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PubMed2005

[The library of an early 17th century physician: the Canevari collection of the Berio Library in Genoa].

The Canevari Collection of the Berio Library in Genoa has about 2,400 works dating from the 1400s to the death of its first owner, the Genoese Demetrio Canevari (Genoa 1559 - Rome 1625), in 1625. The library of Demetrio Canevari was left to us thanks to his will which stipulates how his heirs are to maintain it and who or what institutions could claim ownership of it. The Canevari Collection is a scientific library that contains important medical texts such as the treatises on anatomy by Vesalio and Fabrizi d'Acquapendente or the ancient editions of Galeno and Avicenna. There are also numerous works in the fields of chemistry, botany, zoology and philosophy. The library is a testament of a critical period in the evolution of scientific thought. The catalogue of the Canevari Collection was published by Rodolfo Savelli in 1974. The manuscript catalogue of the library, written by Canevari himself is kept within the Opera Pia "Sussidio Canevari Demetrio" which was founded by Canevari to benefit his descendants.

Catalogs, Library↗
PubMed1988

Report of a cooperative venture between the China Medical University library and the medical library of McGill University.

In March/April 1986, the medical library at McGill University in Montreal, Canada signed a cooperative agreement with the China Medical University (CMU) Library in Shenyang, China. This paper analyzes the operations of the CMU library within the context of the Chinese system of medical education, health care delivery, and medical librarianship. The CMU library is described in terms of collections, cataloging procedures, filing, public services (reference, bibliographic instruction, circulation, copy service), interlibrary loans, networking, conservation of materials, and personnel. Some interesting comparisons are made between the two libraries with respect to holdings, services provided, and training of staff. The plans for future cooperation are outlined.

Canada↗
PubMed1977

Development of criteria and procedures for appointment, promotion, and tenure of library faculty in an academic health sciences library.

A subcommittee of the Appointment, Promotion and Tenure Committee was appointed to develop a document establishing procedures and criteria for the appointment, promotion, and tenure of library faculty at the Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois. The subcommittee analyzed the library's objectives within the academic setting and developed guidelines to enhance individual and organizational contributions. Early and regular evaluation of library faculty was emphasized. Skills required to implement library participation and support of education, research, and public service programs were categorized. A mechanism for review and amendment of the document has been established.

Faculty↗
PubMed1970

Development of methodologic tools for planning and managing library services. IV. Bibliography of studies selected for methods and data useful to biomedical libraries.

This selective bibliography is intended to serve as a guide to empirical studies reporting data and methods that can be used by medical librarians to assess their own efforts objectively and to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of services they offer. The decision rules that governed selection of items for the bibliography are specified in detail. A total of 178 items published between 1915 and mid-1968 met the selection criteria. The list of items is supplemented by a keyword index derived from titles. Half the items are journal articles; a third of these articles appeared in the Bulletin, and most of the remainder in thirteen other library and information science journals. Most of the non-journal items are technical reports issued by the organization that conducted or sponsored the work. The characteristics of this literature suggest that few medical libraries, unless they are part of a university system that includes the collection of a library or information science school, are likely to have quick access to the literature base needed to support a comprehensive program of self-evaluation studies and the continuing education of their own staff. Regional medical libraries might well undertake to ensure both ready access to, and awareness of, literature on the scientific aspects of librarianship.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Random-peptide libraries and antigen-fragment libraries for epitope mapping and the development of vaccines and diagnostics.

Random peptide libraries and antigen-fragment libraries (also known as gene-fragment libraries) have been used to identify epitopes on protein antigens. These technologies promise to make significant contributions to diagnostic and vaccine development. Researchers in a number of labs have shown that phage selected from libraries with protective antibodies, raised against whole antigen, can be used as immunogens to stimulate antibody responses that bind native antigen and provide protection in vivo. Others have used the sera of patients with idiopathic diseases to screen libraries, and by this approach have identified candidate antigens involved in immune disease. These may prove useful for diagnosis and, possibly, in determining disease etiology.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rational combinatorial library design. 2. Rational design of targeted combinatorial peptide libraries using chemical similarity probe and the inverse QSAR approaches.

We have developed a novel strategy for rational design of targeted peptide libraries. The goal of this method is to select a subset of natural amino acids that are most likely to be present in active peptides for the synthesis of library. Two different protocols are employed where chemical structures of peptides are described either by topological indices or by a combination of physicochemical descriptors for individual amino acids. The selection of a peptide as a candidate for the targeted library is based either on its chemical similarity to a biologically active probe or on its biological activity predicted from a preconstructed quantitative structure-activity (QSAR) equation. The optimization of the library is achieved by means of genetic algorithms (GA). This method was tested by rational design of the library with bradykinin-potentiating activity. Twenty-eight bradykinin-potentiating pentapeptides were used as a training set for the development of a QSAR equation, and, alternatively, two active pentapeptides, VEWAK and VKWAP, were used as probe molecules. In each case, the frequency distribution of amino acids in the top 100 peptides suggested by the method resembles the frequency distribution of amino acids found in the active peptides. The results obtained after GA optimization also compared favorably with those obtained by the exhaustive analysis of all possible 3.2 million pentapeptides.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Library versus library recognition and inhibition of the HIV-1 Nef allelome.

