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PubMed1991

Inpatient sociodemographic and diagnostic study from a psychiatric hospital in Libya.

Sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics of 1009 patients admitted to the Psychiatry Hospital, Benghazi (Libya) in one calendar year are reported. Five hundred and four (50%) were 'first admission' cases. There were an average of 2.05 admissions for each 'readmission' case. Eighty nine percent of patients were of Libyan origin, of whom 62% were males; 66% were between 15-34 years of age, 37% were married, 28% were unemployed and 16% were in military service. ICD-9 schizophrenic psychosis was the commonest diagnosis (39%), followed by affective psychosis (17%), neurotic disorders (12%), organic psychosis (8%) and acute psychosis (7%). Neurotic depression was the commonest type of neurotic disorder and antisocial personality was the commonest among personality disorders. Relationship of sociodemographic variables with major diagnostic categories was studied in Libyan patients. Sociodemographic profiles of 'first admission' and 'readmission' cases of Libyan origin were also compared. These findings are discussed in relation to the sociocultural context.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Rumen ciliate protozoal fauna of native sheep, friesian cattle and dromedary camel in Libya.

Rumen ciliate species and composition were surveyed on the native sheep, Friesian-cattle and dromedary (one-humped) camels kept in Libya. As a result of survey, 5 genera including 14 species with 5 formae in native sheep, 9 genera including 27 species with 6 formae in Friesian-cattle and 6 genera including 13 species and 7 formae in dromedary camels were identified. All of the ciliate species and their percentage composition detected from the Libyan sheep and cattle in this examination were similar to those found from corresponding animals in the other countries. Libyan camels lacked some peculiar ciliate species found from camels in the other countries, but had many cosmopolitan species common with those in the domestic ruminants, suggesting that ciliate faunae of camel are easily affected by the other domestic ruminants kept together. The ciliate density was estimated as 105/ml in every host species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expanding global distribution of rotavirus serotype G9: detection in Libya, Kenya, and Cuba.

Serotype G9 may be the fifth most common human rotavirus serotype, after serotypes G1 to G4. In three cross-sectional studies of childhood diarrhea, we have detected serotype G9 rotaviruses for the first time in Libya, Kenya, and Cuba. Serotype G9 constituted 27% of all rotaviruses identified, emphasizing the reemergence of serotype G9 and suggesting that future human rotavirus vaccines will need to protect against disease caused by this serotype.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Sleep problems among pupils in Benghazi, Libya.

OBJECTIVE: To find the prevalence of sleep problems among pupils, its possible causes and associated behaviors. METHODS: This study was carried out during 3-24 February 1996. We randomly selected a sample of (277) 5th graders (181 boys and 96 girls), from 3 public primary schools in 3 different socio-economic areas in Benghazi, Libya. We interviewed the pupils and the teachers by a pretested questionnaire concerning sleep, school achievement and other behaviors. Those pupils who sleep after 10:00 pm, or those having bad sleep characters, or both, twice or more a week in the last month, were considered suffering from sleep problems. According to their performance in the first semester in both Arabic and Mathematics, pupils were classified in to 3 groups (>70% in both the good group, 50-70% in both subjects or in one provided that the other was above 70% the average group, <50% in one or both subjects the poorly achieving group). RESULTS: This study shows high prevalence of sleep problems among pupils (28.9%), especially in a high-density area, with non-significant gender difference. Associated behaviors are bad school achievement, sleepiness and mood fluctuation. CONCLUSION: Parental ignorance, unawareness and bad child rearing and follow-up are evident, and considered to be the main cause of these problems, that needs intensive education towards better sleep hygiene.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients in Libya.

OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori infection is a very common infection worldwide particularly in the developing countries. The organism plays an important role in peptic ulcer diseases. The aim of the study was to detect and correlate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori with such diseases and to evaluate the histopathological grading of gastritis. METHODS: One hundred thirty two patients of 15-83 years of age (average 38) attending the endoscopy unit at the El-Jamahiria Hospital, Binghazi, Libya, mainly complaining from epigastric pain were randomly selected. Three antral biopsies for rapid urease test, direct smear stain and histology together with serum samples were obtained from each patient. Grading of gastritis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori was scored according to the Sydney system. RESULTS: Patients were considered infected when 2 of the biopsy-based tests were positive. Helicobacter pylori was detected in 108 (82%) of 132 patients examined (86% by rapid urease test, 77% by direct smear stain, 95% by histology). The endoscopic findings revealed that 77 (77%) of 100 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia, 26 (96%) of 27 with duodenal ulcer, 4 (100%) of 4 with gastric ulcer and in one patient with gastric cancer were Helicobacter pylori positive. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test showed 94% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Histopathological sections from the majority of duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer patients revealed higher grade (II and III) of gastritis than non-ulcer dyspepsia patients. CONCLUSION: Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly correlated with peptic ulcer diseases than with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Patients with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer had a significantly higher grade of gastritis than patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Diabetes mellitus in Libya: a retrospective study.

