Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “In re Spring”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A new method of closed reduction using the spring action of Kirschner wires for fractures of the tibial plateau--a preliminary report.

The treatment of fractures of the lateral tibial plateau is still a subject of controversy. Many authors have emphasized the importance of early mobilization of the knee joint following fractures of the tibial plateau. However, local depression fractures of the tibial plateau occur quite frequently in elderly patients and have presented many difficult problems in management. In 1982, the authors developed a new method of closed reduction using the spring action of Kirschner wires for severely displaced local depression fractures of the tibial plateau. The principle of this procedure is to apply continuous positive pressure to the depressed fragment for its reduction and retention. By re-establishing stability in the fracture, active knee mobilization can be allowed from the beginning. Seven patients were treated with this procedure, and the results of short-term follow-up, ranging from three to 26 months, were promising as to the range of motion, stability and relief of pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Toward a seasonal model of the circadian system: the case of Ruin lizards.

The pineal gland plays a role in the seasonal re-organization of the circadian system that occurs in Ruin lizard Podarcis sicula. In fact, either pinealectomy or melatonin implants induce an immediate transition from the circadian locomotor pattern typical of summer to the circadian locomotor pattern typical of spring or autumn. Furthermore, the degree of involvement of melatonin and the pineal in circadian organization changes dramatically with season: 1. The effects of pinealectomy, as well as those of melatonin implants on circadian locomotor rhythms are strong in summer and weak in the other seasons; 2. Daily melatonin injections entrain locomotor rhythms in summer, but not in other seasons; 3. A phase response curve for melatonin was generated in summer, but not in winter; 4. Daily injections of luzindole, an antagonist for melatonin receptors alter locomotor rhythms in summer, but not in other seasons; 5. A robust pineal-dependent circadian rhythm of circulating melatonin exists in summer, but not in spring or in autumn. This confirms that the central role of the pineal in determining circadian organization in summer and the marginal role of the pineal in either spring or autumn are respectively due to appearance (summer) or disappearance (spring, autumn) of a circadian melatonin signal in the circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Monitoring progress towards health for all by the year 2000: indicators from Iganga District, Uganda.

A sample of 5018 inhabitants in three counties of Iganga district, Uganda was selected by means of a multi-stage cluster sampling procedure and interviewed in 1984. A sub sample was re-interviewed, the following year to study population dynamics. 50.2% of the population were under 15 years of age and 4.2% were aged one year or less. About 80% of both sexes aged 6-15 years were in school or had primary education. Male adult literacy rate was 62% and female adult literacy rate was 38%. The average number of people per sleeping room was 2.4. 82.9% of households used well or unprotected spring as main source of water and 30% of households did not have pit latrine. Infant mortality rate was estimated to be 126 per 1000 livebirths and measles was the major cause of mortality (38%) in the under fives. The crude birth rate estimate was 51 per 1000. The estimate of lameness due to polio was 6.6 per 1000 children aged 15 years or below. The mean weight and the mean height of the children were both below 50th percentile of the NCHS standards. In the re-survey, the crude birth rate and infant mortality rate estimates corresponded well to the initial values for the total sample obtained in the previous survey. 5% of the population had moved out of the village and 1.8% had moved to settle in the village. The growth rate in both weight and height of the under five children was satisfactory compared to the rate of the standard. From the result of the study, only six years after adoption of PHC in Uganda, the relatively high educational level of the younger population should be taken as a positive indicator of better health indices in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Decline of physiologic training effects during the competitive season in members of the U.S. Nordic ski team.

Various physiologic parameters were examined during submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise in nine members of the U.S. Nordic Ski Team prior to and following three months of on-snow ski training. In addition, four of this group were re-tested at the conclusion of the competitive skiing season. Results indicate a perceptible increase in training effect during the fall and early winter before starting on the European race circuit with subsequent decline in this effect as measured in the spring. It is suggested that this latter phenomenon occurs at least in part due to lack of adequate training time during the period of long-distance travel and racing.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Sub-clinical parasitism in spring-born, beef suckler calves: epidemiology and impact on growth performance during the first grazing season.

