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PubMed2005

Factors associated with adoption of evidence-based substance use prevention curricula in US school districts.

This paper examines factors associated with the adoption of evidence-based substance use prevention curricula (EBC) in a national sample of school districts. Substance abuse prevention coordinators in public school districts (n = 1593), which were affiliated with a random sample of schools that served students in Grades 5-8, completed a written survey in 1999. Results indicated that 47.5% of districts used at least one EBC in their schools with middle school grades. Substance use prevention coordinators reported they had the greatest input in decisions about curricula. In a multivariate analysis of factors positively associated with district-level decisions to adopt evidence-based programs, significant factors included input from a state substance use prevention group, use of information disseminated by the National Institute on Drug Abuse or Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, use of local needs assessment data, consideration of research showing which curricula are effective and allocation of a greater proportion of the coordinator's time to substance use prevention activities. State and federal agencies should increase their efforts to disseminate information about evidence-based programs, targeting in particular the district substance use prevention coordinator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Culture, community networks, and HIV/AIDS outreach opportunities in a south Indian Siddha organization.

BACKGROUND: Gandeepam is an NGO in rural south India, with an HIV prevalence rate estimated at 2-7 times the national average. Aside from several outreach programs, Gandeepam practices Siddha medicine. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate Gandeepam's strengths and opportunities to promote HIV education. DESIGN: Three weeks of observing clinic practice, meeting patients, and discussing organizational structure. A survey of attitudes toward HIV was completed. RESULTS: Gandeepam reaches a broad cross-section of its community, and effectively disseminates information. No primary HIV prevention efforts were observed. CONCLUSION: Current strengths include an established network for information dissemination, and a strong community reputation. Tremendous social obstacles for disseminating effective HIV prevention messages remain.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

The development of a graduate program in health information management.

The development of a graduate program in Health Information Management is described. The purpose of the program is to prepare individuals to assume executive level roles in a variety of health-care enterprises in health information resources management. The curriculum is based on empirical findings of a role delineation study of chief information officers (CIOs) in the USA. A model of professional practice of the CIO was developed from study findings which describes the role of the CIO from the standpoint of functional areas of entrepreneur, resource allocator, negotiator, information disseminator, information monitor, leader, and operations manager.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed2005

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer family members' perceptions about the duty to inform and health professionals' role in disseminating genetic information.

This study's aim was to ascertain hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families' views on the duty to inform with particular focus on the role of health professionals in disseminating familial genetic information. Eighty members of 16 families with a clinical or molecular diagnosis of HNPCC completed qualitative interviews regarding views on family members' right to know and who should disseminate familial genetic information. Most indicated that everyone in the family should know about the presence of a mutation in the family, with family members themselves being the preferable informant, supported by health professionals who were seen as helpful in overcoming barriers. All but one respondent indicated that if a parent did not test and presumably did not inform his/her child about the family mutation, the child should be informed by other family members or by a health professional. Many were attuned to confidentiality concerns, but judged them to be outweighed by the importance of family members knowing about the mutation and undertaking proper surveillance. Respondents were more private about the disclosure of individual results to other family members, clearly distinguishing personal results from familial genetic information. These families with a hereditary colon cancer syndrome favor open sharing of genetic information within the family, and desire the supportive involvement of health care professionals in disseminating genetic information.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Dissemination of information on legislative mandates and consensus-based programs addressing payment of the costs of routine care in clinical trials through the World Wide Web.

BACKGROUND: Legislative and consensus-based programs that ensure payment for routine care costs in a trial have been enacted by a number of states and government-sponsored health benefits programs. To eliminate the potential for denial of payment by a health plan that can act as a barrier to participation, the public must be aware that these programs exist and what they entail. METHODS: World Wide Web sites are utilized by patients and their surrogates as a prime source of healthcare-related information. A review of cancer research organization and advocate group web sites was performed to document the degree to which these sites provided information on clinical trial coverage programs. The objective was to determine whether patients were being given sufficient information to overcome barriers to participation related to the existence of clinical trials, their potential benefits, and health plan payment. RESULTS: Fewer than 5% of the 373 sites reviewed provided sufficient information to communicate to a patient that 1) the institution participates in sponsored cancer clinical research, 2) patients can derive direct benefits by participating in a clinical trial, and 3) payment for treatment in a clinical trial is largely provided by their health plan. CONCLUSIONS: Sites on the World Wide Web are a key source of healthcare-related information for patients and their surrogates. Organizations involved in clinical cancer research should examine their web sites to ensure that the content it contains is sufficiently detailed, accessible, and readable to inform potential participants fully of the clinical trial options.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Disseminating HIV/AIDS information to African Americans.

Prior research indicates that HIV/AIDS communication must be viewed as a key component of the implementation of a comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention program. In view of the radical increase in HIV/AIDS in the African American community, tailoring health messages on prevention strategies to African Americans becomes particularly important. This paper focuses on health communication to African Americans as an integral part of contemporary HIV/AIDS interventions.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2004

[Role of public health in disseminating health information among adolescents].