The records of the Diabetes Hospital, Tripoli, Libya for the years 1961-1983 were examined and the available particulars relating to 24,962 diabetic patients (12,486 males + 12,476 females) registered during this period were obtained. The highest number of male and female diabetic patients were in the age group 40-50 years and the highest number of obese diabetic patients also belong to this age group. There was a gradual increase in the number of diabetic patients visiting the Diabetes Hospital with the highest number in 1983. The increase has been both in the type I and type II patients. In 1983, 15% of the diabetic patients belong to type I diabetes. Family history of diabetes appears to be an important factor in the onset and manifestation of type II diabetes. Patients with diabetes in the family have a lower mean body mass index and fasting blood glucose level as compared with those of patients without known case of diabetes in the family. This may be due to greater alertness, early diagnosis of the disease and steps taken to control blood glucose levels and body weight in the case of patients with family history of diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Treatment strategy of inguinal hernia in infants and children in Eastern Libya.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate and improve the treatment strategy of inguinal hernia in children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the hospital notes and operation records of 827 (681 boys and 146 girls) children who underwent inguinal herniotomy at Al-Fatah Children Hospital, Benghazi, Libya, between 1998 and 2002. RESULTS: Eight hundred and sixty-five inguinal herniotomies were performed on 827 children. In 497 patients, operations were performed on the right side, in 292 on the left side, and in 38 bilateral. Thirty-nine (4.7%) children presented as emergencies with irreducible hernia, of which 29 (74.4%) patients underwent emergency herniotomies while the remaining 10 (25.6%) patients could be treated with conservative measures at the time of admission. Postoperative complication rate for elective was 6.3% and for emergency groups was 24%. The overall postoperative complication rate was 6.6%. There were 5 recurrences giving a recurrence rate of 0.5%. CONCLUSION: Early detection and repair of inguinal hernia in infancy and childhood is essential to decrease the potential operative morbidity rate. This needs an increase in parental awareness. Quick and prompt referral of irreducible hernias for surgery is strongly recommended.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Libya: foreign health-care workers sentenced to death for deliberate infection.

On 6 May 2004, five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor accused of deliberately infecting 426 children with HIV were sentenced to death by the Benghazi Criminal Court in Libya. The execution is to be carried out by firing squad. The panel of five judges also sentenced a sixth Bulgarian, a doctor, to four years' imprisonment. The doctor originally faced the same charges as the others, but instead was convicted of illegally changing foreign currency. The court did not explain the modification of charges.

Bulgaria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective study among cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in Tripoli Central Hospital, Tripoli, Libya.

One hundred and nine cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were referred to Dermatology unit, Tripoli Central Hospital from 24 localities in north-west Libya during the period from September to December 1994. Clinically most of the lesions were multiple and distributed on the uncovered parts of the body, and the size ranged from 1 to 5 cm. In diameter. The prevalence of infection was 65.3% among age groups 1-30 year old. Patients responded well to the treatment with sodium stibagluconate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Earthworm resources of Benghazi, Libya.

This study presents the first survey of earthworm species (Oligochaeta) from Benghazi, a Mediterranean coastal city in Libya. A total of three peregrine species were recorded: Allolobophora caliginosa trapezoides, Allolobophora rosea (Family: Lumbricidae), Microscolex dubius (Family: Microscolecidae). Their distribution and density in six habitats (vegetable garden, flower garden, green house, farmland, grassland, plain barren landscape) are discussed in relation to some of the physico-chemical parameters and composition of the soil.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Etiology of childhood diarrhea in Zliten, Libya.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiological agents of diarrhea in children from a small semi-urban city in Libya and the association of age, gender, seasonal variation, breast-feeding, source of water for drinking, or antibiotic use with the isolation of enteropathogens and whether such agents are community or hospital acquired. METHODS: Using standard microbiological techniques we examined stool samples from 169 children (70 females) aged a few days to 12 years with acute diarrhea for viral, bacterial and parasitological agents. We used the disc diffusion method to determine the susceptibility of bacterial pathogens to antimicrobial agents. We carried out the study between April 2000 to March 2001. RESULTS: We detected a single agent in 44.4%, rotavirus in 26.6%, Salmonella in 13.6%, and Cryptosporidium in 13% of patients and other enteric pathogens, Shigella in 3.6%, Aeromonas in 5.5%, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar in 11.8, and Giardia lamblia in 1.2%. Serotyping of isolated Salmonella resulted in 21 being Salmonella enteric serotype heidelberg and 3 Salmonella enteritidis. We detected both serotypes in one child. More than 75% of the isolated Salmonella were resistant to 6 different commonly used antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSION: We found rotavirus, non-typhoid Salmonella and Cryptosporidium to be the most important enteric agents associated with childhood diarrhea in Zliten. The isolated bacterial pathogens showed high resistant rates, particularly among the Salmonella, to the commonly used antimicrobial agents. The ease of which one can obtain these drugs in Zliten may play a role in such resistance.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

Study on human ophthalmomyiasis externa caused by Oestrus ovis larva, in Sirte-Libya: parasite features, clinical presentation and management.

