Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Intelligent Systems”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Uses of coronary heart attack registers.

By studying all coronary heart attacks presenting within defined communities it should be possible to avoid the distortions and omissions inherent in hospital-based case series. In practice the technique presents several problems. Measures of frequency and outcome are very sensitive to the diagnostic criteria used. Data of varying quality are mixed and specific attack rates can be calculated only for items for which the census provides a denominator. Patients presenting to different medical services have different outcomes, but probably less because of treatment than because the severity of the attack affects behaviour in it. Despite these problems, some such intelligence system is of value in any comprehensive strategy for coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Artificial intelligence techniques for cancer treatment planning.

An artificial intelligence system, NEWCHEM, for the development of new oncology therapies is described. This system takes into account the most recent advances in molecular and cellular biology and in cell-drug interaction, and aims to guide experimentation in the design of new optimal protocols. Further work is being carried out, aimed to embody in the system all the basic knowledge of biology, physiopathology and pharmacology, to reason qualitatively from first principles so as to be able to suggest cancer therapies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computers in oncology nursing: present use and future potential.

Computers assist oncology nurses in their roles as "care integrators" and caregivers. Computers assist nurses in their care integrator role by supporting communication with ancillary departments and by aiding in the collection, organization, and storage of data. Computers helps nurses in their role as caregivers through automated care planning, discharge planning, and patient monitoring and by tracking patients' educational, therapeutic, comfort, or other needs. Using computers, nurses can document their assessments and interventions and patient outcomes while receiving cues and reminders about policies, procedures, and standards of care. In the future, oncology nurses can expect to see computer technology in more hospitals and a host of new developments, such as more intelligent systems, nursing and medical knowledge on-line, documentation at the bedside, and use of patient data bases in education and research.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multifunctional instrument for operative laparoscopy: technical, experimental and clinical results in gynaecology.

Whilst endoscopic surgical procedures are getting increasingly more complex, in the various surgical disciplines mono- and bifunctional instruments are only slowly being replaced by multifunctional ones. Therefore a complex, intelligent system was developed, the central part of which is a multifunctional instrument. All basic functions necessary for surgical laparoscopy are integrated and comprise: cutting electrodes (unipolar and bipolar) which can be advanced or retracted pneumatically; coagulation forceps with mechanical control; and irrigation and suction devices. All 5 mm instruments can be used and there is an option for others, such as laser or aqua-dissection. The various functions are controlled via the handle of the multifunctional instrument which is connected to the electronic control unit, the MULTILAP system, which supplies the energy, material, and information flow required. In vivo standardised experiments in pigs were first performed to test the new instrument. Operation time was reduced by more than 20% when compared with the same procedure performed conventionally, during which frequent changing of instruments was necessary. Clinical application, without complications in all 30 patients (uterus preserving procedures or reconstructive tubo-ovarian surgery) confirmed the advantages of a multifunctional device, with optimised cutting and coagulation of vessels more than 1-2 mm in diameter, and reduced duration of operation. Safety and ergonomics were improved. Thus, an electronically controlled instrument with multifunctional working channels for lasers, ultrasound appliances, or mechanical instruments is available for application in all domains of operative laparoscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Evolution of a computer program for classifying protein segments as transmembrane domains using genetic programming.

The recently-developed genetic programming paradigm is used to evolve a computer program to classify a given protein segment as being a transmembrane domain or non-transmembrane area of the protein. Genetic programming starts with a primordial ooze of randomly generated computer programs composed of available programmatic ingredients and then genetically breeds the population of programs using the Darwinian principle of survival of the fittest and an analog of the naturally occurring genetic operation of crossover (sexual recombination). Automatic function definition enables genetic programming to dynamically create subroutines dynamically during the run. Genetic programming is given a training set of differently-sized protein segments and their correct classification (but no biochemical knowledge, such as hydrophobicity values). Correlation is used as the fitness measure to drive the evolutionary process. The best genetically-evolved program achieves an out-of-sample correlation of 0.968 and an out-of-sample error rate of 1.6%. This error rate is better than that reported for four other algorithms reported at the First International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology. Our genetically evolved program is an instance of an algorithm discovered by an automated learning paradigm that is superior to that written by human investigators.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Use of artificial intelligence in analytical systems for the clinical laboratory. IFCC Committee on Analytical Systems.

The incorporation of information-processing technology into analytical systems in the form of standard computing software has recently been advanced by the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) both as expert systems and as neural networks. This paper considers the role of software in system operation, control and automation and attempts to define intelligence. AI is characterized by its ability to deal with incomplete and imprecise information and to accumulate knowledge. Expert systems, building on standard computing techniques, depend heavily on the domain experts and knowledge engineers that have programmed them to represent the real world. Neural networks are intended to emulate the pattern-recognition and parallel-processing capabilities of the human brain and are taught rather than programmed. The future may lie in a combination of the recognition ability of the neural network and the rationalization capability of the expert system. In the second part of this paper, examples are given of applications of AI in stand-alone systems for knowledge engineering and medical diagnosis and in embedded systems for failure detection, image analysis, user interfacing, natural language processing, robotics and machine learning, as related to clinical laboratories. It is concluded that AI constitutes a collective form of intellectual property and that there is a need for better documentation, evaluation and regulation of the systems already being used widely in clinical laboratories.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1990

Medication monitoring in the workplace: toward improving our system of epidemiologic intelligence.