Rapid evolution of drug-resistant viruses renders essentially all small-molecule antiviral treatments ineffective. We demonstrate an in vitro library versus library approach to identify small molecules targeting a broad spectrum of HIV-1 Nef protein variants. The technique could provide more effective antiviral therapies. First, a library of clinically derived Nef allelic variants, termed an allelome, was selected for function by binding to Nef ligands p53, actin, or p56lck. Next, a library of small-molecule inhibitors challenged the Nef allelome in competition assays. In contrast to single-variant inhibition, structurally simpler molecules could better inhibit the Nef allelome. Additionally, Nef sequences selected for binding to p53 resembled sequences from patients with a rapid progression to AIDS phenotype. Thus, the allelome versus small-molecule library approach offers a route for improving antiviral drug discovery and elucidating fundamental mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and resistance.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1990

The sole source: the Library of Congress National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.

The Library of Congress National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped leads a co-operative network of specialized libraries and ancillary agencies that are delivering a successful programme of reading and informational services to blind, visually impaired and handicapped users. Its unique position within the Library of Congress and the benefits which emanate from this relationship are described. This current review outlines and discusses the development, role and functioning of the National Library Service.

Blindness↗
PubMed2004

Phylogeny-function analysis of (meta)genomic libraries: screening for expression of ribosomal RNA genes by large-insert library fluorescent in situ hybridization (LIL-FISH).

We assessed the utility of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in the screening of clone libraries of (meta)genomic or environmental DNA for the presence and expression of bacterial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. To establish proof-of-principle, we constructed a fosmid-based library in Escherichia coli of large-sized genomic DNA fragments of the mycophagous soil bacterium Collimonas fungivorans, and hybridized 768 library clones with the Collimonas-specific fluorescent probe CTE998-1015. Critical to the success of this approach (which we refer to as large-insert library FISH or LIL-FISH) was the ability to induce fosmid copy number, the exponential growth status of library clones in the FISH assay and the use of a simple pooling strategy to reduce the number of hybridizations. Twelve out of 768 E. coli clones were suspected to harbour and express Collimonas 16S rRNA genes based on their hybridization to CTE998-1015. This was confirmed by the finding that all 12 clones were also identified in an independent polymerase chain reaction-based screening of the same 768 clones using a primer set for the specific detection of Collimonas 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Fosmids isolated from these clones were grouped by restriction analysis into two distinct contigs, confirming that C. fungivorans harbours at least two 16S rRNA genes. For one contig, representing 1-2% of the genome, the nucleotide sequence was determined, providing us with a narrow but informative view of Collimonas genome structure and content.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Implementation of the Integrated Library System: University of Maryland Health Sciences Library.

The Health Sciences Library, University of Maryland, has implemented the Integrated Library System (ILS), a minicomputer-based library automation system developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine. The process of moving a library from a manual to a computerized system required comprehensive planning and strong commitment by the staff. Implementation activities included hardware and software modification, conversion of manual files, staff training, and system publicity. ILS implementation resulted in major changes in procedures in the circulation, reference, and cataloging departments.

Computers↗
PubMed1977

Coordinators for health science libraries in the Midwest Health Science Library Network.

In the summer of 1973 one resource library in each of the six states of the Midwest Health Science Library Network received funding from the National Library of Medicine to hire a coordinator for health science libraries. The development of the role of coordinator is examined and evaluated. The coordinators have proved valuable in the areas of consortium formation, basic unit development, communication facilitation, and program initiation. The function of the coordinators in the extensive planning effort now being undertaken by the network and the future need for the coordinator positions are discussed.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rational combinatorial library design. 1. Focus-2D: a new approach to the design of targeted combinatorial chemical libraries.

We describe a new computational approach, called Focus-2D, to the rational design of targeted combinatorial chemical libraries. This approach is based on the hypothesis that structurally similar compounds display similar biological activity profiles. Building blocks that are used in a combinatorial chemical synthesis are randomly assembled to produce virtual library compounds. Individual library compounds are represented by Kier-Hall topological descriptors. Molecular similarities between compounds are evaluated quantitatively by modified pairwise Euclidean distances in multidimensional descriptor space. Simulated annealing is used to search the potentially large structural space of virtual chemical libraries to identify compounds similar to lead molecules. Frequency analysis of building block composition of selected virtual compounds identifies building blocks that can be used in combinatorial synthesis of chemical libraries with high similarity to the lead molecules. We show that this method correctly identifies building found in active peptoids with adrenergic or opioid activities.

