink pigments of Indian miniature paintings and other objects like pigments, paints, varnishes, coatings, silver ware, zari works, textiles, which are displayed in museum galleries. The cause of deterioration of the artifacts is attributed to air pollution. The outdoor air pollution levels with respect to suspended particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, ammonia, aldehydes and oxidants are observed to be high when compared with background environment and ambient air quality standards for sensitive areas. The indoor air quality levels in terms of various parameters including temperature and relative humidity (RH) observed to be more than the threshold limits. The climatic conditions coupled with polluted indoor air are the main causes for the deterioration of art objects. Hence remedial measures are suggested to avoid further deterioration of objects.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2001

Effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields on expression of lymphocyte subsets and production of cytokines of men and women employed in a museum.

The objective of this study was to analyse the immune response to electromagnetic fields (ELMFs) in seven men and eight women employed in a museum. The workers were exposed in a room to an ELMFs (range 0.2-3.6 microT and 40-120 V/m) induced by 50 Hz electricity for 20 h a week. Control groups consisted of 47 women and 39 men with a similar percentage of atopic subjects, age (range 30-51 years) and smoking habits of the workers included in the study. Levels of blood lead (Pb) and urinary trans-trans muconic acid, a metabolite of benzene (markers of exposure to traffic and smoking) of the control and exposed groups were similar. Lymphocyte subsets were determined in men and women using conjugated antibodies. Serum interleukin (IL) 4 and interferon gamma and their 'in vitro' production by peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBCs) stimulated by phytohemoglutinin (PHA), as well as blastogenesis of PMBCs induced by PHA, were determined in women only. ELMF-exposed women showed a significant reduction in the percentage of B and NK CD3(-)-CD25+ lymphocytes and a slight reduction of CD16(+)-56+ NK lymphocytes. They also showed significantly lower levels of interferon gamma in serum, or produced in the supernatants by PMBCs both spontaneously and stimulated by PHA, while they did not show significant changes in serum and 'in vitro' produced IL-4, or in blastogenesis of PMBCs. Men working in the museum showed, in relation to the controls, a statistically significant reduction in both number and percentage of CD16(+)- CD56+ and CD3(-)-CD25+ lymphocyte subsets. On the whole, this investigation demonstrates a reduction of blood NK lymphocytes and of the production of interferon gamma in workers exposed to low frequency ELMFs. Recent studies have shown that stress and poor lifestyle induce the reduction of blood cytotoxic activities possibly acting on nervous functions. This may suggest that ELMFs reduces blood NK lymphocytes by combined effects on the immune and nervous systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Indoor air quality at the Correr Museum, Venice, Italy.

Two multidisciplinary field surveys, one in winter and the other in summer have monitored the indoor microclimate, air pollution, deposition and origin of the suspended particulate matter and microorganisms of the Correr Museum, Venice. In addition, this study was focused to identify the problems caused by the heating and air conditioning system (HAC) and the effects due to the presence of carpets. Heating and air conditioning systems (HACs), when chiefly designed for human welfare, are not suitable for conservation and can cause dangerous temperature and humidity fluctuations. Improvements at the Correr Museum have been achieved with the assistance of environmental monitoring. The carpet has a negative influence as it retains particles and bacteria which are resuspended each time people walk on it. The indoor/outdoor pollutants ratio is greater in the summertime, when doors and windows are more frequently open to allow for better ventilation, illustrating that this ratio is mainly governed by the free exchange of the air masses. The chemical composition, size and origin of the suspended particulate matter have been identified, as well as the bacteria potentially dangerous to the paintings. Some general suggestions for improving indoor air quality are reported in the conclusions.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2003

Bird skins in museum collections: are they suitable as indicators of environmental metal load after conservation procedures?

To find out whether modern conservation treatments alter the level of metals in feathers, we analysed the content of 10 metals in feathers before and after skins were washed with detergent and treated with Eulan U-33 (a commonly used preservative at museums). Feathers of 31 birds of Goshawk Accipiter gentilis, Eagle Owl Bubo bubo. Feral Pigeon Columba livia domest, and Common Eider Somateria mollissima were analysed. We found that in most cases metals were partly washed out of the feathers, but the effects were related to species and type of feather. The value of bird skins as indicators of environmental metal load is therefore affected by this treatment. It is recommended that the conservation techniques used at museums should be reconsidered if skins are intended for specimen banking for future reference in environmental monitoring schemes and research.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Objects relating to the Danish Ophthalmological Society at the Medical History Museum.

Some of the objects from the Medical History Museum, University of Copenhagen, concerned with the century-old Danish Ophthalmological Society are mentioned, together with some objects concerned with our predecessors. Jannik Bjerrum's campimeter at 1-2 m-distance reveals glaucomatous arcuate scotoma. [figure: see text] Marius Tscherning's many scientific papers and his ophthalmophacometer (also measuring accommodation), abberoscope, adaptoscope, colour vision, punctual meniscen spectacle glasses etc. are housed in the Museum. K.K.K. Lundsgaard's spectacle collection and cataract paper, Gordon Norrie's colour vision lantern and his personal pince-nez are described. Gustav Østerberg's contact lens practice and his pictorial visual chart, Jørn Boberg-Ans' pioneer artificial lens surgery dating from 1958, are all examples of the work of members of the Society. From our predecessors, we refer to the first cataract extraction in Denmark in 1670 (F. Borri on a goose); Georg Heuermann's on humans dating from 1755 and the reintroduction of the operation in 1810 by C.C. Withusen, V. Krenchel's (1844-1885) ophthalmoscope with a movable mirror and his colour vision lantern; A. Stadfeldt's instruments for examination of the refractive index of the human lens, MD thesis dating from 1898. In addition, snow goggles from Greenland and eye-baths are described.

Denmark↗