Sub-clinical parasitism in spring-born single suckled beef calves was investigated from the middle of their first grazing season until weaning or housing later the same year. The study was conducted on four beef suckler herds in southern England over a 3-year period and involved a total of 334 spring-born beef suckler calves and their dams. The animals were grazed extensively on pastures naturally infected with nematode larvae. At the start of each period of observation, faecal samples were taken from calves and cows and subjected to routine worm egg counts; calves were re-sampled at the end of the grazing season. In July in each year and at each location the calves were ranked by initial weight within sex, paired according to rank and randomly allocated to either an untreated control group or a group in which the calves were each treated with an ivermectin sustained-release (SR) bolus. The calves in both trial groups, and their dams, were grazed together until weaning or housing. The calves were weighed at the initial allocation and at the end of the study. The adult cows were not treated with any anthelmintic during the study. The faecal nematode egg counts (FECs) conducted in July showed that the suckler cows were excreting worm eggs at low concentrations: range 0-100 eggs per gram (epg), with one individual count of 500epg, 88% of the cows sampled had counts of <50epg. Similarly, the counts from the calf samples were fairly low in July: range 0-250epg, 73% of the calves sampled had counts of <50epg. By the end of the grazing season, the faecal samples from the untreated control calves showed higher values: range 0-650epg, with only 58% having an epg of <50. The average rate of daily liveweight gain in the untreated heifer calves was 0.79kg per day, the corresponding figure for the heifer calves treated with the ivermectin SR bolus in mid-summer was 0.88kg per day; the difference of 90g per day was significantly different (P=0.0118). The average rate of daily liveweight gain in the untreated bull calves was 0.91kg per day, the corresponding figure for the bull calves treated with the ivermectin SR bolus in mid-summer was 1.01kg per day; the difference was significantly different (P=0.0169).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Locoweed grazing.

Locoweed is the most widespread poisonous plant problem in the western U. S. Eleven species of Astragalus and Oxytropis (and many varieties within these species) cause locoism. Many locoweed species are endemic and are restricted to a narrow niche or habitat. Other locoweed species experience extreme population cycles; the population explodes in wet years and dies off in drought. A few species, such as O. sericea, are relatively stable and cause persistent poisoning problems. Knowledge of where locoweeds grow and the environmental conditions when they become a threat is important to manage livestock and avoid poisoning. Locoweeds are relatively palatable. Many locoweeds are the first plants to begin growth in the spring and regrow in the fall. Livestock generally prefer the green-growing locoweeds to other forage that is dormant in the late fall, winter, and spring. The most effective management strategy is to deny livestock access to locoweeds during critical periods when they are more palatable than the associated forage. Herbicides can control existing locoweed populations and provide "safe" pastures for critical periods. However, locoweed seed in soil will germinate and re-establish when environmental condition are favorable. Good range management and wise grazing strategies can provide adequate forage for livestock and prevent them from grazing locoweed during non-critical periods of the year when it is relatively less palatable than associated forages.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traumatic lesions of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe in athletes.

In the 1972, 1973, and 1974 football seasons at the University of Arkansas, 74 players sustained sprains of the ankle, producing a total of 152 missed practices and 6 missed games. Although only 18 injuries of the first metatarsophalangeal joint complex were seen, these later resulted in 92 missed practices and 7 missed games. This injury has been a significant problem for both the university and for most other major institutions, judging from a 70% response to 94 questionnaires sent to trainers of 94 large colleges and universities throughout the United States. It is the researchers opinion that the artificial turf surface, particularly as it ages, the shoes, and shoe fitting are all possible contributors to the incidence of the problem. Nonoperative treatment, whose hallmark is rest, is the treatment of first choice. Taping and splinting with a 0.51-mm spring steel splint with reinforcement, both pre- and postinjury, are beneficial. Injections of steroids or any other attempt to return the still painful athlete to activity are contraindicated. Late surgery, particularly in the event of capsular ruptures, as well as early repair, can be of benefit. The need to re-evaluate the shoes and playing surfaces in the light of this and other injuries is emphasized.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Changes in plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and prolactin in ewes receiving melatonin and short-photoperiod treatments to induce early onset of breeding activity.