Drug Design↗
PubMed1971

From closet to library in the community hospital: remodeling a hospital medical library.

Halifax District Hospital's Medical Library, Daytona Beach, Florida was altered from two dingy rooms to a modern, well-equipped Medical Library twice its former size by its maintenance men in six months time, with the help of the librarian's sketches and an architect student from the junior college to draw the plans.A complete renovation was done, eighteen-inch walls between rooms being demolished, plumbing, ceiling, and windows removed. These were all replaced with walnut-paneled walls, special 125 candle-power lighted ceiling, retractable shelves, more shelves for periodicals and books, wall-to-wall carpeting and fashionable decor. New furniture, tape recorders, and TWX were made possible by a Medical Library Resource Grant. The official opening was six months from the first day of renovation, with ribbon cutting, guests, hospital personnel, and a reporter from the newspaper to take pictures for an article about the most modern medical library in Volusia County. The new Medical Library is in the "core" of the Medical Education Department with space for five years growth.

Architecture↗
PubMed1993

Reader activity in a multidisciplinary health sciences library: a case study at St George's Library.

This paper reports on a survey of user activity in a London teaching hospital with a multidisciplinary health sciences library. Library users were asked to complete a simple survey form on each visit to the library over a week long period. Information was required to help establish a formula for funding. The user survey examined reasons for visiting the library, frequency of visits, length of visit and also asked for comments and suggestions. Finally there is discussion regarding the effectiveness of the survey in terms of the practical framework utilized and of the gains obtained.

Budgets↗
PubMed1993

Charging for library and information services in medical libraries: a review of the literature and a survey of current practice.

A summary of some of the issues concerned with charging for library services (particularly information services and services provided by medical libraries) is given. The results of a survey carried out in July 1992 are presented. The survey asked respondents to indicate which library services they charged for, the level of charges and the extent to which charges to those outside the organization and those within it differed. Twenty-five libraries (response rate of 69%) replied to the survey. Some further areas for research and discussion are indicated.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed2004

[For a history of medical teaching in the 'Marche". Libraries and universities: Lancisi and the University Library of Urbino].

During the Modern Age, in the Marche, in the Pontifical State, it was possible to study medicine and to obtain a degree in medicine in Macerata, Fermo, Urbino, Camerino and Fano. In these cities, from the end of the XVII century to the beginning of the XIX century, public libraries were founded also to support academic teaching. Private collections of medical books, generally formed in Rome, arrived in the Marche to increase the newborn public libraries. In 1720 Pope Clemens XI founded a public library in the monastery of Saint Francis in Urbino. In this library the medical books were bequeathed by the famous Roman physician Giovanni Maria Lancisi. The present article provides the first results of a research, which aims at identifying Lancisi's medical books.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1987

Automating Veterans Administration libraries: II. Implementation at the Kansas City Medical Center Library.

In 1985, the Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center began implementation of the Decentralized Hospital Computer Program (DHCP). An integrated library system, a subset of that program, was started by the medical library for acquisitions and an outline catalog. To test the system, staff of the Neurology Service were trained to use the outline catalog and electronic mail to request interlibrary loans and literature searches. In implementing the project with the Neurology Service, the library is paving the way for many types of electronic access and interaction with the library.

Catalogs, Library↗
PubMed1998

An HLA-binding-motif-aided peptide epitope library: a novel library design for the screening of HLA-DR4-restricted antigenic peptides recognized by CD4+T cells.

Susceptibility to a series of autoimmune diseases is strongly associated with particular HLA class II alleles. Identification of T cell clones and antigenic epitopes bound by HLA class II molecules involved in autoimmune diseases is critical to understanding the etiology of these HLA class II-associated diseases. However, establishment of T cell clones in autoimmune diseases is difficult because the antigenic peptides are unknown. Peptide library methods which include all possible peptide sequences offer a potentially powerful tool for the detection of cross-reactive antigenic peptides recognized by T cells. Here, we reduced the number of peptides per mixture by utilizing the known binding motifs of peptides for the HLA-DRB1*0405 molecule and evaluated the effectiveness of this library design. Each library mixture evoked a strong proliferative response in the unprimed peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from HLA-DRB1*0405-positive donors but little or no response in the PBL from HLA-DRB1*0405-negative donors. The library also detected antigenic peptides that activated three antigen-specific T cell lines restricted by HLA-DRB1*0405, with different specificities. The motif-based approach thus presents a powerful method for monitoring T cells in large, heterogeneous T cell populations and is useful for the identification of the mimic peptide epitopes of T cell lines and clones.

Amino Acid Sequence↗