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PubMed1989

Querying medical databases in an environment offering logical data independence.

Medical information systems are becoming popular. Furthermore, their use is expected to be expanded in future. In order to easily extract information from the underlying databases, easy to use man-machine interfaces are required. This paper concerns the doctor interface of the ARPIA medical information system based on a relational database management system. The whole system is currently used inside the Outpatient Pediatric Clinic of the Catholic University of Rome, Italy. The interface provides logical data independence towards the underlying relational database. The paper contains some background about this kind of interfaces, and also, it sketches the software architecture of the implemented prototype.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1989

Computer education of undergraduate medical students: a 2-year experience.

Computer literacy will become a necessity for doctors in the near future, as computer applications for clinical medicine are gradually developed and successfully implemented in the medical environment. Two years ago we began an optional course on computer systems for first-year medical students, as part of the biostatistics course at the University of Lisbon. The results of this experience show that computer education should be well adapted to the needs of students, and educators must continuously evaluate the students' reaction and anticipate the need for sudden changes in the course structure, which are often necessary to capture students' attention.

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1988

An application of the Markov process for quantitative prediction of labor progress.

To quantitatively predict the progress of labor, we devised a mathematical model suitable for the Markov process. Included were 625 primiparas who went into spontaneous labor between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation with a cephalic presentation. When applying the Markov process, the sequence of labor was divided into eight categories from 4 cm cervical dilatation to delivery of the baby. Based on all data collected, a transition matrix was calculated, using a microcomputer system, in which the value in each element showed the percent of probability of progression in labor from one given state to another over a 30-minute period. This matrix was found to be available for evaluating the course of labor in clinical practise with a good predictive value and therefore the Markov process could be confirmed to be actually applicable as an analytical model.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

PACS in practice: the status of the PACS project at the St. Radboud University Hospital. Part B. A digital image archive: information analysis and development.

In accordance with the bottom-up approach in the field of the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), a pilot study was performed with regard to the archiving of digital diagnostic images. A prototype has been developed to determine what information has to be stored in the digital archive and what requirements the users have in accessing these data. Firstly an organization analysis of the department of diagnostic radiology with respect to the archiving of images was performed. A variant of the ISAC method was used for this purpose. This resulted in a set of activity diagrams. Thereafter an information analysis was performed according to the Nijssen Informal Analysis Method (NIAM). This resulted in a Conceptual Schema (CS). Two other prototypes of relational Image Database Management Systems (IDBMS) are described and a description of a general modular structure of an IDBMS is given. By means of a Prototype of a Digital Archive (PDA) the department of diagnostic radiology was shown what might be expected from a digital archive and how the information will be presented to the users.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1992

Probability estimation for biomedical classification problems.

Suppose that we wish to know the probability that an object belongs to a class. For example, we may wish to estimate the probability that a patient has a particular disease, given a set of symptoms, or we may wish to know the probability that a novel peptide binds to a receptor, given the peptide's amino-acid composition. The conventional approach is to first use a classification algorithm to find partitions in feature space and to assign each partition to a class, and then to estimate the conditional probabilities as the proportion of patients or peptides that are correctly and incorrectly classified in each partition. Unfortunately, this estimation method often gives probability estimates that are in error by 20% or more, and thus can cause incorrect decisions. We have implemented and compared alternative methods. In Monte Carlo simulations the alternative methods are substantially more accurate than is the current method.

Epidemiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality control in a medical information system.

Quality assurance techniques provide an opportunity to identify sources of error and to provide the feedback necessary to prevent their repetition. The authors outline an effort to define the steps required for effective quality management procedures in a computerized medical information system (MIS). The computerized management of medical information can be used not only to enhance current quality management activities but also to extend the realm of quality assurance to areas that have heretofore resisted management. Quality-management techniques have the potential for measuring and improving medical decision making processes central to patient care.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1991

Identification of drugs in physiological fluids following on-line liquid chromatographic purification and analysis.

This paper describes the application of an automated algorithm for drug identification following the liquid chromatographic on-line separation and purification of drugs in physiological fluids. Two hundred fifty-seven (257) drugs and 45 drug metabolites were assembled for testing. Two internal standards were used which monitored different columns in the multi-step analytical separation. Retention reproducibility over a nine month period was 4 p. cent or less for most drugs. The algorithm for matching unknown peaks against the stored library utilized relative retention, lambda maxima, normalized spectral overlays, wavelength ratios and zero-intercepts from the second derivative in a combined forward-reverse search. Most of the drugs which could not be unambiguously identified were sedatives which eluted in the first minutes of the chromatogram. Diasteromers were partially resolved. Repetitive analysis of 200-400 micrograms/l of amphetamine, diphenhydramine, imipramine and morphine were evaluated to establish an absorption cutoff of 12 mAbs, above which at least 95% of peaks were correctly identified. This corresponded to a signal-to-noise ratio of 12 for the scanning UV detector which was evaluated.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

The South Dakota Med-Fax network.

Health sciences librarians established a statewide medical information network in South Dakota to provide rural physicians with database access and rapid document delivery. A private grant funded equipment for interactive simultaneous remote searching (ISRS) and telefacsimile transmission, as well as for a coordinator for training and follow-up support. In less than one year, telefacsimile technology has become an integral part of library information transfer among sixteen network sites, and ISRS is gaining acceptance among physicians who lack local access to online databases.

Copying Processes↗