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[The relevance of autopsy for insurance carriers].

By means of a retrospective study with an analysis of the data of 12,743 postmortem examinations over a period of 10 years 630 autopsy cases have been ascertained which had a connection to an insurer. Considerable differences in the reaction and behaviour in the event of damage have been found between public and private insurers. In the course of preliminary investigations by professional/trade associations or pension offices in general an immediate and consistent reaction for this group of insured persons--which has been recorded "purely accidentally"--is to be observed through initiating or analysing of postmortem investigations. Quite in contrast to these findings private insurers to only a small percentage made use of their contractual possibilities of a postmortem control and--if at all--mostly delayed, especially in those cases where the costs of such an investigation were to be debited to the insurer's account. In most cases private insurers made use of the results of postmortems by scientific organisations, courts or professional associations. According to the results of an examination following the rules of forensic medicine of postmortem findings an insurance contract conditions, in more than 50 p. c. of the cases the medical preconditions for the performance of the insurance contract had to be denied. A critical comment should follow: in quite a number of undisclosed cases a regulation of accident and life insurance claims is carried through in which unfounded decisions are taken without any postmortem controls.

Adult↗

[Diabetic night clinic. Advantages for insured patients and insurance carriers].

The night clinic for diabetics is a new, partially inpatient supplement of the present medical treatment. It represents a modern cooperative model which provides treatment in the time period that is not taken care of by either out-patient or normal in-patient service. The effectivity in the education and metabolic adjustment of the patients is as good as in a normal clinic. The night clinic permits the insured patient to have equal opportunities at work and a better quality of life. It thus fulfills the social and medical demands in the St.-Vincent declaration. The diabetic can no longer be discriminated against due to missing work in order to be instructed. By remaining employed the patients can be more realistically adapted through cooperation with the company doctor. The social and medical subsequent costs can thus be clearly reduced for the payer. By this cost reduction and by lower operating costs while simultaneously being a more efficient way of treatment, the night clinic conception fulfills modern medical, economic and legal standards.

Absenteeism↗

Workers Compensation cases with traumatic brain injury: an insurance carrier's analysis of care, costs, and outcomes.

The purpose of this survey was to review the medical care, medical costs, and outcomes of 86 Workers Compensation cases involving traumatic brain injury. An analysis of ICD-9 diagnoses, Rancho Los Amigos Cognitive Levels, age, sex, accident description, management techniques, costs, outcomes, and many other factors was conducted. The total indemnity (wage loss) and medical payments amounted to $27.1 million. For example, one case with temporal lobe hematoma, due to a fall in 1972, has had $1.1 million in medical payments since the injury occurred. The current average age is 40 years with 71% still residing at home. Only 10% are currently employed and 40% are known to be receiving other benefits. The increasing frequency and severity of these cases, as well as the extension of survival due to improved care and technology, highlight the need to address the question, "Who will be the caretakers, and what will be the associated costs?" Actuarial projections into the 21st century are given. It is concluded that, while further long-term studies are needed, Workers Compensation carrier representatives and health care providers must continue to work together on the interdisciplinary rehabilitation team.

Activities of Daily Living↗

[Obligation to verify information by the life insurance carrier in overly generalized responses to application questions].

According to supreme court practice which to some extent has been criticized in literature, life assurance companies are obliged, to establish clear circumstances before closing of contract. Should reasonable queries with the client, intermediary or attending physician be neglected, for instance in case of a reply being held too general in respect of the state of health, so the risk exists, that due to this behaviour the right of rescission or avoidance, respectively, cannot be claimed any more because of offending the preliminary contractual obligation to notify.

Germany↗