Oestrus ovis larva is by far the commonest cause of human ophthalmomyiasis. The larva usually limits it's activity to the conjunctiva and cornea, but, penetration of the eye is a potential complication. Misdiagnosis is common and the condition of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis is ascribed to other causes. The study included 20 patients referred to university hospital of Sirte, Libya. Results showed that the condition was more common among adult male shepherds and farmers in rural areas. Important criteria for diagnosis were; sudden mobile foreign body sensation with abrupt itching and lacrimation occurring in endemic area, in warm months even without history of fly strike. Effective treatment consisted of mechanical removal of the larva by the cotton swap mounting technique which resulted in rapid improvement. Suffocation of residual larvae was mediated by use of liberal amounts of topical antibiotics. Slit lamp examination of larva showed that it was small, translucent, avoid the light beam and easily overlooked. Detailed microscopic examination of larval surface structures revealed a multi-component attachment apparatus consisting of oral hooks, inter-segmental spines, caudal spines and a multi-layered spiny thoracic complex described for the first time. These injurious structures are believed to be responsible through inflicting direct mechanical damage for the observed haemorrhage, ulceration or even the potential invasion, as these changes were more obvious in neglected cases. So, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to avoid complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A biochemical study of cystic stage fluids of Echinococcus granulosus of animal origin in Libya.

The biochemical analyses of hydatid cyst fluids of sheep, goats and camels slaughtered in abattoir of Sirt, Libya showed the same constituents of elements and organic compounds. But, sheep hydatid cyst fluids contained significantly more triglycerides (P<0.05), phosphorus (P<0.05) and protein (P<0.001) than those in camels and goats. Urea was significantly more (P<0.05) in sheep and goats compared to camels.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1987

Central nervous system infections in Benghazi, Libya: experience from a community-based adult medical neurology set-up.

During a 2-year period, a total of 43 incident cases of central nervous system infections occurred in the adult (aged 15 years and above) population in Benghazi, Libya. This comprised 17 patients with aseptic meningitis, 10 acute bacterial meningitis, four tuberculous meningitis, five encephalitis, four neurosyphilis, two hydatidosis and one bilharzial myelopathy. The aetiology of the aseptic meningitis and encephalitis could not be established. The annual incidence rates of aseptic, septic and tuberculous meningitis, and encephalitis were 3.4, 2, 0.8 and 1 per 100,000 population, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Echinococcosis in Libya. I. Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs with particular reference to the role of the dog in Libyan society.

Of 151 dogs examined in 14 localities in Libya, 42 (27.81%) were infected with Echinococcus granulosus. The prevalence of the worms was generally higher in the coastal areas. Infections were light (1-200 worms) in 24 of the infected dogs, medium (201-1000 worms) in ten and high (over 1000 worms) in eight. The maximum number of worms was 12,821, recorded in a four-year-old dog. Infection rates differed with age: 12.5% in dogs aged up to one year, 36.6% for one to two years, 19.3% for two to three years, 44.2% for three to four years and 14.3% for dogs aged over five years. The role of dogs in Libyan society is discussed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

Echinococcosis in Libya. II. Prevalence of hydatidosis (Echinococcus granulosus) in sheep.

The incidence and geographical distribution of hydatidosis was examined in sheep from ten localities in Libya. A total of 402 cases of hydatid disease (7.85%) were confirmed in a total of 5118 sheep examined; 12.74% of adult sheep were infected, but only 0.29% of lambs. The liver was the organ most commonly infected (97.26% of all infections), followed by the lungs (58.70%), kidneys (1.76%), spleen (0.74%) and heart, mesentery and muscles (0.24% each). The intensity of infection varied from one to more than ten fertile or sterile cysts. Infections were light in 43.73% of livers and 47.03% of lungs, medium in 33.24% of livers and 42.79% of lungs, heavy in 13.55% of livers and 7.62% of lungs, and very heavy in 9.96% of livers and 2.54% of lungs. A total of 73.13% of the infections were found to be fertile, 18.90% sterile and 7.96% both sterile and partly calcified. Lung hydatids tended to be more fertile than liver cysts.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Bovine tuberculosis in Benghazi cow project (Libya).

Dual-tuberculin tests were performed on cows of five dairy stations in the cow project of Benghazi (Libya). 3413 cows were tested and 142 (4.26%) were found to show specific tuberculin sensitivity. Most of the reactors (7.9%) were in Abo Garar dairy station. Following the standard interpretation of tuberculin tests, 88 cow (2.6%) were retained, 51 cows (1.5%) were retested and 3 cows only (0.09%) were destroyed from all cows investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Serological survey of brucellosis in Benghazi cow project (Libya).

Sera were collected from 3753 cows in Benhazi cow project (Libya). The rose bengal, complement fixation and serum agglutination serological tests were employed to test these sera for evidence of brucellosis. The overall reactivity was detected in all (0.3%) cows. The prevalence of the highest reactors (1.0%) was in Abo Atney Dairy Station. In other dairy stations investigated the incidence of brucellosis ranged from zero to 0.3%.

Agglutination Tests↗