Breeding activity was similarly advanced in ewes given continuous (s.c. implant) or timed (oral dose at 15.30 h) melatonin treatments or subjected to a short (8 h light: 16 h darkness) artificial photoperiod. Treatments commenced in mid-June and were terminated in mid-November. Weekly and serial blood samples were collected before and after treatments commenced, to ascertain the effects on plasma prolactin, LH and FSH concentrations. In addition, serial blood samples were collected for 24 h plasma prolactin and melatonin estimations before and after cessation of the treatments. Plasma prolactin levels were significantly reduced immediately following the start of the melatonin (implant and oral) and short-photoperiod treatments but 'rebounded' to levels greater than control values. The normal seasonal (spring) rise in plasma prolactin was noted in the following year. Before the onset of breeding activity, mean plasma LH and FSH concentrations and LH pulse frequency did not change following any of the treatments. The 24-h plasma melatonin profile accurately reflected the various applied treatments but had re-entrained to the prevailing (natural) photoperiod 1 week after termination of the treatments. There were no significant group differences in 24-h plasma prolactin levels 1 week before or 1 and 11 weeks after the treatments had ceased. Such treatments, although successfully advancing the onset of breeding activity and modifying the seasonal plasma prolactin rhythm, were not manifested through any apparent change in peripheral LH or FSH.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

["Chronic inguinal strain" in top-athletes and its treatment (author's transl)].

The picture of "chronic inguinal strain" must be regarded as a further development of the "gracilis-syndrome" described by Schneider in 1964 (posttraumatic pibic osteonecrosis). These are rupture of the tendons of gracilis and adductor-longus, degenerated at their points of insertion on the pubic bone. Only surgery is successful. As described by Schneider, the tendon is divided and osteonecrotic tissue removed. If there is rupture the necrotic part of the tendon is excised, the remainder suture red to the nearby tendon. Re-fixation of the tendon at the pubic bone is unnecessary because of the very monor adduction-function of gracilis. Return to sport will be possible-on average-after 6-8 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Retention of social recognition after hibernation in Belding's ground squirrels.

The retention of social memory during long periods of separation, such as hibernation or migration, has not been well documented, despite evidence for long-term social relationships in migrating species or in long-lived sedentary species. We investigated the ability of captive Belding's ground squirrels, Spermophilus beldingi, to remember previously familiar individuals as well as littermates after 9 months of isolation. Before hibernation, young ground squirrels discriminated between odours of familiar and unfamiliar individuals, as shown by greater investigation of a novel individual's odour. The following spring, these yearlings did not respond differentially to odours of previously familiar and unfamiliar individuals, suggesting that memory for familiar conspecifics was lost during hibernation. In contrast, both female and male yearlings continued to discriminate between odours of littermates and previously familiar nonlittermates. Thus, recognition of close kin was maintained during prolonged social isolation, but recognition of familiar, unrelated individuals was not. If re-establishment of familiarity is not costly or if adults rarely interact with the same individuals in successive years, then selection may not favour retention of individual memories of particular conspecifics over the winter. Even though males rarely encounter kin after dispersal, yearling males did recognize their siblings, suggesting that the relative costs of maintaining kin-recognition abilities year-round may be low. Possible mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of individual and kin recognition are discussed. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

The Hastings experience of the Attenborough springs and Rush nail for fixation of olecranon fractures.

A study was done of 70 patients who had internal fixation of an olecranon fracture with an Attenborough spring and Rush nail at the Royal East Sussex Hospital (now called Conquest Hospital), Hastings. This method has been in use since 1970. The age-sex distribution showed more men in the younger age group and more women in the older one. A subjective evaluation was done of all patients. The results were recorded for pain, activities, range of movement, further operations and re-referral after discharge. In the series more than 90 per cent of the patients were satisfied in terms of pain relief, daily activities and range of movements. There were four dissatisfied patients and seven complications. This method provides a quick, safe and effective method of fixing olecranon fractures and appears to give a high level of patient satisfaction.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

How to spring clean your organization's data.