The public healthcare should have the dominant role in the transfer of the healthcare information in the young. The reasons for such role are: the disposal adequative informations, the educative staff for these problems, the knowledge of the methodology of the work with the young and the possessing possibilities of the angement of the other sector for the more successive of their total health. The mentioned methods are easily available, well accepted by all the participants and do not require more significant material means.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1970

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. XII. An information retrieval system: a combination of a manual selective dissemination of information, and a personal file indexing system by computer.

The introduction of a manual selective dissemination of information system with a computer-based personal index service into a Medical School Library is described. An account is given of the selection of participants, the development and maintenance of search profiles, the daily procedures, the forms and outputs of the system, and the computer index maintenance system. The costs of both the manual citation selection system and the computer index maintenance system are reported.

Computers↗
PubMed1998

Dissemination of information on unapproved/new uses for marketed drugs, biologics, and devices--FDA. Final rule.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing final regulations pertaining to the dissemination of information on unapproved uses (also referred to as "new uses" and "off-label uses") for marketed drugs, including biologics, and devices. The final rule describes the new use information that a manufacturer may disseminate and describes the content of and establishes procedures for a manufacturer's submission to FDA before it may begin disseminating information on the new use. The final rule also describes how manufacturers seeking to disseminate information on a new use must agree to submit a supplemental application for that use within a specified period of time, unless a supplemental application already has been submitted or FDA has exempted the manufacturer from the requirement to submit a supplement. The final rule provides for requests to extend the time period for submitting a supplemental application for a new use and describes how a manufacturer can seek an exemption from the requirement to submit a supplemental application for the new use. Additionally, the final rule discusses FDA actions in response to manufacturers' submissions, corrective actions that FDA may take or require, and recordkeeping and reporting requirements. The final rule implements sections 551 through 557 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) (21 U.S.C. 360aaa through 360aaa-6) as amended by section 401 of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 (FDAMA).

Device Approval↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of control measures implemented in the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Beijing, 2003.

CONTEXT: Beijing, China, experienced the world's largest outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) beginning in March 2003, with the outbreak resolving rapidly, within 6 weeks of its peak in late April. Little is known about the control measures implemented during this outbreak. OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate the measures undertaken to control the SARS outbreak. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were reviewed from standardized surveillance forms from SARS cases (2521 probable cases) and their close contacts observed in Beijing between March 5, 2003, and May 29, 2003. Procedures implemented by health authorities were investigated through review of official documents and discussions with public health officials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Timeline of major control measures; number of cases and quarantined close contacts and attack rates, with changes in infection control measures, management, and triage of suspected cases; and time lag between illness onset and hospitalization with information dissemination. RESULTS: Health care worker training in use of personal protective equipment and management of patients with SARS and establishing fever clinics and designated SARS wards in hospitals predated the steepest decline in cases. During the outbreak, 30 178 persons were quarantined. Among 2195 quarantined close contacts in 5 districts, the attack rate was 6.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3%-7.3%), with a range of 15.4% (95% CI, 11.5%-19.2%) among spouses to 0.36% (95% CI, 0%-0.77%) among work and school contacts. The attack rate among quarantined household members increased with age from 5.0% (95% CI, 0%-10.5%) in children younger than 10 years to 27.6% (95% CI, 18.2%-37.0%) in adults aged 60 to 69 years. Among almost 14 million people screened for fever at the airport, train stations, and roadside checkpoints, only 12 were found to have probable SARS. The national and municipal governments held 13 press conferences about SARS. The time lag between illness onset and hospitalization decreased from a median of 5 to 6 days on or before April 20, 2003, the day the outbreak was announced to the public, to 2 days after April 20 (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The rapid resolution of the SARS outbreak was multifactorial, involving improvements in management and triage in hospitals and communities of patients with suspected SARS and the dissemination of information to health care workers and the public.

China↗
PubMed2002

Issues of consent and privacy affecting the functioning of ASERNIP-S.

The Australian Safety and Efficacy Register for New Interventional Procedures - Surgical (ASERNIP-S) undertakes horizon scanning, systematic reviews and audits. By disseminating information derived from these processes, ASERNIP-S aims to improve the quality of health care. In the present article, we discuss some of the legal and ethical issues surrounding the collection of identified data for the purposes of audit. The individual's right to privacy is considered as well as the benefits of improving the quality of surgical health care.

Australia↗
PubMed2003

Dissemination of information on potentially fatal adverse drug reactions for cancer drugs from 2000 to 2002: first results from the research on adverse drug events and reports project.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical findings, occurrence rates, causality evidence, and dissemination media for serious cancer drug-associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in the postmarketing setting. METHODS: ADRs were termed serious if they resulted in death or severe organ failure. ADR information for oncology drugs from package insert (PI) revisions, so-called Dear Doctor letters, and journal articles was evaluated to identify serious ADRs reported from 2000 to 2002. Timing and content of information disseminated was assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-five serious ADRs associated with 22 oncology drugs were identified after approval. Approximately half of these serious ADRs are associated with drugs approved before 1995. ADRs were described in articles in medical journals (17 ADRs), PI revisions (18 ADRs), and Dear Doctor letters (12 ADRs). PI revisions occurred less than 1 year after peer-reviewed publication for four ADRs. These revisions often differed for similar ADRs that occurred with drugs of the same class. Five of the seven ADRs lacking PI changes occurred with off-label use, for which PI change is not recommended by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) policy. No cancer drug was withdrawn from the market during the observation period. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that serious ADRs may be discovered as long as 36 years after a drug receives FDA approval. This suggests a need for continued vigilance and efficient strategies for dissemination of information about ADRs associated with cancer drugs.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1998

