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PubMed2003

The complex technology on products of German chamomile.

The German chamomile is an old herbal medicine, which is widely used in medical practice. The water and ethanol extracts of matricaria flowers are mainly used for their anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and spasmolytic properties. It is possible to prepare tea of pulverized matricaria flowers with 0.2 mm sized particles packed in tea bags. The investigation of anatomical diagnostical identification, qualitative and quantitative indices showed that matricaria top got after gathering flowers can be recommend as a herb for medical use. The thin-layer chromatographic research showed that matricaria top contains 9 flavonoids (2 more than flowers) and it's essential oil--10 components (one more than flowers). The technological study of practical use of matricaria top approved the possibility to prepare the fluid extract of matricaria top for external use. The results of investigations showed the possibility of complex use of Matricaria recutita cultivated in Latvia.

Beverages↗
PubMed1990

Allergic conjunctivitis to chamomile tea.

Eye washing with chamomile tea is a folk remedy used by the general public to treat conjunctivitis and other ocular reactions. Chamomile is also found in many cosmetic products. Some cases of contact dermatitis (but not reactions of type I) were reported following its topical applications. We present seven hay fever patients that suffered from conjunctivitis; two of them also had lid angioedema after eye washing with chamomile tea. All seven patients had positive skin prick tests to the chamomile tea extract, Matricaria chamomilla pollen and Artemisia vulgaris pollen extracts. Positive conjunctival provocations were also observed in all the patients with the chamomile tea extract. In contrast, no symptoms were observed after oral challenges with this infusion. IgE activity against chamomile tea and Matricaria and Artemisia extracts (composite pollens) was detected by ELISA in the seven patients' sera. A cross reactivity among the above extracts was observed by an ELISA inhibition study. In all cases, the IgE activity to chamomile tea could fully be absorbed by Matricaria pollen extract. Skin prick tests and conjunctival provocation tests also performed in 100 hay fever controls revealed a positive immediate skin response to Artemisia in 15 patients, eight of them also to Matricaria pollen and five of them to Chamomile tea as well. Only two of the last patients had a positive conjunctival response. The results were negative in the rest of the controls. We conclude that the chamomile tea eye washing can induce allergic conjunctivitis. Matricaria chamomilla pollens contained in these infusions are the allergens responsible for these reactions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Anaphylactic reaction after the ingestion of chamomile tea: a study of cross-reactivity with other composite pollens.

We report a case of an 8-year-old atopic boy in whom ingestion of a chamomile-tea infusion precipitated a severe anaphylactic reaction. The patient suffers from hay fever and bronchial asthma caused by a variety of pollens (grass, olive, and mugwort). This severe reaction was developed after his first ingestion of chamomile tea. Studies revealed the presence of immediate skin test reactivity and a positive passive transfer test to chamomile-tea extract. Moreover, both specific antichamomile-tea extract and anti-Matricaria chamomilla-pollen extract IgE antibodies were detected by an ELISA technique. Cross-reactivity among chamomile-tea extract and the pollens of Matricaria chamomilla, Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed), and Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), was demonstrated by an ELISA-inhibition study. These findings suggest a type I IgE-mediated immunologic mechanism as being responsible for the patient's anaphylactic symptoms and also suggest that the patient cross-reacted the pollens of Matricaria chamomilla contained in the chamomile tea because he was previously sensitized to Artemisia pollen.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2002

A new nonpeptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist isolated from the plants of Compositae.

To find new tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonists from natural sources, we examined the tachykinin antagonist activity in the extracts of approximately 200 species of plants by the use of isolated guinea pig ileum. As a result, we discovered a novel and potent NK1 receptor antagonist in the extract of dried flowers of Matricaria chamomilla L. (chamomile). The structure of the antagonist was established as N1,N5,N10,N14-tetrakis[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]-1,5,10,14-tetraazatetradecane (tetracoumaroyl spermine, 1a). The Ki values of 1a, estimated from the inhibitory action on the substance P (SP)-induced contraction of the guinea pig ileum and the inhibition of the binding of [3H][Sar9, Met(O2)11]SP to human NK1 receptors, were 21.9 nM and 3.3 nM, respectively. 1a is the first potent NK1 receptor antagonist from natural sources and it has a unique structure of a polyacylated spermine. 1a was concentrated in pollen of Matricaria chamomilla L. and was also found in the extracts of flowers of other four species of Compositae. In addition, we found N1,N5,N10-tris[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoyl]-1,5,10,14-tetraazatetradecane (2) as a new compound in the extract of flowers of Matricaria chamomilla L., which did not exhibit any tachykinin antagonist activity. A number of related compounds were synthesized, and the structure-activity relationship was studied.

Alkenes↗
PubMed2006

Spasmolytic and tonic effect of Iberogast (STW 5) in intestinal smooth muscle.

STW 5 (Iberogast) is a fixed combination of nine medicinal plant extracts effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. The effects of STW 5, a combination of Iberis amara fresh plant extract, and other eight plant extracts as well as single extract components including extracts from Menthae piperitae folium, Matricariae flos and Liquiritiae radix, were assayed in guinea pig ileum with or without stimulation with acetylcholine or histamine, in order to find a possible effect on the contractility of intestinal smooth muscle. STW 5 decreased acetylcholine- and histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum. This was also true for extracts of Menthae piperitae folium, Matricariae flos and L. radix. Extract from I. amara, however, showed no spasmolytic action; in contrary, it increased the basal resting tone and contraction of atonic ileal segments. This was also true when STW 5 was employed. A spasmolytic action of STW 5 could also be observed in duodenum, jejunum and colon. These data are the first to show not only the spasmolytic effects of STW 5 and its component extracts in intestinal muscle but also the tonicising effects of STW 5 through its component Iberis amara extract in relaxed intestinal muscle. Thus, pharmacological evidence suggests a dual-action principle and may explain, at least in part, the clinically observed therapeutic efficacy of STW 5 (Iberogast) in both hypotonic and spastic dysmotility symptoms of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Herbal extracts modulate the amplitude and frequency of slow waves in circular smooth muscle of mouse small intestine.