It's time for a thorough spring-cleaning of your company's data. Corporate data are a lot like someone's closet: packed to the point of bursting; filled with items that are similar but not quite identical; archiving things that haven't been worn in years; sprinkled with a few items that were trendy but not useful over the long term; holding other gems that are worn all the time because they're good quality, they work well together, and they fit your lifestyle; and storing the indispensable favorite pair of bluejeans. In this month's guest column, Connie L. Van Fleet will help you decide what data to keep and what to toss.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1996

Seasonal variations in the isolation of Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens from environmental samples.

Calf carcasses contaminated with S. typhimurium, B. cereus and Cl. Perfringens were placed in either a decomposition pit or in a deep burial pit. Salmonella was isolated from the soil around the decomposition pit for 27 weeks and for 15 weeks around the burial site. Salmonella re-appeared in soil samples during cold winter weather after an apparent 9-week absence from the decomposition pit and after 68 weeks in the burial site (a total of 88 weeks after the start of the experiment). There was also an annual rise in the isolation rate of B. cereus from the soil during the colder winter months, but Cl. perfringens appeared to be more prevalent in samples taken during spring of the second year of the study. A similar apparent rise in the prevalence of S. enteritidis during a cold winter period occurred in an empty poultry house that had previously held a naturally infected broiler-breeder flock.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Ankle muscle stiffness in the control of balance during quiet standing.

This research presents new data and reanalyzed information to refute the criticisms of our model of stiffness control during quiet standing. A re-review of their references to biomechanical research on muscle ankle stiffness confirmed muscle stiffness estimates of the ankle series elastic elements that agreed closely with our estimates. A new technique is presented that directly estimates the muscle stiffness from the ankle moment (N. m) and sway angle (deg). The linear regression of 10 subjects standing quietly for 10 s estimated the stiffness (N x m/deg) to be safely above the gravitational spring. The R(2) scores for this linear regression averaged 0.92, confirming how closely the model approached a perfect spring that would have an R(2) = 1. These results confirm our model of a simple muscle stiffness control and refutes the criticisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Studies on nematode infections of beef cattle in New South Wales.

The occurrence and seasonal trends of nematode parasite infections in beef cattle on the Tablelands and North Coast regions of New South Wales are described, based on worm counts from 627 spring-born steers slaughtered at 2-monthly intervals from 6 to 24 months of age. The predominant parasites were Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei and Cooperia spp. Large burdens of adult Ostertagia were seen in 12-month-old animals in late winter and early spring, and later in 18- to 20-month-old cattle in the following late summer and autumn. These infections often resulted in outbreaks of clinical parasitism. Massive numbers of inhibited early fourth stage larvae (EL4) also accumulated in the yearlings during their first spring, reached peaks in mid-summer and then declined. The possibility of their resumption of development to mature worms in the late summer and autumn period is discussed. Adult T. axei showed a similar seasonal trend to Ostertagia and may have increased the severity of outbreaks of clinical disease. Cooperia populations of EL4 and adult worms were highest in weaners during winter, but lower numbers thereafter indicated a strong resistance to re-infection. In addition, Haemonchus placei occurred frequently on the North Coast both as EL4 and adults in cattle of all ages up to 20 months. Of the other cattle nematodes, Oesophagostomum radiatum and Trichuris spp occurred in low numbers, mainly in weaners. Bunstomum phlebotomum and H. contortus occurred sporadically on the North Coast and Tablelands respectively. Intestinal Trichostronglyus spp, Oesophagostomum venulosum and Dictyocaulus viviparus were seen occasionally and Nematodirus spp were not seen. There was a poor relationship between worm counts and faecal egg counts. Cooperia spp dominated the egg counts, while those for other genera were generally low and did not reflect the relative abundance or seasonal changes in worm numbers.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Population dynamics of some Pakistan mosquitoes: changes in adult relative abundance over time and space.