There is a great deal we do not know about the safety of pharmaceutical agents, especially regarding their safe use in the workplace. Economic and scientific imperatives can lead to a new drug's approval and marketing even though testing is limited; therefore, much of the knowledge about drug toxicities must be developed in the postapproval period, through pharmacoepidemiologic methods. The system of epidemiologic intelligence depends on spontaneous, voluntary reports of adverse drug reactions and, as applied to the work force, it is fraught with problems of ascertainment, accountability, and application. Structured epidemiologic studies of these issues have been difficult to perform because of high costs, long time frames, and methodologic problems and biases. Nevertheless, large automated data bases, with the right input, hold great promise for making it easier to accumulate and analyze the data necessary for monitoring drug safety in the workplace.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1992

Intelligent alarms reduce anesthesiologist's response time to critical faults.

The proliferation of monitors and alarms in the operating room may lead to increased confusion and misdiagnosis unless the information provided is better organized. Intelligent alarm systems are being developed to organize these alarms, on the assumption that they will shorten the time anesthesiologists need to detect and correct faults. This study compared the human response time (the time between the sounding of an alarm and the resolution of a fault) when anesthesiologists used a conventional alarm system and when they used an intelligent alarm system. In a simulated operating room environment, we asked 20 anesthesiologists to resolve seven breathing circuit faults as quickly as possible. Human response time was 62% faster, decreasing from 45 to 17 s, when the intelligent alarm system was used. The standard deviations in response time were only half as large for the intelligent alarm system. It appears that the computer-based neural network in the intelligent alarm system diagnosed faults more rapidly and consistently than did the anesthesiologists. This study indicates that breathing circuit faults may be more rapidly corrected when the anesthesiologist is guided by intelligent alarms.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1992

Effects of the fitting parameters of a two-channel compression system on the intelligibility of speech in quiet and in noise.

These experiments were carried out to assess how accurately the gains and compression ratios in a two-channel compression system needed to be set. We used as a research tool a laboratory version of a two-channel full-dynamic-range compression system. The system was initially adjusted to suit each hearing-impaired subject according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Then, further adjustments were made to ensure that speech stimuli were both audible and comfortable over a wide range of sound levels. Finally, the settings of the gains and compression ratios were systematically varied from the adjusted values and the effects of this on the intelligibility of speech in quiet and in noise (12-talker babble, levels of 65 and 75 dB SPL) were measured. The results indicated that speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in quiet were significantly adversely affected by decreases in low-level gain. However, SRTs in noise were relatively unaffected by changes in low-level gain. An exception occurred at the higher noise level used, where increases in the low-level gains (with corresponding increases in compression ratios) had a significant adverse effect on the SRTs. It is concluded that, provided excessive low-level gains (associated with high compression ratios) are avoided, the main criteria for fitting such a system should be listening comfort (i.e. achieving an acceptable tonal balance, and avoiding uncomfortably loud sounds) and an appropriate value of the threshold for detecting speech in quiet (which should be a little below 50 dB SPL).

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2026

Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Systemic Complications From Retinal Findings: A New Frontier in Precision Medicine.

Innovations in retinal imaging technologies and growing evidence from retinal imaging of systemic and neurodegenerative diseases have begun to explore the utility of retinal imaging in diagnosing these conditions. Since the retina shares embryological origins with the central nervous system and reflects systemic microvascular characteristics, it is well positioned for noninvasive observation of patients' systemic and neural health. Moreover, accessibility of retinal imaging has improved with the increasing number of ophthalmology clinics. Rapid improvements in various deep learning (DL) tools have also catalyzed the automation of retinal imaging analysis. Systems that utilize DL for retinal imaging are being developed to assist with disease recognition, clinical judgment, and prognostic assessment of systemic health. Various imaging modalities are being integrated with existing genomic and clinical data to estimate an individual's predisposition to certain conditions. Contrary to many existing reviews, the objective of this review is to synthesize the most recent clinical and technological evidence on DL-based diagnostic systems for retinal imaging, with a focus on how different network architectures and their combinations have been developed, validated, and applied across systemic disease detection and prediction. Specifically, this review examines the datasets, model validation approaches, and automated diagnostic systems reported in recent literature. It discusses the extent to which these advancements address existing barriers toward real-time diagnostic application across clinical disciplines. Integrating retinal imaging with DL is an innovative and promising approach to precision medicine and health risk reduction.

artificial intelligence↗
PubMed1990

Cancer chronotherapy: a drug delivery challenge.

The toxicity and/or efficacy of more than twenty anticancer agents have been shown in various experimental systems to be dependent upon the circadian timing of their bolus administration or the circadian shaping of their continuous infusion. In cancer patients, the toxicity of several single agents, given either as bolus or infusion, and a growing number of drug combinations have been shown to similarly depend upon their timing. While clinical trials currently underway demonstrate that the circadian stage of drug toxicity and dose intensity each depend upon their circadian timing, definitive investigations of whether or not cancer control and patient survival are similarly dependent upon circadian treatment timing are currently under way. Both clinical trials of treatment timing and chronotherapy depend totally upon the development and use of programmable wearable and implantable, single-channel and multi-channel, open and eventually closed loop delivery systems. First generation intelligent delivery systems are currently available, work well, are economical and are destined, for economic reasons, to be more widely used. When used, each system requires temporal input, making it impossible to avoid specification of drug sequence, interval between drugs or treatment cycles and circadian treatment timing. The advent of biological therapy with cytokines and growth factors makes it likely that the precise timing of cancer therapies will be of growing importance.

Animals↗