Dissemination of information on unapproved/new uses for marketed drugs, biologics, and devices--FDA. Proposed rule.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is proposing to issue new regulations pertaining to the dissemination of information on unapproved uses (also referred to as "new uses" and "off-label uses") for marketed drug, including biologics, and devices. The proposal, which would implement the dissemination provisions of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 (FDAMA), would describe the content of and establish procedures for a manufacturer's submissions to FDA before it may begin disseminating information on the new use. The proposal also would describe how manufacturers seeking to disseminate new use information must agree to submit a supplement for that use within a specified period of time, unless a supplemental application already has been submitted or FDA has exempted the manufacturer from the requirement to submit a supplement. The proposal also would provide for requests to extend the time period for submitting a supplement for a new use, and it would describe how a manufacturer can seek an exemption from the requirement to submit a supplement. Additionally, the proposal would discuss FDA actions in response to manufacturer's submissions, corrective actions that FDA may take, and recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

Device Approval↗
PubMed1970

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. XI. Two methods of providing selective dissemination of information to medical scientists.

The purpose of this study was to determine if a computerized commercial selective dissemination of information service could contribute to the services offered to the patrons of a specific medical library who were already participating in a manual selective dissemination of information service. The citations generated by the two services were contrasted on the basis of literature coverage, timeliness of retrieval, and relevancy of output. Eighty-four percent of the discrete citations retrieved were from 664 periodicals subscribed to by both services. Only 16 percent of the total of 1,387 discrete citations were produced by both services. The manual service was more timely; and, although it produced fewer citations, a higher percentage of these were relevant. Numerically, a total of 346 useful citations were recovered by the manual service and 379 from the commercial service. It appears, therefore, that a computerized commercial SDI service could contribute to the services offered to the medical scientists participating in a manual SDI service.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The principles of the dissemination of information on sexually transmitted infections and on the drugs used in delivering medical care].

An analysis is submitted of the problem of dissemination of information about infections caught by sexual intercourse or genital contact and about medication used in the treatment of this kind of pathology. The main principles are worked out of dissemination of medical information among different subjects who are interested in dissemination and securing information highlighting different aspects of the above problem. The presented approaches toward formation of information related to the problem of sexually transmitted infections permit harmonizing the interests of different subjects of the drug market and of the market of medical care to be delivered to patients presenting with the above kind of pathology.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2003

Effect of family history on disclosure patterns of cystic fibrosis carrier status.

As general population screening becomes more common, an increasing number of cystic fibrosis (CF) carriers will be identified who do not have a family history of CF. Whether these carriers inform their relatives of their carrier status and whether their relatives are motivated to pursue carrier screening is unknown. We surveyed CF carriers with and without a family history of CF to understand whether and how information dissemination patterns differ, why information is or is not shared, and to what extent relatives are known to undergo testing. CF carriers were identified from a general population carrier screening clinic (group B = 18) or were parents of affected children followed at a CF clinic (group A = 30). CF carriers with a family history told essentially 100% of their living parents, siblings, and half-siblings, while those without a family history told 84% of living parents and 56% of siblings (P < 0.05). Despite the high rate of information dissemination in both groups, few siblings were known to have undergone carrier screening (14/74). Significantly fewer second- and third-degree relatives were informed about carrier status or were known to have undergone carrier screening. Group A was more likely to inform second- and third-degree relatives about carrier status. Our study documents that the frequency and reasons for disclosing CF carrier status differ between individuals with and without a family history of CF despite the fact that the reproductive risks for their relatives are the same.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of national trends in nursing education through the use of an online survey.

Increased access and familiarity with computer technology has enhanced research data collection and analysis processes. Use of the Internet in these processes is rapidly becoming an alternative to traditional paper and pencil methods and can be a useful tool in conducting nursing education research. The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of online survey methodologies to identify nursing education trends and disseminate information nationwide. Advantages, disadvantages and pitfalls of using e-mail in conducting a Web-based survey are presented. The authors describe relevant aspects of developing and implementing an online survey; relate their experience in using this survey method with regard to its strengths and limitations; and, comment regarding efficacy of electronic collection and analysis of research data. The authors' experience in conducting a previously published national study of the integration of holistic nursing practices and complementary and alternative modalities in curricula of baccalaureate and higher degree schools of nursing is used as an exemplar. The authors conclude that, regardless of the current status of technology and lack of computer support in some schools of nursing, an online national survey is a valuable tool in conducting research in nursing education and increasingly will be the method of choice for gathering survey data.

Curriculum↗