Time series and spatial changes in the relative abundance of 14 mosquito species were described from weekly or biweekly collections at nine localities in Punjab province, Pakistan, from January 1976 to June 1980. Comparisons between indoor aspirator catches and outdoor mechanical sweeper collections enabled mosquito resting habits to be classified as: (1) endophilic (Anopheles culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, An. stephensi, An. subpictus); (2) partially exophilic (An. annularis, An. pulcherrimus, An. nigerrimus, Culex bitaeniorhynchus, Cx, pseudovishnui, Cx, quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus), or exophilic (Cx. fuscocephala, Aedes caspius, Mansonia uniformis). Temporal abundance patterns were grouped by seasonality, overwintering strategies and the magnitude of fluctuation. Seasonal patterns were: (1) unimodal-spring (Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. capius); (2) unimodal-monsoon (An. nigerrimus, An. subpictus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. fuscocephala); (3) bimodal-spring dominant (An. annularis, An. culcifacies, An. stephensi), and (4) bimodal-monsoon/post-monsoon dominant (An. fluviatilis, An. pulcherrimus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Ma. uniformis). Mosquito overwintering strategies included: (1) adults with slowed reproductive activity (An. annularis, An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, An. pulcherrimus, An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus); (2) females with interrupted reproductive activity (An. nigerrimus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus); (3) immature stages (Ae. caspius, Ma. uniformis) and (4) annual extinction and re-introduction (An. subpictus). The magnitude of seasonal change was classified by the number of standard deviations from the overall mean exhibited by the annual maxima or minima: (1) stationary, less than 1 standard deviation (An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Ae. caspius), (2) fluctuating moderately, one to two standard deviations (An. annularis, An. nigerrimus, An. pulcherrimus, An. stephensi, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ma. uniformis) and (3) markedly fluctuating greater than two standard deviations (An. subpictus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus). The seasonal increases of An. culicifacies and An. stephensi abundance did not closely parallel the periods of maximal malaria transmission. Temporal patterns exhibited by several culicine species indicated that the period of greatest West Nile virus activity would probably occur during the post-monsoon season.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Repeated oestrus synchrony and fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cows.

The feasibility of breeding spring-calving, single-suckled beef cows without the use of natural service was investigated over two breeding seasons by using repeated oestrus synchrony and fixed-time artificial insemination (AI). Initially, cows were oestrus-synchronised with subcutaneous norgestomet implants inserted for 10 days, with an injection of prostaglandin before the implants were removed. The cows were inseminated once 56 hours after the implants were removed, and 12 days later they were re-treated with norgestomet implants to allow a second synchronised service. Twenty-one days after the first synchronised AI, milk samples were taken for progesterone assay and the norgestomet implants were removed. The cows received a second service 56 hours later if the 21-day milk progesterone assay suggested that they were not pregnant. All the cows receiving a second service were retreated with norgestomet implants to allow a third synchronised service as necessary. Pregnancy was later confirmed by rectal palpation. In the first year, 48 cows entered the programme and the pregnancy rates to the first, second and third synchronised services were 56, 69 and 40 per cent, respectively, with 17 per cent of cows barren at the end of the breeding period. In the second year, 69 cows entered the programme and the pregnancy rates were 58, 48 and 33 per cent to the successive services with 20 per cent of cows barren at the end of the breeding period. The accuracy of milk progesterone assay for pregnancy diagnosis was 84 per cent and 87 per cent in the first and second years, respectively.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1996

[Human hemoglobin structure and respiratory transport].

Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and helps to transport carbon dioxide back to the lungs. It fulfills this dual role by clicking back and forth between two alternative structures, designated T for tense and R for relaxed, which are defined by the theory of allostery. Like all proteins, it is made up of small molecules called amino acids. A hemoglobin molecule is made up of four polypeptide chains, two alpha chains of 141 amino acid residues each and two beta chains of 146 amino acid residues each. In the complete molecule, four subunits are closely joined, as in a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle, to form a tetramer. In the T structure, the subunits of the molecule are clamped by salt bridges and hydrogen bonds against the pressure of springs and their narrow pockets impede the entry of oxygen. In the R structure, all the clamps have sprung open and the heme pockets are open wide enough to admit oxygen easily. Uptake of oxygen by the T structure would strain the clamps until they all burst open in concert and allow the molecule to relax to the R structure. Loss of oxygen will narrow the heme pockets and allow the T structure to re-form.

Allosteric Regulation↗