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PubMed1976

[Short forms of a short psychopathological intelligence test (author's transl)].

Even short tests can still be materially shortened when they are intended to provide rough information. An example of a short intelligence test shows that considerable reductions are permissible when the procedure is intended to classify subjects into IQ groups of roughly "under 100" or "over 100". Also division into three as below average, average and above average level of intelligence is possible, and also division into four grades. If about 85% accuracy is satisfactory, a three-problem test is sufficient. For grading into three and four parts, six and nine problems, respectively may be adequate.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[An enquiry into the WILDE-Intelligence-Test (WIT): comparability of application of the paper-pencil-version vs. the computer based application -- an analysis based on data of the Leipzig Vocational Retraining Center].

This report investigates the equivalence of the computerized version of the WILDE intelligence test (WIT) and its paper-and-pencil analog in a group of occupationally reorienting adults at the Leipzig Vocational Retraining Centre (Berufsförderungswerk Leipzig). In particular, the normative as well as the structural equivalence of the two test formats (paper-and-pencil vs. computer) were examined. The results indicate that both test formats are measuring the same construct, i. e., the two tests are structurally equivalent. Significant differences in mean for the total scores of most of the WIT subtests favour separate standardization of the computerized test format.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Intelligence tests in patients suffering from chronic rhinopathy (author's transl)].

In 100 patients referred to the allergy clinic of the First Otolaryngological University Hospital of Vienna because of chronic rhinopathy an exact allergy diagnosis was carried out, comprising anamneses, skin tests and laboratory tests (Rast, Prist). The test results have yielded two or three diagnosis groups: patients with rhinitis vasomotorica nonallergica, rhinitis vasomotorica allergica, and pollinosis. In addition, in all patients an intelligence test by means of WIP (a short form of HAWIE) was carried out. The IQ of all patients tested is, on the average, significantly above the average of the normal population, the variation in all three groups being significantly below the average of the normal population. The reason for the low degree of variation is that patients with low IQ values were missing. Earlier tests carried out by this clinic (allergy-screening test in 3500 school pupils) had shown that the percentage of allergy patients among pupils with low IQs (special schools) and other children (secondary-schools) cannot be assumed to be of a varying degree. This fact demonstrates that although allergy patients with below-average intellectual ability do exist, they obviously do not consult the respective special clinics. This paper tries to explain this phenomenon and suggests that the socially lower strata be increasingly informed about the problem of allergy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Correlates of the Woodcock-Johnson Reading Comprehension and Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test in a forensic psychiatric population.

Assessing the forensic psychiatric patient remains an ongoing challenge. This study assessed the intellectual status of lower-functioning incarcerated adult males with the Woodcock-Johnson Reading Comprehension subtest and the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test. The results of this study have led the authors to argue for a broad-based assessment model that focuses on the demands and constraints of the dispositional setting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological effects of subclinical epileptiform EEG discharges in children. II. General intelligence tests.

Twenty-one children with suspected or proven epilepsy and subclinical epileptiform EEG discharges in the waking state were studied. The EEG was telemetered and behaviour recorded by closed-circuit television during performance of a general intelligence test (RAKIT, shortened version) which comprised 6 subtests. Mean total IQ was below that of control populations and the subtests profile was abnormal, due particularly to impaired performance on a subtest concerned with verbal short-term memory. This effect was accounted for by that subgroup of children who exhibited discharges during the test; those who did not show discharges at that time were unimpaired. Performance of 3 of the subtests was impaired when discharges occurred during presentation of the test item or between presentation and response. The findings suggest that cognitive impairment found in people with epilepsy may not only represent a more or less static disability, due to drugs, cerebral pathology, etc., but may in part be an intermittent process related to the occurrence of subclinical epileptiform discharges. These preliminary findings need to be amplified but have implications both for interpretation of neuropsychological studies in persons with epilepsy and also for the drug treatment of those who continue to exhibit subclinical EEG discharges when overt seizures have been controlled.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Increasing the reliability of the fluid/crystallized difference score from the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test with reliable component analysis.

The unreliability of difference scores is a well documented phenomenon in the social sciences and has led researchers and practitioners to interpret differences cautiously, if at all. In the case of the Kaufman Adult and Adolescent Intelligence Test (KAIT), the unreliability of the difference between the Fluid IQ and the Crystallized IQ is due to the high correlation between the two scales. The consequences of the lack of precision with which differences are identified are wide confidence intervals and unpowerful significance tests (i.e., large differences are required to be declared statistically significant). Reliable component analysis (RCA) was performed on the subtests of the KAIT in order to address these problems. RCA is a new data reduction technique that results in uncorrelated component scores with maximum proportions of reliable variance. Results indicate that the scores defined by RCA have discriminant and convergent validity (with respect to the equally weighted scores) and that differences between the scores, derived from a single testing session, were more reliable than differences derived from equal weighting for each age group (11-14 years, 15-34 years, 35-85+ years). This reliability advantage results in narrower confidence intervals around difference scores and smaller differences required for statistical significance.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1980

Pediatric speech intelligibility test. I. Generation of test materials.

Normal children between 3 and 7 years of age generated word and sentence messages for use in a new speech intelligibility test. Word materials did not differ as a function of chronological age, vocabulary skills, or receptive language ability. Sentence materials, however, did reflect differences in chronological age, vocabulary skills, and receptive language skills. Older children, approximately 5-10 years, responded with complete, adult-like sentences. Younger children, approximately 3-10 years, responded with either a proform substituted for the noun phrase subject of a sentence or by omitting the auxiliary verb "be" in forming the present progressive verb tense of the sentence. To represent the differences in the children's responses, two different types of test sentences were formed. In one construction, the test sentence is composed of (noun phrase/verb-ing/noun phrase), preceded by the carrier phrase "show me", e.g., "Show me a bear brushing his teeth". In the other construction, the test sentence is composed of (noun phrase/auxiliary verb-ing/noun phrase), e.g., "A bear is brushing his teeth". The two different sentence forms are proposed as a means of equating differences in normal language development among children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Large state-level fluctuations in mental retardation classifications related to introduction of renormed intelligence test.

Oppositely valenced forces may be at work to influence rates of placement of children into mental retardation programs. On one hand, educational policies regarding intellectual disability and concerns about overrepresentation of minorities in special education may contribute to lower placement rates; on the other hand, more difficult intelligence test norms may be a countervailing force, increasing placement rates. An analysis of longitudinal data on state and national level placement rates reveals that a lengthy and steep 12-year decline in students receiving mental retardation services reversed shortly after the introduction of the WISC-III in 1991. This phenomenon has relevance for death-penalty cases, because this historical pattern may affect the ability to establish whether an adult meets the developmental period onset criterion for mental retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Event-related potential (ERP) correlates of performance of intelligence tests.

Any relationship between measures of cognitive function and brain electrical activity would be of considerable importance in the objective assessment of patients suspected of intellectual impairment. In healthy subjects, we have found a strong correlation between the event-related potentials evoked by a digit probe identification task and scores on intelligence tests (WAIS). Responses from subjects with higher performance on IQ tests are significantly 'more negative' than those from subjects with lower IQ. The characteristics of these IQ-dependent electrophysiological features suggest that they may be related to the subject's ability to focus on a task.

Adult↗