BACKGROUND: Herbal preparations like STW 5 (Iberogast) are widely used drugs in the treatment of dyspepsia and motility-related disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. STW 5 is a phytotherapeutic agent consisting of a fixed mixture of 9 individual plant extracts. The electrophysiological mechanisms of action of STW 5 remain obscure. AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether herbal extracts influence electrophysiological parameters of the small intestine. For this purpose, the resting membrane potential (RMP) and the slow wave rhythmicity of smooth muscle cells of mouse small intestine were observed. METHODS: Intracellular recordings of smooth muscle cells of the circular muscle layer of mouse small intestine were performed using standard microelectrode techniques. After dissection of the mucosa, the small intestine was placed in an organ bath and a microelectrode was applied on a circular smooth muscle cell. The RMP and the amplitude of slow waves were measured in millivolts. RESULTS: The RMP of smooth muscle cells was -59 +/- 1.3 mV. This RMP was significantly depolarized by STW 5 (9.6 +/- 1.6 mV); the depolarizing effects can be mainly attributed to the constituents of matricariae flos, angelicae radix and chelidonii herba. The basal frequency of small intestinal slow waves was 39.5 +/- 1.4 min(-1) and the amplitude was 23.1 +/- 0.9 mV. STW 5 significantly reduced the amplitude and frequency of the slow waves (11.7 +/- 0.8 mV; 33.5 +/- 3.4 min(-1)). This effect on slow waves represents the sum of the effects of the 9 phytoextracts. Whereas angelicae radix and matricariae flos completely blocked slow wave activity, Iberis amara increased the frequency and amplitude, chelidonii herba reduced the frequency and amplitude of the slow waves, mentae piperitae folium reduced the frequency and left amplitude unchanged and liquiritae radix, carvi fructus and melissae folium had no effects. CONCLUSION: Herbal extracts cause changes in smooth muscle RMP and slow wave rhythmicity, up to reversible abolition, by blockade of large conductance Ca2+ channels and other not yet identified mechanisms. In herbal preparations like STW 5 these effects add up to a total effect and this study indicates that herbal preparations which are widely used in dyspepsia and motility-related disorders have characteristic, reproducible, reversible effects on small intestinal electrophysiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Image and visual analyses of G-banding patterns of camomile chromosomes.

Karyotypes of three cultivars of Matricaria chamomilla L. were studied using the developed G-like banding technique. The G-banding patterns of chromosomes were reproducible and chromosome-specific. Visual analysis allowed us to reveal from 5 to 10 G-positive bands and/or blocks of adjacent bands on individual chromosomes. In accordance with the G-banding patterns and morphology of chromosomes, all 9 homologous pairs were identified. The G-banding patterns of chromosomes in karyotypes of different Matricaria chamomilla L. cultivars were similar, thus indicating their species-specific character. The description of G-banding patterns of camomile chromosomes was given in accordance with the revealed G-band polymorphism, and the ideogram of M(ch) genome chromosomes was created. Image analysis of G-banding patterns of camomile chromosomes revealed up to 18 G-positive bands per chromosome with different staining intensity. As a result, the quantitative M(ch) genome ideogram reflecting structural peculiarities of chromosomes (band size, position, and staining intensity) was constructed. Comparison of the results of visual and image analyses of G-banding patterns of camomile chromosomes showed that they complemented each other. The first approach allowed us to determine the main peculiarities of G-banding patterns and the second one - to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the G-banded chromosome structure. Our results demonstrate the prospects of the G-like banding technique together with the image chromosome analysis in studying small-chromosome plant species.

Chamomile↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of medicinal herbs on lymphocyte rosette-forming function].

The blood samples from ENT patients with immunodeficiency were used in an in vitro trial of some herbs effect on T-lymphocyte rosette formation. Out of 10% infusions made of Hypericum L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Chelidonium L., Salvia officinalis L., Mentha L., stimulation of rosette formation was recorded only after introduction of Matricaria chamomilla L. and Chelidonium L. infusions.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2005

Antipruritic effect of the single oral administration of German chamomile flower extract and its combined effect with antiallergic agents in ddY mice.

The single peroral administration of the ethyl acetate extract or essential oil of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) showed remarkable antipruritic effects in the compound 48/80-induced itch-scratching test in ddY mice, if suitable vehicle was used. The ethyl acetate extract or essential oil of German chamomile dissolved in the vehicle of 10% ethanol, 10% Tween 80 and 80% physiological saline was orally administrated 2 h before pruritus provocation by compound 48/80 subcutaneous injection. The ethyl acetate extract or essential oil of German chamomile showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of the compound 48/80-induced scratching without affecting spontaneous motor activity. The antipruritic effects of antihistamine H1 antagonists, oxatomide (10 mg/kg) and fexofenadine (10 mg/kg), were only partial in this test. However, the antipruritic effects of these agents were remarkably enhanced by the combined administration of the ethyl acetate extract of German chamomile (300 mg/kg). Thus, the co-medication with the ethyl acetate extract, or essential oil of German chamomile and antihistamines might be effective for the pruritus which could not be perfectly resolved alone by conventional antihistamines.

Administration, Oral↗