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Results for “MENTAL TESTS”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Concurrent validity study of the Slosson Intelligence Test-Revised in mental retardation testing.

The new Slosson Intelligence Test-Revised and the recommended abbreviated battery of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition were given to individuals whose Stanford-Binet IQs ranged from 36 to 110. The Slosson-R correlated highly with the Stanford-Binet, r = .92. However, except for the moderately retarded category, the Slosson-R unsatisfactorily matched the Stanford-Binet's assignment of individuals to IQ categories. In contrast, when all individuals were classified as either having or not having mental retardation, the match rate was much better. The Slosson-R can adequately screen for mental retardation, but its ability to accurately assign individuals to specific IQ categories appears to be limited.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Physiological, metabolic, neuroendocrine and pharmacological regulation of nitric oxide in humans.

Genetically controlled nitric oxide production is currently assessed mainly by the colorimetric determination of the plasma levels of nitrite/nitrates, specific end-products of NO, or by the magnitude of the vasorelaxation obtained with forearm occlusion venous plethysmography after infusion of stimulating (acetylcholine) or inhibiting (N-monomethyl-arginine) substances. NO levels decrease in the elderly compared to young people and more in men than in women. Many shear stresses (physical exercise, cold pressor test, mental test) increase NO production; in these circumstances NO inhibits platelet aggregation and endothelial adhesivity: among endogenous metabolic factors mainly LDL impairs endothelium dependent vasodilation through an altered synthesis of NO, whereas triglycerides seem to have no influence; oxidized LDL may stimulate NO-production to counteract its damaging effects on endothelial cells. The hypothesis whereby an early production of NO is followed by a drop due to a prolonged cell injury is still controversial. Lipid lowering agents (drugs, apheresis) improve endothelial function. Some endogenous vasoactive substances, (acetylcholine, adenosine, bradykinin, and arginine) stimulate NO production, whereas others, such as angiotensin II, histamine, aspirin, indomethacin have inhibitory effects. As regards drugs glyceriltrinitrate and isosorbide dinitrate, acting as NO donors, improve endothelial function; other drugs are current being studied in this sense.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of the Mental Alternation Test with the Mini-Mental State Examination in geriatric psychiatric inpatients and normal controls.

The Mental Alternation Test (MAT) is a bedside test of cognition that was used for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related cognitive impairment. It has been shown to have good reproducibility and inter-rater reliability, and takes only 60 seconds to administer. To assess the utility of the MAT in the geriatric primary care and geriatric psychiatric settings, we used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) as a further validation of the test. This cohort study included 20 geriatric psychiatric inpatients, 15 normal geriatric controls, and four normal adult controls. The study was conducted within the inpatient psychiatric unit of a referral hospital. Scores on the MAT and the MMSE were compared using correlation calculations. Test score means and standard deviations were computed for each study population. Test score cutoffs derived from a previous study were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the MAT as compared with the MMSE. The MAT score was found to correlate significantly with the MMSE score (r =.84, P <.0001). Scores on the MAT were predictive of scores on the MMSE, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 100%. We conclude that MAT is a good test of cognition in both geriatric primary care and geriatric psychiatric populations. It has both good specificity and sensitivity, and its ease of administration and inter-rater reliability make it a useful diagnostic tool for identifying those patients who may need further cognitive evaluations.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The diagnostic value of tests for mental control].

Designated as Mental Control, the recitation of word lists and arithmetic progressions is often used for a cursory examination of attention and concentration in elderly patients. We studied the psychometric properties of the EMCT (Expanded Mental Control Test), which consists of 12 mental control tasks. The test was given to 174 residents of rest homes and semi-independent housing projects (aged 68 to 94) and 74 neurologic patients (aged 65 to 87) who had been referred for neuropsychological assessment. The reliability of the EMCT was satisfactory. Performance was related to education level but not to sex or age. In healthy subjects the EMCT score was associated with the backward digit span score. The correlations between the EMCT and subtests of the Amsterdam Dementia Screening (Ads6) in patients appeared to depend on the complexity of the target behavior. Performance on the EMCT may reflect the functioning of the Supervisory Attentional System postulated by Shallice.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Mental status tests and the capacity for self-care.

To test the hypothesis that self-care capacity can be predicted by tests of mental functioning, the performances of patients in a long-term care institution on a Self-Care Scale were compared with their scores on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) and a Mental Competence Scale. The Self-Care Scale measures ability to perform activities of daily living; the SPMSQ assesses memory, orientation, and calculation; and the Mental Competence Scale measures ability to respond sensibly to interview questions and to judge the environment. Many people who had poor scores on the SPMSQ were able to perform activities of daily living in the nursing home setting, but none whose scores on the Mental Competence Scale were fair or poor were independent in activities of daily living. Despite the fact that both the Self-Care Scale and the Mental Competence Scale are still in the developmental stages, the author concludes that the SPMSQ is not an adequate predictor of capacity for self-care. Moreover, the ability to respond appropriately to an interview may be more relevant for daily functioning than are tests of mental status. The three methods of assessment used in this study measure distinct yet complementary components of functioning that need to be considered in evaluating a mentally impaired elderly person.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

Autonomic function in hemodialyzed patients.

The authors have studied the autonomic function in a group of 34 regular hemodialyzed patients and in a group of 24 normal volunteers with simple, non-invasive and repeteable techniques. To evaluate autonomic function Valsalva manoeuvre, cold pressor test, mental stress test, tilt test, diving reflex test, systolic-time intervals and plasma catecholamines levels were used in all subjects. Uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis were studied the day after hemodialysis. The response to cold pressor test, mental stress test, tilt test and plasma catecholamines levels resulted normal in all uremic patients, even if 17 out of 34 patients showed an abnormal response to the Valsalva manoeuvre (Valsalva ratio lesser than 1.40). In these patients an alteration of diving reflex and/or a pathological systolic-time interval was found. The authors suggest that sympathetic function is normal in regular hemodialyzed patients and that the abnormal response to the Valsalva manoeuvre is probably due to a defect in the vagal control of the heart and/or an alteration of cardiac performance.

Adolescent↗